Drought and elevation effects on MODIS vegetation indices in northern Arizona ecosystems

References

• Akritas , M. G. , Murphy , S. A. and La Valley , M. P. 1995. “ . The Theil-Sen Estimator with Doubly Censored Data and Applications to Astronomy.” . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 90 : 170 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcaraz-Segura , D. , Chuvieco , E. , Epstein , H. E. , Kasischke , E. S. and Trishenko , A. 2010. “ . Debating the Greening vs. Browning of the North American Boreal Forest: Differences Between Satellite Datasets.” . Global Change Biology , 16 : 760 – 770 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anyamba , A. , Tucker , C. J. and Mahoney , R. 2002. “ . From El Nino to La Nina: Vegetation Response Patterns Over East and Southern Africa During the 1997–2000 Period.” . Journal of Climate , 15 : 3096 – 3103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , P. S. , Atzberger , C. , Hogda , K. A. , Johansen , B. and Skidmore , A. K. 2006. “ . Improved Monitoring of Vegetation Dynamics at Very High Latitudes: A New Method Using MODIS NDVI.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 100 : 321 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beer , C. , Reichstein , M. , Tomelleri , E. , Ciais , P. , Jung , M. , Carvalhais , N. , ödenbeck , C. R , Arain , M. A. , Baldocchi , D. , Bonan , G. B. , Bondeau , A. , Cescatti , A. , Lasslop , G. , Lindroth , A. , Lomas , M. , Luyssaert , S. , Margolis , H. , Oleson , K. W. , Roupsard , O. , Veenendaal , E. , Viovy , N. , Williams , C. , Woodward , F. I. and Papale , D. 2010. “ . Terrestrial Gross Carbon Dioxide Uptake: Global Distribution and Covariation with Climate.” . Science , 329 : 834 – 838 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigler , C. and Bugmann , H. 2003. “ . Growth-Dependent Tree Mortality Models Based on Tree Rings.” . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 33 : 210 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breshears , D. D. , Cobb , N. S. , Rich , P. M. , Price , K. P. , Allen , C. D. , Balice , R. G. , Romme , W. H. , Kastens , J. H. , Floyd , M. L. , Belnap , J. , Anderson , J. J. , Myers , O. B. and Meyer , C. W. 2005. “ . Regional Vegetation Die-Off in Response to Global-Change-Type Drought.” . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 102 : 15144 – 15148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , B. and Coops , N. C. 2009. “ . Understanding of Coupled Terrestrial Carbon, Nitrogen and Water Dynamics – An Overview.” . Sensors , 9 : 8624 – 8657 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , T. , Rivard , B. , Sanchez-Azofeifa , G. A. , Feng , J. and Calvo-Polanco , M. 2010. “ . Continuous Wavelet Analysis for the Detection of Green Attack Damage Due to Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 114 : 899 – 910 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook , B. D. , Davis , K. J. , Wang , W. , Desai , A. , Berger , B. W. , Teclaw , R. M. , Martin , J. G. , Bolstad , P. V. , Bakwin , P. S. , Yi , C. and Heilman , W. 2004. “ . Carbon Exchange and Venting Anomalies Deciduous Forest in Northern Wisconsin, USA.” . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 126 : 271 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coops , N. C. , Waring , R. H. and Landsberg , J. J. 2001. “ . Estimation of Potential Forest Productivity Across the Oregon Transect Using Satellite Data and Monthly Weather Records.” . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 22 : 3797 – 3812 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer , W. , Bondeau , A. , Woodward , F. I. , Prentice , I. C. , Betts , R. A. , Brovkin , V. , Cox , P. M. , Fisher , V. , Foley , J. A. , Friend , A. D. , Kucharik , C. , Lomas , M. R. , Ramankutty , N. , Sitch , S. , Smith , B. , White , A. and Young-Molling , C. 2001. “ . Global Response of Terrestrial Ecosystem Structure and Function to CO2 and Climate Change: Results from Six Dynamic Global Vegetation Models.” . Global Change Biology , 7 : 357 – 373 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuevas-Gonzalez , M. , Gerard , F. , Balzter , H. and Riano , D. 2009. “ . Analyzing Forest Recovery After Wildfire Disturbance in Boreal Siberia Using Remotely Sensed Vegetation Indices.” . Global Change Biology , 15 : 561 – 577 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai , A. , Trenberth , K. E. and Qian , T. 2004. “ . A Global Dataset of Palmer Drought Severity Index for 1870–2002: Relationship with Soil Moisture and Effects of Surface Warming.” . Journal of Hydrometeorology , 5 : 1117 – 1130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Beurs , K. M. and Henebry , G. M. 2005. “ . A Statistical Framework for the Analysis of Long Image Time Series.” . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 26 : 1551 – 1573 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong , R. , Verbesselt , J. and Schaepman , M. E. 2012. “ . Trend Changes in Global Greening and Browning: Contribution of Short-Term Trends to Longer-Term Change.” . Global Change Biology , 18 : 642 – 655 . , and S. De Bruin
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degomez , T. 2003. “ . Arizona Bark Beetle Outbreak-Fall 2003 Update, United States Forest Service, Arizona State Land Department, & Arizona Public Service.” . Journal of Hydrometeorology , 5 : 1117 – 1130 .
   Google Scholar
• Donohue , R. J. , Mcvicar , T. R. and Roderick , M. L. 2009. “ . Climate-Related Trends in Australian Vegetation Cover as Inferred From Satellite Observations, 1981–2006.” . Global Change Biology , 15 : 1025 – 1039 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklundh , L. , Johansson , T. and Solberg , S. 2009. “ . Mapping Insect Defoliation in Scots Pine with MODIS Time-Series Data.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 113 : 1566 – 1573 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fensholt , R. , Ramussen , K. , Nielsen , T. T. and Davis , S. D. 2009. “ . Evaluation of Earth Observation Based Long Term Vegetation Trends-Intercomparing NDVI Time Series Trend Analysis Consistency of Sahel from AVHRR GIMMS, Terra MODIS and SPOT VGT Data.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 113 : 1886 – 1898 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood , D. L. and Weisberg , P. J. 2008. “ . Density-Dependent Tree Mortality in Pin-Juniper Woodlands.” . Forest Ecology and Management , 255 : 2129 – 2137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasting, D. A., P. K. Dunbar, G. M. Elphingstone, M. Bootz, H. Murakami, H. Maruyama, H. Masaharu, P. Holland, and J. Payne, N.A. Bryant, T.L. Logan, J.P. Muller, G. Schreier, and J.S. Macdonald; GLOBE Task Team, 1999, The global land one kilometer base elevation (GLOBE) digital elevation model, version 1.0, Nat. Ocean. Atmos. Admin., Nat. Geophys. Data Center, Boulder, CO, Digital data base on the World Wide Web and CD-ROMs. Accessed 15 March 2013 http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/ (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/)
   Google Scholar
• Herrmann , S. M. , Anyamba , A. and Tucker , C. J. 2005. “ . Recent Trends in Vegetation Dynamics in the African Sahel and Their Relationship to Climate.” . Global Environmental Change , 15 : 394 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huete , A. R. , Didan , K. , Miura , T. , Rodriguez , E. P. , Gao , X. and Ferreira , L. G. 2002. “ . Overview of the Radiometric and Biophysical Performance of the MODIS Vegetation Indices.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 83 : 195 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huete, A. R., C. Justice, and W. Van Leeuwen. 1999, MODIS vegetation index (MOD 13) algorithm theoretical basis document, version 3. Accessed 15 March 2013 http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/atbd/atbd_mod13.pdf (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/atbd/atbd_mod13.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , E. A. and Miyabishi , K. 2007 . Plant Disturbance Ecology: The Process and Response , New York, NY : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , Y. 2011. “ . Monitoring Recent Vegetation Greenness Trend Impacted From Past Drought Events in Northern Arizona with AVIRIS and MODIS.” . Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS , 2 : 23 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , Y. , Kimball , J. S. , Zhang , K. and McDonald , K. C. 2012. “ . Satellite Detection of Increasing Northern Hemisphere Non-Frozen Seasons From 1979 to 2008: Implications for Regional Vegetation Growth.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 121 : 472 – 487 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson , A. J. and Franklin , J. F. 2010. “ . The Tree Mortality Regime in Temperate Old-Growth Coniferous Forests: The Role of Physical Damage.” . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 40 : 2091 – 2103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loik , M. E. , Breshears , D. D. , Lauenroth , W. K. and Belnap , J. 2004. “ . A Multi-Scale Perspective of Water Pulses in Dry Land Ecosystems: Climatology and Ecohydrology of the Western USA.” . Oecologia , 141 : 269 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhee, J., A. Comrie, and G. Garfin. 2004, Drought and Climate in Arizona: Top Ten Questions and Answers, 22. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Climate Assessment Project for the Southwest (CLIMAS)
   Google Scholar
