Experience as event: event cognition and the study of (religious) experiences

References

• Agnati, L. F., Guidolin, D., Battistin, L., Pagnoni, G., & Fuxe, K. (2013). The neurobiology of imagination: Possible role of interaction-dominant dynamics and default mode network. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(296). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, M., Schjoedt, U., Nielbo, K. L., & Sørensen, J. (2014). Mystical experience in the lab. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, 26, 217–245. doi: 10.1163/15700682-12341323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anscombe, G. E. M. (1959). Intention. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Asprem, E. (in press). How Schrödinger’s cat became a zombie: The epidemiology of science-based representations in popular and religious contexts. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, 28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asprem, E. (2015). Reverse-engineering esotericism: How to prepare a complex cultural concept for the cognitive science of religion. Religion. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2015.1072589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atran, S. (2002). In gods we trust: The evolutionary landscape of religion. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bar, M. (2009). Predictions: A universal principle in the operation of the human brain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1521), 1181–1182. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, H. C. and Kurzban, R. (2006). Modularity in cognition: Framing the debate. Psychological Review, 113(3), 628–647. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.113.3.628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, J. L. (2004). Why would anyone believe in god? Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, J. L. (2008). Coding and quantifying counterintuitiveness in religious concepts: Theoretical and methodological reflections. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, 20, 308–338. doi: 10.1163/157006808X371806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, J. L. (2011). Cognitive science of religion: Looking back, looking forward. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50(2), 229–239. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01564.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, J. L., Burdett, E., & Porter, T. J. (2009). Counterintuitiveness in folktales: Finding the cognitive optimum. The Journal of Cognition and Culture, 9, 271–287. doi: 10.1163/156770909X12489459066345
   Google Scholar
• Beaney, M. (2015). “Analysis.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Spring 2015 edition.
   Google Scholar
• Boyer, P. (1994). The naturalness of religious ideas: A cognitive theory of religion. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boyer, P. (2001). Religion explained: The evolutionary origins of religious thought. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Boyer, P., & Bergstrom, B. (2008). Evolutionary perspectives on religion. Annual Review of Anthropology, 37, 111–130. doi: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.37.081407.085201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer, P., & Liénard, P. (2006). Why ritualized behavior? Precaution systems and action parsing in developmental, pathological and cultural rituals. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29(6), 1–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(3), 233–253. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X12002440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corlett, P. R., Frith, C. D. & Fletcher, P. C. (2009) From drugs to deprivation: A Bayesian framework for understanding models of psychosis. Psychopharmacology, 206(4), 515–530. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1561-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1994). Origins of domain specificity: The evolution of functional organization. In L. Hirschfeld & S. A. Gelman (Eds.), Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture, (pp. 85–116). Cambridge, New York, and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• van Dijk, T. A., & Kintsch, W. (1983). Strategies in discourse comprehension. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Durkheim, É. (1995). The elementary forms of the religious life. Translation and Introduction by Karen E. Fields. New York: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• van Elk, M., Lenggenhager, B., Heydrich, L., & Blanke, O. (2014). Suppression of the auditory N1-component for heartbeat-related sounds reflects interoceptive predictive coding. Biological Psychology, 99, 172–182. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fessler, D. M. T. (2006). Contextual features of problem-solving and social learning give rise to spurious associations, the raw materials for the evolution of rituals. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29(6), 23–24. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X06009381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friston, K. (2005). A theory of cortical responses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360, 815–836. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2005.1622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friston, K. (2009). The free-energy principle: A rough guide to the brain? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(7), 293–301. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granqvist, P., Fredrikson, M., Unge, P., Hagenfeldt, A., Valind, S., Larhammer, D., & Larsson, M. (2005). Sensed presence and mystical experiences are predicted by suggestibility, not by the application of transcranial weak complex magnetic fields. Neuroscience Letters, 379, 1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory, J., & Barrett, J. (2009). Epistemology and counterintuitiveness: Role and relationship in epidemiology of cultural representations. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 9(3), 289–314. doi: 10.1163/156770909X12489459066381
   Google Scholar
• Hohwy, J., Roepstorff, A., & Friston, K. (2008). Predictive coding explains binocular rivalry: An epistemological review. Cognition, 108(3), 687–701. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. & Rao, R. (2011). Predictive coding. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 2, 580–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Kosslyn, S. M., Thompson, W. L., & Ganis, G. (2006). The case for mental imagery. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kurby, C. A., & Zacks, J. M. (2008). Segmentation in the perception and memory of events. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 72–79. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson, E. T., & McCauley, R. N. (1990). Rethinking religion: Connecting cognition and culture. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Luhrmann, T. M. (2012). When god talks back: Understanding the American evangelical relationship with God. New York: Vintage Books.
   Google Scholar
• Luhrmann, T. M. (2013). Building on William James: The role of learning in religious experience. In D. Xygalatas & W. W. McCorkle, Jr (Eds.), Mental culture: Classical social theory and the cognitive science of religion (pp. 145–163). Durham: Acumen.
   Google Scholar
• Luhrmann, T. M., & Morgain, R. (2012). Prayer as inner sense cultivation: An attentional learning theory of spiritual experience. Ethos, 40(4), 359–389. doi: 10.1111/j.1548-1352.2012.01266.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhrmann, T. M., Nusbaum, H., & Thisted, R. (2010). The absorption hypothesis: Learning to hear god in evangelical Christianity. American Anthropologist, 112(1), 66–78. doi: 10.1111/j.1548-1433.2009.01197.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malle, B. (2004). How the mind explains behavior: Folk explanations, meaning, and social interaction. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Malle, B. (2005). Folk theory of mind: Conceptual foundations of human social cognition. In R. R. Hassin, J. S. Uleman, & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The new unconscious (pp. 225–255). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McCauley, R. N. (2011). Why religion is natural and science is not. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McCauley, R. N., & Cohen, E. (2010). Cognitive science and the naturalness of religion. Philosophy Compass, 5(9), 779–792. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-9991.2010.00326.x
   Google Scholar
• McCauley, R. N., & Lawson, T. (2002). Bringing ritual to mind: Psychological foundations of cultural forms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Metzinger, T. (2009). Why are out-of-body experiences interesting for philosophers? The theoretical relevance of OBE research. Cortex, 45, 256–258. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moors, A., Ellsworth, P. C., Scherer, K. R., & Frijda, N. H. (2013). Appraisal theories of emotion: State of the art and future development. Emotion Review, 5(2), 119–124. doi:10.1177/175407391246816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielbo, K.L., & Sørensen, J. (2011). Spontaneous processing of functional and non-functional action sequences. Religion, Brain & Behavior, 1(1), 18–30. doi: 10.1080/2153599X.2010.550722
   Google Scholar
• Nielbo, K.L., & Sørensen, J. (2013). Prediction error in functional and non-functional action sequences: A computational exploration of a behavioral experiment. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 13(3–14), 347–365. doi: 10.1163/15685373-12342098
   Google Scholar
• Noll, R. (1985). Mental imagery cultivation as a cultural phenomenon: The role of visions in shamanism. Current Anthropology, 26, 443–461.
   Google Scholar
• Norenzayan, A., Gervais, W. M., & Trzeniewski, K. H. (2012). Mentalizing deficits constrain belief in a personal god. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e36880. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persinger, M. (2002). Experimental simulation of the god experience: Implications for religious beliefs and the future of the human species. In R. Joseph (Ed.), Neurotheology: Brain, science, spirituality, religious experience (pp. 279–292). San Jose, California: University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Proudfoot, W. (1985). Religious experience. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Proudfoot, W., & Shaver, P. (1975). Attribution theory and the psychology of religion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 14(4), 317–330. doi: 10.2307/1384404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radvansky, G., & Copeland, D. E. (2000). Functionality and spatial relations in situation models. Memory and Cognition, 29, 1150–1156.
