Enteric involvement of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the COVID-19 management, transmission, and infection control

References

• Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. China novel coronavirus investigating and research team. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:727–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmy YA, Fawzy M, Elaswad A, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review of taxonomy, genetics, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control. J Clin Med. 2020;9:1225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Situation report—139; 2020 June 07 [cited 2020 Jun 07]. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200607-covid-19-sitrep-139.pdf?sfvrsn=79dc6d08_2
   Google Scholar
• Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061–1069. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1199‐1207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coronavirus Outbreak; [cited 2020 Jun 08]. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.
   Google Scholar
• Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55:105924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ping A, Hongbin C, Xiaoda J, et al. Clinical features of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia presented gastrointestinal symptoms but without fever onset. Prep Lancet. 2020. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3532530
   Google Scholar
• Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708–1720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan L, Mi M, Gang Ren H, et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115:766–773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang D, Ma J, Guan J, et al. Manifestations of digestive system in hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-center, descriptive study. Chin J Dig. 2020,40. Epub ahead of print (in Chinese). Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-1432.2020.0005
   Google Scholar
• Tian Y, Rong L, Nian W, et al. Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51:843–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin X, Lian JS, Hu JH, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut. 2020;69:1002–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges Do Nascimento IJ, Cacic N, Abdulazeem HM, et al. Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in humans: a scoping review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2020;9:941.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmer D, Gilbert M, Borman R, et al. Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme. FEBS Lett. 2002;532:107–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto T, Perlot T, rehman A, et al. ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation. Nature. 2012;487:477–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao F, Tang M, Zheng X, et al. Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2. Gastroenterology. 2020;158:1831–1833.e3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang W, Feng Z, Rao S, et al. Diarrhoea may be underestimated: a missing link in 2019 novel coronavirus. Gut. 2020:1–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Chen L, Deng Q, et al. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020;;92:833–840.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Chen C, Zhu S, et al. Isolation of 2019-nCoV from a stool specimen of a laboratory-confirmed case of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). China CDC Weekly. 2020;2:123–124.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA. 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3786.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang A, Tong ZD, Wang HL, et al. Detection of novel coronavirus by RT-PCR in stool specimen from asymptomatic child, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200301.
   Google Scholar
• Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019;17:181–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung WK, To KF, Chan PK, et al. Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:1011–1017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J, Li C, Zhao G, et al. Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Sci Adv. 2017;3:eaao4966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020;395:514–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar