1,516
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Brief Report

Anthrax protective antigen is a calcium-dependent serine protease

, , , , , , ORCID Icon & show all
Pages 1085-1091 | Received 20 Mar 2018, Accepted 29 May 2018, Published online: 27 Jul 2018

References

  • Glinert I, Bar-David E, Sittner A, et al. Revisiting the concept of targeting only Bacillus anthracis toxins as a treatment for Anthrax. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60:4878–4885.
  • McComb RC, Martchenko M. Neutralizing antibody and functional mapping of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen-the first step toward a rationally designed anthrax vaccine. Vaccine. 2016;34:13–19.
  • Bradley KA, Mogridge J, Mourez M, et al. Identification of the cellular receptor for anthrax toxin. Nature. 2001;414:225–229.
  • Scobie HM, Rainey GJ, Bradley KA, et al. Human capillary morphogenesis protein 2 functions as an anthrax toxin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:5170–5174.
  • Friebe S, van der Goot FG, Burgi J. The ins and outs of anthrax toxin. Toxins (Basel). 2016;8:69.
  • Bromberg-White J, Lee CS, Duesbery N. Consequences and utility of the zinc-dependent metalloprotease activity of anthrax lethal toxin. Toxins (Basel). 2010;2:1038–1053.
  • Roux PP, Blenis J. ERK and p38 MAPK-activated protein kinases: a family of protein kinases with diverse biological functions. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2004;68:320–344.
  • Leppla SH. Anthrax toxin edema factor: a bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP concentrations of eukaryotic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1982;79:3162–3166.
  • Bradley KA, Mogridge J, Jonah G, et al. Binding of anthrax toxin to its receptor is similar to alpha integrin-ligand interactions. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:49342–49347.
  • Rainey GJ, Wigelsworth DJ, Ryan PL, et al. Receptor-specific requirements for anthrax toxin delivery into cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:13278–13283.
  • Fu S, Tong X, Cai C, et al. The structure of tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) extracellular domain and implications for its receptor function for recognizing anthrax toxin. PLoS One. 2010;5:e11203.
  • Petosa C, Collier RJ, Klimpel KR, et al. Crystal structure of the anthrax toxin protective antigen. Nature. 1997;385:833–838.
  • Ramey JD, Villareal VA, Ng C, et al. Anthrax toxin receptor 1/tumor endothelial marker 8: mutation of conserved inserted domain residues overrides cytosolic control of protective antigen binding. Biochemistry. 2010;49:7403–7410.
  • Podsiadlo P, Komiyama T, Fuller RS, et al. Furin inhibition by compounds of copper and zinc. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:36219–36227.
  • Remacle AG, Gawlik K, Golubkov VS, et al. Selective and potent furin inhibitors protect cells from anthrax without significant toxicity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010;42:987–995.
  • Sarac MS, Peinado JR, Leppla SH, et al. Protection against anthrax toxemia by hexa-d-arginine in vitro and in vivo. Infect Immun. 2004;72:602–605.
  • Opal SM, Artenstein AW, Cristofaro PA, et al. Inter-alpha-inhibitor proteins are endogenous furin inhibitors and provide protection against experimental anthrax intoxication. Infect Immun. 2005;73:5101–5105.
  • Gillespie EJ, Ho CL, Balaji K, et al. Selective inhibitor of endosomal trafficking pathways exploited by multiple toxins and viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:E4904–12.
  • Jeong SY, Martchenko M, Cohen SN. Calpain-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangement exploited for anthrax toxin endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:E4007–15.
  • Cummings RT, Salowe SP, Cunningham BR, et al. A peptide-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for Bacillus anthracis lethal factor protease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:6603–6606.
  • Molhoek EM, den Hertog AL, de Vries AM, et al. Structure-function relationship of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and LL-37 fragments in the modulation of TLR responses. Biol Chem. 2009;390:295–303.
  • Kaman WE, Hulst AG, van Alphen PT, et al. Peptide-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer protease substrates for the detection and diagnosis of Bacillus species. Anal Chem. 2011;83:2511–2517.
  • Kaman WE, Voskamp-Visser I, de Jongh DM, et al. Evaluation of a d-amino-acid-containing fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptide library for profiling prokaryotic proteases. Anal Biochem. 2013;441:38–43.