   Google Scholar
• Radvansky, G., & Zacks, J. M. (2011). Event perception. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 2, 608–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radavansky, G., & Zacks, J. M. (2014). Event cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ranganath, C., & Ritchey, M. (2012). Two cortical systems for memory-guided behaviour. Nature Reviews – Neuroscience, 13(10), 713–726. doi: 10.1038/nrn3338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roepstorff, A., Niewöhner, J., & Beck, S. (2010). Enculturing brains through patterned practices. Neural Networks, 23(8–9), 1051–1059. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2010.08.00
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks, Oliver. (2012). Hallucinations. New York: Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Scherer, K. R. (2001). The nature and study of appraisal: A review of the issues. In K. R. Scherer, A. Shorr, & T. Johnstone (eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 369–391). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schjoedt, U., Sørensen, J., Nielbo, K. L., Xygalatas, D., Mitkidis, P., Bulbulia, J. (2013). Cognitive resource depletion in religious interactions. Religion, Brain, & Behavior, 3.1, 29–86.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, M. (2013). Corollary discharge provides the sensory content of inner speech. Psychological Science. doi:10.1177/0956797613478614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seth, A. K., Suzuki, K., & Critchley, H. D. (2012). An interoceptive predictive coding model of conscious presence. Frontiers in Psychology, 2(395). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slingerland, E., & Collard, M. (Eds.). (2011). Creating consilience: Integrating the sciences and the humanities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Slone, J. (2004). Theological incorrectness: Why religious people believe what they shouldn’t. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sørensen, J. (2007). A cognitive theory of magic. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sørensen, J., Lienard, P., & Feeny, C. (2006). Agent and instrument in judgments of ritual efficacy. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 2(3), 183–193.
   Google Scholar
• Spelke, E. S., & Kinzler, K. D. (2007). Core knowledge. Developmental Science, 10(1), 89–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00569.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperber, D. (1996). Explaining culture: A naturalistic approach. Oxford & Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Sperber, D. & Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and cognition. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Sperber, D. & Wilson, D. (1997). The mapping between the mental and the public lexicon. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics, 9, 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Spilka, B., Shaver, P., and Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1985). A general attribution theory for the psychology of religion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 24(1), 1–20. doi: 10.2307/1386272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swallow, K. M., Zacks, J. M., & Abrams, R. A. (2009). Event boundaries in perception affect memory encoding and updating. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 138, 236–257. doi: 10.1037/a0015631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swallow, K. M., Barch, D. M., Head, D., Maley, C. J., Holder, D., & Zacks, J. M. (2011). Changes in events alter how people remember recent information. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 1052–1064. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taves, A. (2009). Religious experience reconsidered: A building-block approach to the study of religion and other special things. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taves, A. (2013). Building blocks of sacralities: A new basis for comparison across cultures and religions. In R.F. Paloutzian and C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (2nd ed., pp. 138–161). New York: Guildford.
   Google Scholar
• Taves, A. (2014). ‘Magical thinking’ and the emergence of new social movements: Cognitive aspects of reformation Era debates over ritual efficacy. Journal of Cognitive Historiography, 1(2), 1–25. doi: 10.1558/jch.v1i2.17275
   Google Scholar
• Taves, A. (2015). Reverse engineering complex cultural concepts: Identifying building blocks of ‘religion’. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 15, 191–216. doi: 10.1163/15685373-12342146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taves, A. (in press). Revelatory events: Three case studies of the emergence of new spiritual paths. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taves, A., & Harper, S. (2016). Joseph Smith’s first vision: New methods for the analysis of experience-related texts. Mormon Studies Review, 3, 53–84. doi: 10.18809/msr.2016.0107
   Google Scholar
• Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1992). The psychological foundations of culture. In J. H. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, pp. 19–136. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whitehouse, H. (2004). Modes of religiosity: A cognitive theory of religious transmission. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whitehouse, H. & Lanman, J. A. (2014). The ties that bind us: Ritual, fusion, and identification. Current Anthropology, 55(6), 674–695. doi: 10.1086/678698
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacks, J.M., Kumar, S., Abrams, R. A., & Mehta, R. (2009). Using movement and intentions to understand human activity. Cognition, 112, 201–216. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacks, J. M., Speer, N. K., Swallow, K. M., Braver, T. S., & Reynolds, J. R. (2007). Event perception: A mind-brain perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 133(2), 273–293. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacks, J. M., & Tversky, B. (2001). Event structure in perception and conception. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 3–21. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar