References
- Bonhof , MJ , Overholt , WA , van Huis , A and Polaszek , A. 1997 . Natural enemies of cereal stem borers in East Africa: a review . Insect Sci Appl. , 17 : 18 – 35 .
- Collett , D. 1991 . Modelling binary data , London , , UK : Chapman and Hall .
- Corbett , JD. 1998 . “ Classifying maize production zones in Kenya through multivariate cluster analysis ” . In Maize technology development and transfer: a GIS application for research planning in Kenya , Edited by: Hassan , RM . 15 – 25 . Wallingford , , UK : CAB International .
- De Groote , H , Overholt , W , Ouma , JO and Mugo , S. Assessing the impact of Bt maize in Kenya using a GIS model . Paper presented at: 2003. International Agricultural Economics Conference . Durban , South Africa.
- Godfray , HCJ. 1994 . Parasitoids: behavioural and evolutionary ecology , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Goux , E. 2005 . Caractérisation des habitats sauvages et cultivés des insectes ravageurs des cultures de maïs des localites de Mtito Andei et Suam, au Kenya [dissertation] , Paris , , France : Université de Paris XII .
- Guihéneuf , Y. 2004 . Characterisation of wild and cultivated habitats in two ecological areas in Kenya [dissertation] , Paris , , France : Université de Paris XII .
- Kfir , R. 1998 . “ Maize and grain sorghum: Southern Africa ” . In African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control , Edited by: Polaszek , A . 29 – 37 . Wallingford , , UK : CTA/CABI .
- Kruess , A. 2003 . Effects of landscape structure and habitat type on a plant–herbivore–parasitoid community . Ecography , 26 : 283 – 290 .
- Le Ru , BP , Ong'amo , GO , Moyal , P , Muchugu , E , Ngala , L , Musyoka , B , Abdullah , Z , Matama-Kauma , T , Lada , VY Pallangyo , B . 2006a . Geographic distribution and host plant ranges of East African noctuid stem borers . Ann Soc Entomol Fr. , 42 : 353 – 361 .
- Le Ru , BP , Ong'amo , GO , Moyal , P , Ngala , L , Musyoka , B , Abdullah , Z , Cugala , D , Defabachew , B , Haile , TA Matama-Kauma , T . 2006b . Diversity of lepidopteran stem borers on monocotyledonous plants in eastern Africa and the islands of Madagascar and Zanzibar revisited . Bull Entomol Res. , 96 : 1 – 9 .
- Lindenmayer , D , Hobbs , RJ , Montague-Drake , R , Alexandra , J , Bennett , A , Burgman , M , Cale , P , Calhoun , A , Cramer , V Cullen , P . 2007 . A checklist for ecological management of landscapes for conservation . Ecol Lett. , 10 : 1 – 14 .
- Maes , KVN. 1997 . The taxonomy of lepidopteran cereal stem borers of Africa . Insect Sci Appl. , 17 : 9 – 12 .
- Maes , KVN. 1998 . “ Pyraloidea: Crambidae, Pyralidae ” . In African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control , Edited by: Polaszek , A . 87 – 98 . Wallingford , , UK : CTA/CABI .
- Magurran , AE. 1988 . Ecological diversity and its measurements , Princeton , , NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Magurran , AE. 2004 . Measuring biological diversity , Oxford , , UK : Blackwell Publishing .
- Mailafiya , DM. 2009 . Diversity and ecological preference of parasitoids associated with lepidopteran stem borers in Kenya [PhD thesis] , Nairobi , , Kenya : Kenyatta University .
- Mailafiya , DM , Le Ru , BP , Kairu , EW , Calatayud , P-A and Dupas , S. 2009 . Species diversity of lepidopteran stem borer parasitoids in cultivated and natural habitats in Kenya . J Appl Entomol. , 133 : 416 – 429 .
- Mailafiya , DM , Le Ru , BP , Kairu , EW , Calatayud , P-A and Dupas , S. 2010a . Factors affecting stem borer parasitoid species diversity and parasitism in cultivated and natural habitats . Environ Entomol. , 39 : 57 – 67 .
- Mailafiya , DM , Le Ru , BP , Kairu , EW and Dupas , S. 2010b . Geographic distribution, host range and perennation of Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes Cameron in cultivated and natural habitats in Kenya . Biol Control , 54 : 1 – 8 .
- Mailafiya DM, Le Ru BP, Kairu EW, Dupas S, Calatayud P-A. 2011. Parasitism of lepidopterous stem borers in cultivated and natural habitats. J Insect Sci [Internet]. www.insectscience.org/11.15. (http://www.insectscience.org/11.15.) (Accessed: 14 February 2011 ).
