Effects of cannabinoid receptor type 2 in respiratory syncytial virus infection in human subjects and mice

References

• Madhi SA, Klugman KP. Acute respiratory infections. In: Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, Bos ER, Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Second edition. Baingana FK, Hofman KJ, Rogo KO (Eds). Washington (DC): World Bank; 2006. Chapter 11.
   Google Scholar
• Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet. 2005;365 (9465):1147-1152. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71877-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams BG, Gouws E, Boschi-Pinto C, Bryce J, Dye C. Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2(1):25-32. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00170-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troy NM, Bosco A. Respiratory viral infections and host responses; insights from genomics. Respir Res. 2016;17(1):156. doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0474-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair H, Nokes DJ, Gessner BD, Dherani M, Madhi SA, Singleton RJ, O'Brien KL, Roca A, Wright PF, Bruce N. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375(9725):1545-1555. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60206-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borchers AT, Chang C, Gershwin ME, Gershwin LJ. Respiratory syncytial virus-a comprehensive review. Clin rev in Allerg Immun. 2013;45(3):331-379. doi:10.1007/s12016-013-8368-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruuskanen O, Lahti E, Jennings LC, Murdoch DR. Viral pneumonia. Lancet. 2011;377(9773):1264-1275. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61459-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi T, McAllister DA, O'Brien KL, Simoes EAF, Madhi SA, Gessner BD, Polack FP, Balsells E, Acacio S, Aguayo C, et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet. 2017;S0140-6736(17):30938-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30938-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigurs N, Aljassim F, Kjellman B, Robinson PD, Sigurbergsson F, Bjarnason R, Gustafsson PM. Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Thorax. 2010;65(12):1045-1052. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.121582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanken MO, Rovers MM, Molenaar JM, Winkler-Seinstra PL, Meijer A, Kimpen JL, Bont L. Respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze in healthy preterm infants. New Eng J Med. 2013;368(19):1791-1799. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1211917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoppelenburg AJ, Salimi V, Hennus M, Plantinga M, Huis in ′t Veld R, Walk J, Meerding J, Coenjaerts F, Bont L, Boes M. Local IL-17A potentiates early neutrophil recruitment to the respiratory tract during severe RSV infection. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e78461. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson C. Respiratory syncytial virus infection: an innate perspective. F1000Res. 2016;5:2898. doi:10.12688/f1000research.9637.1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salimi V, Ramezani A, Mirzaei H, Tahamtan A, Faghihloo E, Rezaei F, Naseri M, Bont L, Mokhtari-Azad T, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. Evaluation of the expression level of 12/15 lipoxygenase and the related inflammatory factors (CCL5, CCL3) in respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice model. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2017;109:209e213. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner TL, Kopp BT, Paul G, Landgrave LC, Hayes Jr D, Thompson R. Respiratory syncytial virus: current and emerging treatment options. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2014;6:217-225. doi:10.2147/CEOR.S60710.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi EH, Lee HJ, Chanock SJ. Human genetics and respiratory syncytial virus disease: current findings and future approaches. In: Challenges and opportunities for respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;372:121-37. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38919-1_6.
   Google Scholar
• Hall CB, Simoes EA, Anderson LJ. Clinical and epidemiologic features of respiratory syncytial virus. In: Challenges and Opportunities for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;372:39-57. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38919-1_2.
   Google Scholar
• Stein RT, Bont LJ, Zar H, Polack FP, Park C, Claxton A, Borok G, Butylkova Y, Wegzyn C. Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;52(4):556-569. doi:10.1002/ppul.23570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Checchia PA, Paes B, Bont L, Manzoni P, Simões EA, Fauroux B, Figueras-Aloy J, Carbonell-Estrany X. Defining the Risk and Associated Morbidity and Mortality of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Infants with Congenital Heart Disease. Infect Dis Ther. 2017;6(1):37-56. doi:10.1007/s40121-016-0142-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salimi V, Hennus MP, Mokhtari-Azad T, Janssen R, Hodemaekers HM, Rygiel TP, Coenjaerts FE, Meyaard L, Bont L. Opioid receptors control viral replication in the airways. Crit Care Medi. 2013;41(1):205-14. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31826767a8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkamp R, Meijerink J. The endocannabinoid system: an emerging key player in inflammation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr. 2014;17(2):130-138. doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rom S, Persidsky Y. Cannabinoid receptor 2: potential role in immunomodulation and neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharma. 2013;8(3):608-620. doi:10.1007/s11481-013-9445-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan BLF, Rockwell CE, Kaminski NE. Evidence for cannabinoid receptor-dependent and-independent mechanisms of action in leukocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;306(3):1077-1085. doi:10.1124/jpet.103.051961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppola N, Zampino R, Bellini G, Macera M, Marrone A, Pisaturo M, Boemio A, Nobili B, Pasquale G, Maione S, et al. Association between a polymorphism in cannabinoid receptor 2 and severe necroinflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Gastroenterol H. 2014;12(2):334-40. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi F, Mancusi S, Bellini G, Roberti D, Punzo F, Vetrella S, Matarese SM, Nobili B, Maione S, Perrotta S. CNR2 functional variant (Q63R) influences childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Hematologica. 2011;96(12):1883-5. doi:10.3324/haematol.2011.045732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi F, Bellini G, Tolone C, Luongo L, Mancusi S, Papparella A, Sturgeon C, Fasano A, Nobili B, Perrone L, et al. The cannabinoid receptor type 2 Q63R variant increases the risk of celiac disease: implication for a novel molecular biomarker and future therapeutic intervention. Pharmacol Res. 2012;66(1):88-94. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.03.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrasquer A, Nebane NM, Williams WM, Song ZH. Functional consequences of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. Pharmacogenet Genom. 2010;20(3):157-66. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e3283367c6b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homaira N, Luby SP, Hossain K, Islam K, Ahmed M, Rahman M, Rahman Z, Paul RC, Bhuiyan MU, Brooks WA, et al. Respiratory Viruses Associated Hospitalization among Children Aged< 5 Years in Bangladesh: 2010–2014. PloS One. 2016;11(2):e0147982. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fall A, Dia N, Cisse el HA, Kiori DE, Sarr FD, Sy S, Goudiaby D, Richard V, Niang MN. Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Senegal after Four Consecutive Years of Surveillance, 2012–2015. PloS One. 2016;11(6):e0157163. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salimi V, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Yavarian J, Bont L, Mokhtari-Azad T. Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran. J Infect Public Health. 2016;9(2):125-35. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2015.05.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahamtan A, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Rygiel TP, Mokhtari-Azad T, Salimi V. Effects of cannabinoids and their receptors on viral infections. J Med Virol. 2016;88(1):1-12. doi:10.1002/jmv.24292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahamtan A, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Mokhtari-Azad T, Teymoori-Rad M, Bont L, Shokri F, Salimi V. Opioids and viral infections: A Double-Edged Sword. Frontiers in microbiology. 2016;7:970. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen R1, Bont L, Siezen CL, Hodemaekers HM, Ermers MJ, Doornbos G, van ′t Slot R, Wijmenga C, Goeman JJ, Kimpen JL, et al. Genetic susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is predominantly associated with innate immune genes. J Infect Dis. 2007;196(6):826-34. doi:10.1086/520886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipe JC, Arbour N, Gerber A, Beutler E. Reduced endocannabinoid immune modulation by a common cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor gene polymorphism: possible risk for autoimmune disorders. J leukocyte Biol. 2005;78(1):231-8. doi:10.1189/jlb.0205111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchweitz JP, Karmaus PW, Williams KJ, Harkema JR, Kaminski NE. Targeted deletion of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 produced enhanced inflammatory responses to influenza A/PR/8/34 in the absence and presence of deita 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. J leukocyte Biol. 2008;83(3):785-96. doi:10.1189/jlb.0907618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karmaus PW, Chen W, Crawford RB, Harkema JR, Kaplan BL, Kaminski NE. Deletion of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 exacerbates APC function to increase inflammation and cellular immunity during influenza infection. J leukocyte Biol. 2011;90(5):983-95. doi:10.1189/jlb.0511219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang LL, Zhao R, Li JY, Li SS, Liu M, Wang M, Zhang MZ, Dong WW, Jiang SK, Zhang M, et al. Pharmacological activation of cannabinoid 2 receptor attenuates inflammation, fibrogenesis, and promotes re-epithelialization during skin wound healing. Euro J Pharmacol. 2016;786:128-36. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murikinati S, Jüttler E, Keinert T, Ridder DA, Muhammad S, Waibler Z, Ledent C, Zimmer A, Kalinke U, Schwaninger M. Activation of cannabinoid 2 receptors protects against cerebral ischemia by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment. FASEB J. 2010;24(3):788-98. doi:10.1096/fj.09-141275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correa F, Mestre L, Docagne F, Guaza C. Activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptor negatively regulates IL-12p40 production in murine macrophages: role of IL-10 and ERK1/2 kinase signaling. Brit J Pharmacol. 2005;145(4):441-448. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karmaus PW, Chen W, Crawford R, Kaplan BL, Kaminski NE. Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol impairs the inflammatory response to influenza infection: role of antigen-presenting cells and the cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. Toxicol Sci. 2013;131(2):419-33. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfs315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchweitz JP, Karmaus PW, Harkema JR, Williams KJ, Kaminski NE. Modulation of airway responses to influenza A/PR/8/34 by delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in C57BL/6 mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007;323(2):675-83. doi:10.1124/jpet.107.124719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda S, Kohsaka H, Takayasu A, Yokoyama W, Miyabe C, Miyabe Y, Harigai M, Miyasaka N, Nanki T. Cannabinoid receptor 2 as a potential therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskel Dis. 2014;15:275. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurihara R, Tohyama Y, Matsusaka S, Naruse H, Kinoshita E, Tsujioka T, Katsumata Y, Yamamura H. Effects of peripheral cannabinoid receptor ligands on motility and polarization in neutrophil-like HL60 cells and human neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(18):12908-18. doi:10.1074/jbc.M510871200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh UP, Singh NP, Singh B, Price RL, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2) agonist ameliorates colitis in IL-10−/− mice by attenuating the activation of T cells and promoting their apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012;258(2):256-67. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortjens B, Ingelse SA, Calis JC, Vlaar AP, Koenderman L, Bem RA, van Woensel JB. Neutrophil subset responses in infants with severe viral respiratory infection. Clin Immunol. 2017;176:100-106. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krohn RM, Parsons SA, Fichna J, Patel KD, Yates RM, Sharkey KA, Storr MA. Abnormal cannabidiol attenuates experimental colitis in mice, promotes wound healing and inhibits neutrophil recruitment. J Inflamm (Lond). 2016;13:21. doi:10.1186/s12950-016-0129-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade-Silva M, Correa LB, Candéa ALP, Cavalher-Machado SC1, Barbosa HS3, Rosas EC1, 2Henriques MG. The cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist β-caryophyllene modulates the inflammatory reaction induced by Mycobacterium bovis BCG by inhibiting neutrophil migration. Inflamm Res. 2016;65(11):869-879. doi:10.1007/s00011-016-0969-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirey KA, Pletneva LM, Puche AC, Keegan AD, Prince GA, Blanco JC, Vogel SN. Control of RSV-induced lung injury by alternatively activated macrophages is IL-4R alpha-, TLR4-, and IFN-beta-dependent. Mucosal Immunol. 2010;3(3):291-300. doi:10.1038/mi.2010.6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stack AM, Malley R, Saladino RA, Montana JB, MacDonald KL, Molrine DC. Primary respiratory syncytial virus infection: pathology, immune response, and evaluation of vaccine challenge strains in a new mouse model. Vaccine. 2000;18:1412-1418. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00399-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar