Predictors of attachment security in children adopted from China by US families: implication for professional counsellors

References

• Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1979). Infant-mother attachment. American Psychologist, 34, 932–937. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
   Google Scholar
• Azen, R., & Budescu, D. V. (2003). The dominance analysis approach for comparing predictors in multiple regression. Psychological Methods, 8, 129–148. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.8.2.129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baden, A. L., Treweeke, L. M., & Ahluwalia, M. K. (2012). Reclaiming culture: Reculturation of transracial and international adoptees. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90, 387–399. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00049.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartel, T. M. C. (2005). Factors associated with attachment in international adoption ( Doctoral dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from https://krex.k-state.edu/~asb/thesis
   Google Scholar
• Barth, R. P., & Miller, J. M. (2000). Building effective post-adoption services: What is the empirical foundation? Family Relations, 49, 447–455. doi:10.1111/fare.2000.49.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritarian parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 887–907. doi:10.2307/1126611
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumrind, D. (1978). Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children. Youth & Society, 9, 239–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beijersbergen, M. D., Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012). Remaining or becoming secure: Parental sensitive support predicts attachment continuity from infancy to adolescence in a longitudinal adoption study. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1277–1282. doi:10.1037/a0027442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoit, D. (2004). Infant-parent attachment: Definitions, types, antecedents, measurement and outcome. Pediatrics & Child Health, 9, 541–545. doi:10.1093/pch/9.8.541
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss, Vol. I: Attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Separation (Vol. II). New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bretherton, I. (1996). Internal working models of attachment relationships as related to resilient coping. In G. G. Noam & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), Development and vulnerability in close relationships (pp. 3–27). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Carnes-Holt, K. (2012). Child-parent relationship therapy for adoptive families. The Family Journal, 20, 419–426.
   Google Scholar
• Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65, 1111–1119. doi:10.2307/1131308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, R. K. (2000). The parenting of immigrant Chinese and European American mothers: Relations between parenting styles, socialization goals, and parental practices. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21, 233–248. doi:10.1016/S0193-3973(99)00037-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, R. K. (2001). Extending research on the consequences of parenting style for Chinese Americans and European Americans. Child Development, 72, 1832–1843. doi:10.1111/cdev.2001.72.issue-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chisholm, K. (1998). A three year follow-up of attachment and indiscriminate friendliness in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Child Development, 69, 1092–1106. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06162.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chisholm, K., Carter, M. C., Ames, E. W., & Morison, S. J. (1995). Attachment security and indiscriminate friendliness in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Development and Psychology, 7, 283–294. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006507
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, N. J., Lojkasek, M., Zadeh, Z. Y., Pugliese, M., & Kiefer, H. (2008). Children adopted from China: A prospective study of their growth and development. The Journal of China Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 458–468. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01853.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, N. J., & Farnia, F. (2010). Social-emotional adjustment and attachment in children adopted from China: Processes and predictors of change. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 66–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, N. J., & Farnia, F. (2011). Children adopted from China: Attachment security two years later. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 2342–2346. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVito, C., & Hopkins, J. (2001). Attachment, parenting, and marital dissatisfaction as predictors of disruptive behavior in preschoolers. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 215–231. doi:10.1017/S0954579401002024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grotevant, H. D., Dunbar, N., Kohler, J. K., & Lash Esau, A. M. (2000). Adoptive identity: How contexts within and beyond the family shape developmental pathways. Family Relations, 49, 379–387. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00379.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M. R., Bruce, J., & Grotevant, H. D. (2000). International adoption of institutionally reared children: Research and policy. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 677–693. doi:10.1017/S0954579400004077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar, M. R., van Dulmen, M. H. M., & The International Adoption Project Team. (2007). Behavior problems in postinstitutionalized adopted children. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 129–148.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, M., Lambert, L., Triseliotis, J., & Buist, M. (1992). Making judgments about parenting: The example of freeing for adoption. British Journal of Social Work, 22, 373–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juffer, F., & van IJzendoorn, H. M. (2005). Behavior problems and mental health referrals of international adoptees: A meta-analysis. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 20, 2501–2515. doi:10.1001/jama.293.20.2501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann, D., Gesten, E., Santa Lucia, R. C., Salcedo, O., Rendina-Gobioff, G., & Gadd, R. (2000). The relationship between parenting style and children’s adjustment: The parents’ perspective. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9, 231–245. doi:10.1023/A:1009475122883
