Looking through Staphylococcus pseudintermedius infections: Could SpA be considered a possible vaccine target?

References

• Griffeth GC, Morris DO, Abraham JL, et al. Screening for skin carriage of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci and Staphylococcus schleiferi in dogs with healthy and inflamed skin. Vet Dermatol. 2008;19:142–49. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00663.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannoehr J, Guardabassi L. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in the dog: taxonomy, diagnostics, ecology, and pathogenicity. Vet Dermatol. 2012;23:253–66. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01046.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devriese LA, Vancanneyet M, Baele M, et al. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius sp. nov., a coagulase-positive species from animals. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2005;55:1569–73. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63413-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki T, Kikuchi K, Tanaka Y, et al. Reclassification of phenotypically identified Staphylococcus intermedius strains. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:2770–8. doi:10.1128/JCM.00360-07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han JI, Rhim H, Yang CH, et al. Molecular characteristics of new clonal complexes of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from clinically normal dogs. Vet Q. 2017;38:14–20. doi:10.1080/01652176.2017.1400710
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanselman BA, Kruth SJ, Weese S. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal colonization in dogs entering a veterinary teaching hospital. Vet Microbiol. 2008;126:277–81. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.06.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Duijkeren E, Catry B, Greko C, et al. Review on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:2705–14. doi:10.1093/jac/dkr367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ventrella G, Moodley A, Grandolfo E, et al. Frequency, antimicrobial susceptibility and clonal distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in canine clinical samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Italy: a 3-year retrospective investigation. Vet Microbiol. 2017;211:103–6. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couto N, Monchique C, Belas A, et al. Trends and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in clinical staphylococci isolated from companion animals over a 16 year period. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71:1479–87. doi:10.1093/jac/dkw029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• dos Santos TP, Damborg P, Moodley A, et al. Front Microbiol. Systematic review on global epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: inference of population structure from multilocus sequence typing data. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:1599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara K, Koizumi A, Saito M, et al. Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST169 and novel ST354 SCCmec II-III isolates related to the worldwide ST71 clone. Epidemiol Infect. 2016;144:434–42. doi:10.1017/S0950268815001545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank LA, Loeffler A. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: clinical challenge and treatment options. Vet Dermatol. 2012;4:283–91. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01047.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegmann R, Burnens A, Marante CA, et al. Human infection associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:2047–8. doi:10.1093/jac/dkq241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riegel P, Jesel-Morel L, Laventie B, et al. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from animals causing human endocarditis. Int J Med Microbiol. 2011;301:237–9. doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bien J, Sokolova O, Bozko P. Characterization of virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus: novel function of known virulence factors that are implicated in activation of airway epithelial pro inflammatory response. J Pathog. 2011;2011:601905. doi:10.4061/2011/601905
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bronner S, Monteil H, Prévost G. Regulation of virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus: complexity and applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004;28:183–200. doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2003.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald JR. The Staphylococcus intermedius group of bacterial pathogens: species reclassification, pathogenesis and the emergence of methicillin resistance. Vet Dermatol. 2009;20:490–5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00828.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Votintseva AA, Fung R, Miller RR, et al. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (spa) mutants in the community and hospitals in Oxfordshire. BMC Microbiol. 2014;14:63. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-14-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker S, Frankel MB, Schneewind O, et al. Release of protein A from the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111:1574–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.1317181111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster TJ. Immune evasion by staphylococci. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3:948–58. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman GJ, Goodyear CS. A model B-cell superantigen and the immunology of B lymphocytes. Clin Immunol. 2002;102:117–34. doi:10.1006/clim.2001.5143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viau M, Longo NS, Lipsky PE, et al. Staphylococcal protein A deletes B-1a and marginal zone B lymphocytes expressing human immunoglobulins: an immune evasion mechanism. J Immunol. 2005;175:7719–27. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meakins KJ. An experimental study of opsonic immunity to Staphylococcus aureus. J Exp Med. 1910;12:67–81. doi:10.1084/jem.12.1.67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim HK, Cheng AG, Kim HY, et al. Nontoxigenic protein A vaccine for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice. J Exp Med. 2010;207:1863–70. doi:10.1084/jem.20092514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran M, Bemis DA, Kania SA. Expression and function of protein A in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Virulence. 2017;[Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1080/21505594.2017.1403710
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moodley A, Stegger M, Ben Zakour NL, et al. Tandem repeat sequence analysis of staphylococcal protein A (spa) gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Vet Microbiol. 2009;135:320–6. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannoehr J, Ben Zakour NL, Reglinski M, et al. Genomic and surface proteomic analysis of the canine pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius reveals proteins that mediate adherence to the extracellular matrix. Infect Immun. 2011;79:3074–86. doi:10.1128/IAI.00137-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley MC, Perreten V, Bemis DA, et al. Complete genome sequences of three important methicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Genome Announc. 2016;4(5):e01194–16. doi:10.1128/genomeA.01194-16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Duijkeren E, Kamphuis MIC, Mije V, et al. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius between infected dogs and cats and contact pets, humans and the environment in households and veterinary clinics. Vet Microbiol. 2011;150:338–43. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robb AR, Wright ED, Foster AME, et al. Skin infection caused by a novel strain of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a Siberian husky dog owner. JMM. 2017;4(3):jmmcr005087.
   Google Scholar
• Paul NC, Moodley A, Ghibaudo G, et al. Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in small animal veterinarians: indirect evidence of zoonotic transmission. Zoonoses Public Health. 2011;58:533–9. doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01398.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HK, Thammavongsa V, Schneewind O, et al. Recurrent infections and immune evasion strategies of Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2012;15:92–9. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.10.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulica A, Medesan C, Laky M, et al. Effect of protein A of Staphylococcus aureus on the binding of monomeric and polymeric IgG to Fc receptor-bearing cells. Immunology. 1979;38:173–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HK, Emolo C, DeDent AC, et al. Protein A-specific monoclonal antibodies and the prevention of Staphylococcus aureus disease in mice. Infect Immun. 2012;80:3460–70. doi:10.1128/IAI.00230-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falugi F, Kim HK, Missiakas DM, et al. Role of protein A in the evasion of host adaptive immune responses by Staphylococcus aureus. mBio. 2013;4(5):00575–00513. doi:10.1128/mBio.00575-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar