3,131
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Wildlife or crop production: the dilemma of conservation and human livelihoods in Serengeti, Tanzania

&
Pages 39-49 | Published online: 04 Aug 2011

References

  • Agrawal , A and Gibson , CC. 1999 . Enchantment and disenchantment: the role of community in natural resource conservation . World Dev. , 27 : 629 – 649 .
  • Baldus , RD and Cauldwell , AE. Tourist hunting and its role in development of wildlife management areas in Tanzania . Paper presented at: 6th International Game Ranching Symposium . Paris , France.
  • Barnes , JI and de Jager , JLV. 1995 . Economic and financial incentives for wildlife use on private land in Namibia and the implications for policy , Windhoek , Namibia : Ministry of Environment and Tourism .
  • Barrett , CB , Reardon , T and Webb , P. 2001 . Nonfarm income diversification and household livelihood strategies in rural Africa: concepts, dynamics, and policy implications . Food Policy. , 26 : 315 – 331 .
  • Boone , RB , Galvin , KA , Thornton , PK and Coughenour , MB. 2006 . Cultivation and conservation in Ngorongoro conservation area . Hum Ecol. , 34 : 809
  • Borge , A. 2003 . Essays on the economics of African wildlife and utilization and management [Dr. Polit. Thesis] . [Trondheim (Norway)]: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU ,
  • Bryceson , I , Havnevik , K , Isinika , A , Jørgensen , I , Melamari , L and Sonvinsen , S. 2005 . Management of natural resources programme; Midterm Review of TAN 092 Phase III (2002–2006) , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania : Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation .
  • Bulte , HE and Horan , RD. 2003 . Habitat conservation, wildlife extraction and agricultural expansion . J Environ Econ Manage. , 45 : 109 – 127 .
  • Campbell , K and Hofer , H. 1995 . “ People and wildlife: spatial dynamics and zones of interaction ” . In Serengeti II: dynamics, management and conservation of an ecosystem , Edited by: Sinclair , ARE and Arcese , P . 534 – 570 . Chicago , IL : The University of Chicago Press .
  • Campbell , LM and Vainio-Mattila , A. 2003 . Participatory development and community-based conservation: opportunities missed for lessons learned? . Hum Ecol. , 31 ( 3 ) : 417 – 437 .
  • Christophersen , K , Hagen , R and Jambiya , A. 2000 . Economic opportunities in the Wami-Mbiki Wildlife Management Area , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania : Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism .
  • Distefano , E. 2005 . Human-wildlife conflict worldwide: collection of case studies, analysis of management strategies and good practices , Rome , , Italy : FAO .
  • Emerton , L and Mfunda , I. 1999 . Making wildlife economically viable for communities living around Western Serengeti, Tanzania , London , , UK : International Institute for Environment .
  • Fall , MW and Jackson , WB. 2002 . The tools and techniques of wildlife damage management-changing needs: an introduction . Int Biodeterior Biodegradation. , 49 ( 2 & 3 ) : 87 – 91 .
  • Gabre-Madhin EZ, Haggblade S. 2004. Successes in African agriculture: results of an expert survey. World Dev. [Internet]. 32(5):745–766; [cited 2003 Nov 4]. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VC6-4BYNMF4-3/2/47934a594f2aaf04358782dda004bf29 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VC6-4BYNMF4-3/2/47934a594f2aaf04358782dda004bf29)
  • Gadd , ME. 2005 . Conservation outside of parks: attitudes of local people in Laikipia, Kenya . Environ Conserv. , 32 ( 1 ) : 50 – 63 .
  • Gibson , CC. 1999 . Politicians and poachers: the political economy of wildlife policy in Africa , Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Gillingham , S and Lee , PC. 2003 . A preliminary assessment of perceived and actual patterns of wildlife crop damage in an area bordering the Selous Game Reserve . Tanzan Oryx. , 37 : 316 – 325 .
  • Hill , CM. 1997 . Crop-raiding by wild vertebrates: the farmer's perspective in an agricultural community in Western Uganda . Int J Pest Manage. , 43 ( 11 ) : 77 – 84 .