- Matama-Kauma , T , Schulthess , F , Le Ru , BP , Mueke , J , Ogwang , JA and Omwega , CO. 2008 . Abundance and diversity of lepidopterous stem borers and their parasitoids on selected wild grasses in Uganda . Crop Prot. , 27 : 505 – 513 .
- McCullagh , P and Nelder , JA. 1989 . Generalized linear models , London , , UK : Chapman and Hall .
- Ndemah , R , Schulthess , F , Korie , S , Borgemeister , C , Poehling , M and Cardwell , KF. 2003 . Factors affecting infestations of the stalk borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) on maize in the forest zone of Cameroon with special reference to scelionid egg parasitoids . Environ Entomol. , 32 : 1 – 70 .
- Ndemah , R , Schulthess , F , Le Ru , BP and Bame , I. 2007 . Lepidopteran cereal stem borers and associated natural enemies on maize and wild grass hosts in Cameroon . J Appl Entomol. , 131 : 658 – 668 .
- Ndemah , R , Schulthess , F , Poehling , M , Borgemeister , C and Goergen , G. 2001 . Natural enemies of lepidopterous borers on maize and elephant grass . Bull Entomol Res. , 91 : 205 – 212 .
- Nye , IWB. 1960 . The insect pest of graminaceous crops in East Africa . Colonial Res Stud. , 31 : 1 – 48 .
- Onyango , FO and Ochieng-Odero , JPR. 1994 . Continuous rearing of Busseola fusca (Lepidopteran: Noctuidae) on an artificial diet . Entomol Exp Appl. , 73 : 139 – 144 .
- Polaszek , A. 1992 . Cereal stem borers and their parasitoids in Africa . Proc Exper Appl Entomol. , 3 : 70 – 71 .
- Polaszek , A . 1998 . African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control , Wallingford , , UK : CTA/CABI .
- Polaszek , A and Khan , ZR. 1998 . “ Host plants ” . In African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control , Edited by: Polaszek , A . 3 – 10 . Wallingford , , UK : CTA/CABI .
- SAS Institute . 2001 . “ PROC user's manual ” . In Version , 6th , Cary , NC : SAS Institute .
- Schulthess , F , Bosque-Perez , NA , Chabi-Olaye , A , Gounou , S , Ndemah , R and Goergen , G. 1997 . Exchange of natural enemies of lepidopteran cereal stem borers between African regions . Insect Sci Appl. , 17 : 97 – 108 .
- Schulthess , F , Chabi-Olaye , A and Goergen , G. 2001 . Seasonal fluctuations of noctuid stem borers egg parasitism in southern Benin with special reference to Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Telenomus species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on maize . Biocontrol Sci Technol. , 11 : 745 – 757 .
- Seshu Reddy , KV. Integrated approach to the control of sorghum stem borer . Paper presented at: 1985. Proceedings of the International Sorghum Entomology Workshop . Patancheru , India.
- Seshu Reddy , KV. 1998 . “ Maize and Sorghum: East Africa ” . In African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control , Edited by: Polaszek , A . 25 – 27 . Wallingford , , UK : CTA/CABI .
- Thies , C , Roschewitz , I and Tscharntke , T. 2005 . The landscape context of cereal aphid–parasitoid interactions . Proc R Soc B. , 272 : 203 – 210 .
- Tscharntke , T and Brandl , R. 2004 . Plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes . Annu Rev Entomol. , 49 : 405 – 430 .
- Wajnberg , E , Bernstein , C and van Alphen , JJM. 2008 . Behavioural ecology of insect parasitoids: from theoretical approaches to field applications , Oxford , , UK : Blackwell Publishing .
- White , F. 1983 . The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO vegetation map of Africa . Nat Resour Res. , 20 : 1 – 356 .
- Zar , JH. 1999 . Bioststatical analysis , 4th , Upper Saddle River , NJ : Prentice Hall Inc .
- Zhou , G , Baumgartner , J and Overholt , WA. 2001 . Impact assessment of an exotic parasitoid on stem borer (Leidoptera) population dynamics in Kenya . Ecol Appl. , 11 : 1554 – 1562 .
- Zhou , G , Overholt , WA and Kimani-Njogu , SW. 2003 . Species richness and parasitism in assemblage of parasitoids attacking maize stem borer in coastal Kenya . Ecol Entomol. , 28 : 109 – 118 .