• Morgan Earnest , S. K , Brown , J. H. and Parmenter , R. R. 2000. “ . Rodents, Plants, and Precipitation: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Consumers and Resources.” . Oikos , 88 : 470 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myneni , R. B. , Keeling , C. D. , Tucker , C. J. , Asrar , G. and Nemani , R. R. 1997. “ . Increased Plant Growth in the Northern High Latitudes from 1981 to 1991.” . Nature , 386 : 698 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemani , R. R. , Keeling , C. D. , Hashimoto , H. , Jolly , W. M. , Piper , S. C. , Tucker , C. J. , Myneni , R. B. and Running , S. W. 2003. “ . Climate-Driven Increases in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 1982 to 1999.” . Science , 300 : 1560 – 1563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , D. L. and Waring , R. H. 1994. “ . Overview of the Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research Project.” . Ecological Applications , 4 : 211 – 225 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rich , P. M. , Breshears , D. D. and White , A. B. 2008. “ . Phenology of Mixed Woody-Herbaceous Ecosystems Following Extreme Events: Net and Differential Responses.” . Ecology , 89 : 342 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwalm , C. R. , Williams , C. A. , Schaefer , K. , Baldocchi , D. , Black , T. A. , Goldstein , A. H. , Law , B. E. , Paw , U and Scott , R. L. 2012. “ . Reduction in Carbon Uptake During Turn of the Century Drought in Western North America.” . Nature Geoscience , 5 : 551 – 556 . W. C. Oechel, K. T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen , P. K. 1968. “ . Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall's Tau.” . Journal of the American Statistics Association , 63 : 1379 – 1389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard , P. R. , Comrie , A. C. , Packin , G. D. , Angersbach , K. and Hughes , M. K. 2002. “ . The Climate of the US Southwest.” . Climate Research , 21 : 219 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockli , R. and Vidale , P. L. 2004. “ . European Plant Phenology and Climate as Seen in a 20-Year AVHRR Land-Surface Parameter Dataset.” . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 25 : 3303 – 3330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton, P. E., M. M. Thornton, B. W. Mayer, N. Wilhelmi, Y. Wei, and R. B. Cook. 2012. “DAYMET: Daily Surface Weather on a 1 km Grid for North America. 1980–2008.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, T, N. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/Daymet_V2. Accessed 20 March 2012 http://daymet.ornl.gov/ (http://daymet.ornl.gov/)
   Google Scholar
• Tucker , C. J. 1979. “ . Red and Photographic Infrared Linear Combinations for Monitoring Vegetation.” . Remote Sensing of Environment , 8 : 127 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Mantgem , P. J. , Stepheson , N. L. , Byrne , J. C. , Daniels , L. D. , Franklin , J. F. , Fule , P. Z. , Harmon , M. E. , Larson , A. J. , Smith , J. M. , Taylor , A. H. and Veblen , T. T. 2008. “ . Widespread Increase of Tree Mortality Rates in the Western United States.” . Science , 323 : 521 – 524 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , J. L. , Gutzler , D. S. , Coonrod , J. E. A. and Dahm , C. N. 2004. “ . Long-Term Vegetation Monitoring with NDVI in a Diverse Semi-Arid Setting, Central New Mexico, USA.” . Journal of Arid Environments , 58 : 249 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A. P. , Allen , C. D. , Millar , C. I. , Swetnam , T. W. , Michaelsen , J. , Still , C. J. and Leavitt , S. W. 2010a. “ . Forest Responses to Increasing Aridity and Warmth in the Southwestern United States.” . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 107 : 21289 – 21294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A. P. , Michaelsen , J. , Leavitt , S. W. and Still , C. J. 2010b. “ . Using Tree Rings to Predict the Response of Tree Growth to Climate Change in the Continental United States During the Twenty-First Century.” . Earth Interactions , 14 : 1 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao , J. , Zhuang , Q. , Liang , E. , Mcguire , A. D. , Moody , A. , Kicklighter , D. W. , Shao , X. and Melillo , J. M. 2009. “ . Twentieth-Century Droughts and Their Impacts on Terrestrial Carbon Cycling in China.” . Earth Interactions , 13 : 1 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue , S. , Pilon , P. and Cavadias , G. 2002. “ . Power of the Mann-Kendall and Spearman's Rho Tests for Detecting Monotonic Trends in Hydrological Series.” . Journal of Hydrology , 259 : 254 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar