Bibliography
- 1 Primary Sources
- 1.1 India Office Records (IOR), British Library, London:
- 1.1.1 Political & Secret Department records:
- IOR/L/P&S/7/22: Letters and Enclosures Received from India, 1879
- IOR/L/P&S/7/195: Letters and Enclosures Received from India, 1906
- IOR/L/P&S/10/23: Erection of British flagstaffs at Musandam, 1904–08
- IOR/L/P&S/11/30: Postponement of Decision Regarding Recognition of Na’aimi Shaikh of Hamriyah, 1912
- IOR/L/P&S/11/195: Political and Secret Annual Files, 1921
- IOR/L/P&S/12/1963: Air Route to India (Arab Coast), 1932–47
- IOR/L/P&S/12/3837: Trucial Coast: Oil Concessions; Hinterland Exploration and Survey; Boundaries; includes Trucial Coast surveys, 1937–43
- IOR/L/P&S/20/C243: J.A. Saldanha, Précis of Katar Affairs, 1873–1904 (1904)
- IOR/L/P&S/20/C248C: J.A. Saldanha, Précis of Correspondence Regarding the Affairs of the Persian Gulf, 1801–1853 (1906)
- IOR/L/P&S/20/C248D: J.A. Saldanha, Précis of Correspondence Regarding Trucial Chiefs, 1854–1905 (1906)
- 1.1.2 Sir Lewis Pelly papers:
- Mss Eur F/126/46: Letters to Lewis Pelly from Local Rulers and Sheiks, 1863–70
- 1.1.3 Foreign Department, Government of India records:
- IOR/P/437/67: India, 1866
- IOR/P/763: India, 1872
- 1.1.4 Political Residency in the Persian Gulf records:
- IOR/R/15/1/72: Letters Outward, 1837
- IOR/R/15/1/244: Correspondence Regarding Succession of Chiefs of Ras al Khamia, 1900–30
- IOR/R/15/1/245: Attack on Ajman and Murder of the Chief and Succession, 1900–29
- IOR/R/15/1/252: British Relations with Trucial Shaikhs, 1901–02
- IOR/R/15/1/265: Succession to the Shaikhdom of Umm al-Qaiwain; Succession to the Shaikhdom of Abu Dhabi, 1904–30
- IOR/R/15/1/278: Punishment of the Sheikh of Fujairah, 1925–34
- IOR/R/15/1/284: Correspondence Regarding the Shaikh of Dibba, 1933–8
- IOR/R/15/1/293: Question of Hamriya becoming Independent of Sharjah, 1922–32
- IOR/R/15/1/294: Hamriyah, 1937–48
- IOR/R/15/1/700: Oil in Its Relation to the Middle East, 1940–5
- IOR/R/15/1/711/2: Administration Report of the Persian Gulf Political Residency for the Year 1912
- IOR/R/15/1/714/5: Administration Report of the Persian Gulf Political Residency for the Year 1929
- IOR/R/15/1/731(1): H.M. Government, Historical Summary of Events in the Persian Gulf Shaikhdoms and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, 1928–1953 (1953), known as “P.G. 53”
- 1.1.5 Bahrain Political Agency records:
- IOR/R/15/2/266: Landing Ground and Sea Plane Anchorages, 1935–6
- IOR/R/15/2/623: Recognition of Fujairah as Independent State, 1938–50
- IOR/R/15/2/2015: Delimitation of Trucial State Boundaries and Petroleum Concession Limited's Concession Areas on the Trucial Coast, 1947–50
- 1.1.6 Trucial Coast Residency Agency records:
- IOR/R/15/4/3: Boundaries, 1934–49
- 1.1.7 Muscat Political Agency records:
- IOR/R/15/6/222: Claim of Independence by Khor Fakhan and Dhibba Shaikhs, 1910
- 1.2 The National Archives (TNA), London:
- 1.2.1 Admiralty records:
- ADM 1/24431: Assassination of Ruler of Kalba, 1951–2
- 1.2.2 Air Ministry records:
- AIR 2/1612: Persian Gulf: Future Policy, 1934–6
- 1.2.3 Foreign Office records:
- FO 371/82032: Recognition of Shaikh Hamad as Ruler of Kalba; Recognition of Independence of Shaikh of Fujairah; Other Claims by Various Trucial Shaikhdoms, 1950
- FO 371/82011: Settlement of Sovereignty among the Tribes of Muscat and Oman, 1950
- FO 371/98356: HMG Recognition of Shaikh of Fujairah as the Eighth Trucial Shaikh; Protest by Ruler of Sharjah, 1952
- FO 371/140068: Internal Political Situation in Countries of Persian Gulf, 1959
- FO 371/148896: Persian Gulf: Annual Reviews for 1959
- FO 371/179901: Annual Review for 1964
- FO 1016/194: Ras al Khaimah; Shaam; Bakha-Rams dispute, 1952
- 2 Secondary Sources
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- Aitchison, Charles Umpherston, A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads relating to India and Neighbouring Countries 11: Treaties and Engagements relating to Arabian and the Persian Gulf ( 1933; reprinted by Archive Editions, 1987).
- Anghie, Antony, “Western Discourses of Sovereignty”, Sovereignty: Frontiers of Possibility, edited by Julie Evans, Ann Genovese, Alexander Reilly and Patrick Wolfe (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2013).
- Balfour-Paul, Glen, The End of Empire in the Middle East: Britain’s Relinquishment of Power in her last three Arab Dependencies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
- Butti, Obaid A., Imperialism, Tribal Structure, and the Development of Ruling Elites: A Socioeconomic History of the Trucial States Between 1892 and 1939, PhD dissertation (Georgetown University, Washington DC, 1992).
- Davidson, Christopher M., The United Arab Emirates: A Study in Survival (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2005).
- Davies, Charles E., The Blood-Red Arab Flag: An Investigation into Qasimi Piracy, 1797–1820 (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1997).
- Heard-Bey, Frauke, From Tribe to State: The Transformation of Political Structure in Five States of the GCC (Milan: Università Cattolica, 2008).
- Heard-Bey, Frauke, From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates: A Society in Transition, 2nd edn (London: Longman, 1996).
- Heard, David, From Pearls to Oil: How the Oil Industry came to the United Arab Emirates (Dubai: Motivate, 2011).
- Hightower, Victoria Penziner, “Pearling and Political Power in the Trucial States, 1850–1930: Debts, Taxes, and Politics”, Journal of Arabian Studies 3.2 (2013), pp. 215–31. doi: 10.1080/21534764.2013.863679
- Kazim, Aqil, The United Arab Emirates A.D. 600 to the Present: A Socio-Discursive Transformation in the Arabian Gulf (Dubai: Gulf Book Centre, 2000).
- Kelly, John Barrett, Britain and the Persian Gulf 1795–1880 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968).
- Krasner, Stephen D., “Problematic Sovereignty”, Problematic Sovereignty: Contested Rules and Poltical Possibilities, edited by Stephen D. Krasner (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001).
- Lienhardt, Peter, Shaikhdoms of Eastern Arabia, edited by Ahmed Al-Shahi (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001).
- Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Omān, and Central Arabia 1: Historical, edited by Richard Lockington Birdwood ( 1915, reprinted by Gregg, 1970).
- Mattair, Thomas R., The Three Occupied UAE Islands: The Tunbs and Abu Musa (Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 2005).
- Moyse-Bartlett, Hubert, The Pirates of Trucial Oman (London: Macdonald, 1966).
- Onley, James, “Britain and the Gulf Shaikhdoms, 1820–1971: The Politics of Protection”, CIRS Occasional Paper 4, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar, 2009, available online at https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/558294/CIRSOccasionalPaper4JamesOnley2009.pdf
- Onley, James, “The Politics of Protection in the Gulf: The Arab Rulers and the British Resident in the Nineteenth Century”, New Arabian Studies 6 (2004), pp. 30–92.
- Onley, James and Sulayman Khalaf, “Shaikhly Authority in the Pre-Oil Gulf: An Historical-Anthropological Study”, History and Anthropology 17.3 (2006), pp. 189–208. doi: 10.1080/02757200600813965
- Peterson, J.E. (John Everett), “Tribes and Politics in Eastern Arabia”, Middle East Journal 31.3 (1977), pp. 297–312.
- Taryam, Abdullah Omran, The Establishment of the United Arab Emirates 1950–85 (London: Croom Helm, 1987).
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- Wilkinson, John C., Arabia’s Frontiers: The Story of Britain’s Boundary Drawing in the Desert (London: I.B. Tauris, 1991).
- Wilkinson, John C., “The Oman Question: The Background to the Political Geography of South-East Arabia”, The Geographical Journal 137.3 (1971), pp. 361–71. doi: 10.2307/1797273
- Zahlan, Rosemarie Said, The Origins of the United Arab Emirates: A Political and Social History of the Trucial States (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1978).