  • Hill , CM. 1998 . Conflicting attitudes towards elephants around the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda . Environ Conserv. , 26 : 218 – 228 .
  • Hill , CM. 2000 . Conflict of interest between people and baboons: crop raiding in Uganda . Int J Primatol. , 21 ( 2 ) : 299 – 315 .
  • Hill , CM. 2004 . Farmers’ perspectives of conflict at the wildlife-agriculture boundary: some lessons learned from African subsistence farmers . Hum Dimension Wildl. , 9 : 279 – 286 .
  • Holmern , T. 2007 . Bushmeat hunting in the Western Serengeti: implications for community-based conservation [degree Doctor Philosophiae] , [Trondheim , Norway : Norwegian University of Science and Technology .
  • Holmern , T , Johannesen , AB , Mbaruka , J , Mkama , SY , Muya , J and Røskaft , E. 2004 . Human-wildlife conflicts and hunting in the western Serengeti, Tanzania , Trondheim , Norway : Norwegian Institute of Nature Research .
  • Homewood , K , Lambin , EF , Coast , E , Kariuki , A , Kikula , I , Kivelia , J , Said , M , Serneels , S and Thompson , M. 2001 . Long-term changes in Serengeti-Mara wildebeest and land cover: pastoralism, population, or policies? . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 98 ( 22 ) : 12544 – 12549 .
  • Honey , M. 2008 . Ecotourism and sustainable development: who owns paradise? , 2nd , Washington , DC : Island Press .
  • Iwai , Y. 1997 . Subsistence strategies of households in Robanda village adjacent to Serengeti National Park, Tanzania [MSc thesis] , Kyoto , , Japan : Kyoto University .
  • Johannesen , AB. 2005 . Wildlife conservation policies and incentives to hunt: an empirical analysis of illegal hunting in western Serengeti, Tanzania . Environ Dev Econ. , 10 : 271 – 292 .
  • Kaltenborn , BP , Bjerke , T , Nyahongo , JW and Williams , DR. 2006 . Animal preferences and acceptability of wildlife management actions around Serengeti National Park, Tanzania . Biodivers Conserv. , 15 ( 14 ) : 4633 – 4649 .
  • Kaltenborn , BP , Nyahongo , JW , Kidegesho , JR and Haaland , H. 2008 . Serengeti National Park and its neighbours – do they interact? . J Nat Conserv. , 16 ( 2 ) : 96 – 108 .
  • Kaltenborn , BP , Nyahongo , JW and Mayengo , M. 2003 . People and wildlife interactions around Serengeti National Park, Tanzania , Trondheim , Norway : NINA .
  • Kikula , I , Mnzava , EZ and Mung'ong'o , C. 2003 . Shortcomings of linkages between environmental conservation and poverty alleviation in Tanzania , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania : Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers Ltd .
  • Madhusudan , MD. 2003 . Living amidst large wildlife: livestock and crop depredation by large mammals in the interior villages of Bhadra Tiger Reserve, south India . Environ Manage. , 31 ( 4 ) : 466 – 475 .
  • Messmer , TA. 2000 . The emergence of human-wildlife conflict management: turning challenges into opportunities . Int Biodeterior Biodegradation. , 45 ( 3 & 4 ) : 97 – 102 .
  • Mfunda , I. 2010 . “ Benefit and cost sharing in collaborative wildlife management in eastern and southern Africa: country experiences, lessons and challenges ” . In Conservation of natural resources: some African and Asian examples , Edited by: Gereta , E and Røskaft , E . 166 – 185 . Trondheim , Norway : Tapir Academic Press .
  • Mfunda , IM and Røskaft , E. 2010 . Bushmeat hunting in Serengeti, Tanzania: an important economic activity to local people . Int J Biodivers Conserv. , 2 ( 9 ) : 263 – 272 .
  • Naughton-Treves , L. 1998 . Predicting patterns of crop damage by wildlife around Kibale National Park, Uganda . Conserv Biol. , 12 ( 1 ) : 156 – 168 .
  • Naughton-Treves , L , Treves , A , Chapman , C and Wrangham , R. 1998 . Temporal patterns of crop-raiding by primates: linking food availability in croplands and adjacent forest . J Appl Ecol. , 35 ( 4 ) : 596 – 606 .
  • Nyahongo , JW. 2010 . “ The source-sink concept in the conservation of African ungulates: importance and impact of bushmeat utilization from Serengeti, Tanzania and other protected areas in Africa ” . In Conservation of natural resources: some African and Asian examples , Edited by: Gereta , E and Røskaft , E . 237 – 254 . Trondheim , Norway : Tapir Academic Press .
  • Osborn , FV. 2002 . Capsicum olesresin as an elephant repellent: field trials in the communal lands of Zimbabwe . J Wildl Manage. , 66 ( 3 ) : 674 – 677 .
  • Parry , D and Campbell , BM. 1992 . Attitude of rural communities to animal wildlife and its utilization in Chobe Enclave and Mababe Depression, Botswana . Environ Conserv. , 19 ( 3 ) : 245 – 252 .
  • Patterson , BD , Kasiki , SM , Selempo , E and Kays , RW. 2004 . Livestock predation by lions (Panthera leo) and other carnivores on ranches neighboring Tsavo National Parks, Kenya . Biol Conserv. , 119 ( 4 ) : 507 – 516 .
  • Prins , HHT. 1987 . Nature conservation as an integral part of optimal land use in East Africa: the case of the Masai ecosystem of Northern Tanzania . Biol Conserv. , 40 : 141 – 161 .
  • Rusch , GM , Stokke , S , Røskaft , E , Mwakalebe , G , Wiik , H , Arnemo , JM and Lyamuya , RD. 2005 . Human-wildlife interactions in western Serengeti, Tanzania – effects of land management of migratory routes and mammal populations densities , Trondheim , Norway : NINA .
  • Sachedina , HT. 2006 . Conservation, land rights and livelihood in the Tarangire ecosystem of Tanzania: increasing incentives for non-conservation compatible land use change through conservation policy , Nairobi , Kenya : International Livestock Research Institute .
  • Scheri , LM , Wilson , A , Wild , R , Blockhus , J , Franks , P , McNeely , JA and McShane , TO. 2004 . Can protected areas contribute to poverty reduction? Opportunities and limitations. Gland (Switzerland) , Cambridge , , UK : IUCN .
  • Siex , KS and Struhsaker , TT. 1999 . Ecology of the Zanzibar red colobus monkey: demographic variability and habitat stability . Int J Primatol. , 20 ( 2 ) : 163 – 192 .
  • Sitati , NW , Walpole , MJ and Leader-Williams , N. 2005 . Factors affecting susceptibility of farms to crop raiding by African elephants: using a predictive model to mitigate conflict . J Appl Ecol. , 42 ( 6 ) : 1175 – 1182 .
  • Smith , S and Sender , JB. 1990 . Poverty, gender and wage labor in rural Tanzania . Econ Polit Week. , 25 ( 24 & 25 ) : 1334 – 1342 .
  • Thakadu , OT. 2005 . Success factors in community based natural resources management in northern Botswana: lessons from practice . Nat Resour Forum. , 29 ( 3 ) : 199 – 212 .
  • Thirgood , S , Mosser , A , Tham , S , Hopcraft , G , Mwangomo , E , Mlengeya , T , Kilewo , M , Fryxell , J , Sinclair , ARE and Borner , M. 2004 . Can parks protect migratory ungulates? The case of the Serengeti wildebeest . Anim Conserv. , 7 : 113 – 120 .
  • [URT] United Republic of Tanzania . 1974 . The Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974 , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania : The Gazette of the United Republic of Tanzania .
  • [URT] United Republic of Tanzania . 2006 . Millennium development goals progress report , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania : The Gazette of the United Republic of Tanzania .
  • [URT] United Republic of Tanzania . 2008 . Mara region brief profile and development opportunities , Musoma , Tanzania : The Gazette of the United Republic of Tanzania .
  • Wainwright , C and Wehrmeyer , W. 1998 . Success in integrating conservation and development? A study from Zambia . World Dev. , 26 ( 6 ) : 933 – 944 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.