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., & Hazler, R. J. (2015). All foreign-born adoptees are not the same: What counselors and parents need to know. The Professional Counselor, 5, 238–247. doi:10.15241/efh.5.2.238
   Google Scholar
• Miller, B. C., Fan, X., Grotevant, H. D., Christensen, M., Coyl, D., & van Dulmen, M. (2000). Adopted adolescents’ overrepresentation in mental health counseling: Adoptees’ problems or parents’ lower threshold for referral? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1504–1511. doi:10.1097/00004583-200012000-00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palacios, J., Román, M., & Camacho, C. (2010). Growth and development in internationally adopted children: Extent and timing of recovery after early adversity. Child: Care, Health, and Development, 37, 282–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugliese, M., Cohen, N. J., Farnia, F., & Lojkasek, M. (2010). The emerging attachment relationship between adopted Chinese infants and their mothers. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 1719–1728. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (2001). The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire. In J. Toulioatos & B. Perlmutter (Eds.), Handbook of family measurement techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Smyke, A. T., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., Nelson, C. A., & Guthrie, D. (2010). Placement in foster care enhances quality of attachment among young institutionalized children. Child Development, 81, 212–223. doi:10.1111/cdev.2010.81.issue-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spera, C. (2005). A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. Educational Psychology, 17, 125–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an organizational construct. Child Development, 48, 1184–1199. doi:10.2307/1128475
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stams, G. J. M., Juffer, F., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2002). Maternal sensitivity, infant attachment, and temperament in early childhood predict adjustment in middle childhood: The case of adopted children and their biologically unrelated parents. Developmental Psychology, 38, 806−821. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, T. X. (2011). Two-year follow-up of girls adopted from China: Continuity and change in behavioural adjustment. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 16, 14–21. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2010.00560.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, T. X., Camras, L. A., Deng, H., Zhang, M., & Lu, Z. (2012). Family stress, parenting styles, and behavioral adjustment in preschool-age adopted Chinese girls. Early Children Research Quarterly, 27, 128–136. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, T. X., Camras, L. A., & Kim, E. S. (2016). Preadoption adversity and long-term clinical-range behavior problems in adopted Chinese girls. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63, 319–330. doi:10.1037/cou0000138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, T. X., & Marfo, K. (2006). Parental ratings of behavioral adjustment in two samples of adopted Chinese girls: Age-related versus socio-emotional correlates and predictors. Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 14–30. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2005.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, T. X., Marfo, K., & Dedrick, R. F. (2010). Early developmental and psychosocial risks and longitudinal behavioral adjustment outcomes for preschool-age girls adopted from China. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 306–314. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2010.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs. (2016). Intercountry adoption statistics. Retrieved from https://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/about-us/statistics.html
   Google Scholar
• van den Dries, L., Juffer, F., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2009). Fostering security? A meta-analysis of attachment in adopted children. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 410–421. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, E., & Deane, K. E. (1985). Defining and assessing individual differences in attachment relationships: Q-methodology and the organization of behavior in infancy and early childhood. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1–2), 41–65. doi:10.2307/3333826
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir, K. N. (2008). Using integrative play therapy with adoptive families to treat reactive attachment disorder. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 18, 1–16. doi:10.1300/J085v18n04_01
   Google Scholar
• Weir, K. N., Lee, S., Canosa, P., Rodrigues, N., WcWilliams, M., & Parker, L. (2013). Whole family theraplay: Integrating family systems theory and theraplay to treat adoptive families. Adoption Quarterly, 16, 175–200. doi:10.1080/10926755.2013.844216
   Google Scholar
• Weitzman, C. C., & Avni-Singer, R. (2005). Building the bonds of adoption: From separation and deprivation toward integration and continuity. Zero to Three (J), 25, 14−20.
   Google Scholar
• Welsh, J. A., & Viana, A. G. (2012). Developmental outcomes of internationally adopted children. Adoption Quarterly, 15, 241–264. doi:10.1080/10926755.2012.731029
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wimmer, J. S., Vonk, M. E., & Bordnick, P. (2009). A preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of attachment therapy for adopted children with reactive attachment disorder. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26, 351–360. doi:10.1007/s10560-009-0179-8
   Google Scholar