A brief natural history of the orgasm

References

• Adler NT. 1969. The effect of males’ copulatory behaviour on successful pregnancy of the female rat. J Comp Phys. 69:613.
   Google Scholar
• Adler NT, Zoloth SR. 1970. Copulatory behaviour can inhibit pregnancy in female rats? Science. 168:1480–1482. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3938.1480
   Google Scholar
• Alcock J. 1987. Ardent adaptation. Nat Hist. 96:4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen ML, Lemon WB. 1981. Orgasm in female primates. Am J Primatol. 1:15–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350010104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alonzo SH, Stiver KA, Marsh-Rollo SE. 2016. Ovarian fluid allows directional cryptic female choice despite external fertilization. Nat Commun. 7:2452. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12452
   Google Scholar
• Annavi G, Newman C, Dugdale HL, Buesching CD, Sin YW, Burke T, Macdonald DW. 2014. Neighbouring-group composition and within-group relatedness drive extra–group paternity rate in the European badger Meles meles. J Evol Biol. 27:2191–2203. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12473
   Google Scholar
• Arnqvist G. 1998. Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection. Nature. 393:784–786. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/31689
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balcombe J. 2009. Animal pleasure and its moral significance. App Anim Behav Sci. 118:212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.012
   Google Scholar
• Ball GF, Balthazart J. 2011. Sexual arousal, is it for mammals only? Horm Behav. 59:645–655. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.11.001
   Google Scholar
• Bancroft J. 2005. The endocrinology of sexual arousal. J End. 186:411–427. doi: https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlin S, Qu L, Ellegren H. 2008. Adaptive evolution of gamete-recognition proteins in birds. J Mol Evol. 67:488–496. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-008-9165-6
   Google Scholar
• Berman JR, Berman L, Goldstein I. 1999. Female sexual dysfunction, incidence, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment options. Urology. 54:385–391. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00230-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berridge KC, Kringelbach ML. 2015. Pleasure systems in the brain. Neuron. 86:646–664. 101016/jneuron201502018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertin A, Fairbairn DJ. 2005. One tool, many uses: precopulatory sexual selection on genital morphology in Aquarius remigis. J Evol Biol. 18:949–961. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00913.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brindle M, Opie C. 2016. Postcopulatory sexual selection influences baculum evolution in primates and carnivores. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 283:20161736. 101098/rspb20161736
   Google Scholar
• Brown RE. 1974. Sexual arousal, the Coolidge effect and dominance in the rat Rattus norvegicus. Anim Behav. 22:634–637. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(74)80009-6
   Google Scholar
• Bruford MW, Jordan WC. 1998. New perspectives on mate choice and the MHC. Heredity. 81:127–133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00428.x
   Google Scholar
• Burton F. 1971. Sexual climax in female Macaca mulatta. Proc 3rd Int Congr Primat Zurich. 3:180–191.
   Google Scholar
• Cabanac M. 1971. Physiological role of pleasure. Science. 173:1103–1107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.173.4002.1103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman T, Arnqvist G, Bangham J, Rowe L. 2003. Sexual conflict. Trends Ecol Evol. 18:41–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(02)00004-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chevalier-Skolnikoff S. 1974. Male–female, female–female, and male–male sexual behavior in the stumptail monkey, with special attention to the female orgasm. Archiv Sex Behav. 3:95. 101007/BF01540994
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cibrian-Llandera Tl, Tecamachaltzi-Silvaran M, Triana-Del DR, Pfaus JG, Manzo J, Coria-Avila GA. 2010. Clitoral stimulation modulates appetitive sexual behavior and facilitates reproduction in rats. Physiol Behav. 100:148–153. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.02.015
   Google Scholar
• Cooke SJ, McKinley RS, Philipp DP. 2001. Physical activity and behavior of a centrarchid fish. Micropterus Salmoides Lacépède, during spawning. Ecol Freshwater Fish. 10:227–237. 101034/j1600–06332001100405x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coolen LM, Olivier B, Peters HJ, Veening JG. 1997. Demonstration of ejaculation-induced neural activity in the male rat brain using 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT. Physiol Behav. 62:881–891. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(97)00258-8
   Google Scholar
• Crews D. 1982. On the origin of sexual behaviour. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 7:259–270. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4530(82)90030-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dagg AI. 1984. Homosexual behaviour and female-male mounting in mammals – a first survey. Mammal Rev. 14:155–185. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1984.tb00344.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denk AG, Holzmann A, Peters A, Vermeirssen ELM, Kempenaers B. 2005. Paternity in mallards: effects of sperm quality and female sperm selection for inbreeding avoidance. Behav Ecol. 16:825. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ari065
   Google Scholar
• Deschner T, Heistermann M, Hodges K, Boesch C. 2004. Female sexual swelling size, timing of ovulation, and male behavior in wild West African chimpanzees. Horm Behav. 46:204–215. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.03.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Waal F. 2011. Le singe en nous, Fayard/Pluriel, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Eklund AC. 1998. Use of MHC for mate choice in wild house mice Mus domesticus. Genetica. 104:245–248. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026417522110
   Google Scholar
• Ellsworth RM, Bailey DH. 2013. Human female orgasm as evolved signal: a test of two hypotheses. Arch Sex Behav. 42:1545–1554. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0152-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erskine MS, Kornberg E, Cherry JA. 1989. Paced copulation in rats: effects of intromission frequency and duration on luteal activation and estrous length. Physiol Behav. 45:33–39. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(89)90163-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick JL, Evans JP. 2014. Post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance in guppies. J Evol Biol. 27:2585–2594. Epub 2014 Dec 4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischman DS. 2016. An evolutionary behaviorist perspective on orgasm. Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol. 6:32130. doi: https://doi.org/10.3402/snp.v6.32130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox CA, Fox BA. 1971. A comparative study of coital physiology, with special reference to the sexual climax. J Rep Fert. 24:319–336. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0240319
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox CA, Wolff HS, Baker JA. 1970. Measurement of intra-vaginal and intra-uterine pressures during human coitus by radio-telemetry. J Rep Fert. 22:243–251. doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0220243
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gasparini C, Pilastro A. 2011. Cryptic female preference for genetically unrelated males is mediated by ovarian fluid in the guppy. Proc Biol Sci. 278:2495–2501.doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2369
   Google Scholar
• Gasparini C, Simmons LW, Beveridge M, Evans JP. 2010. Sperm swimming velocity predicts competitive fertilization success in the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri. PLoS One. 5:e12146. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012146
   Google Scholar
• Gillingham MAF, Richardson DS, Løvlie H, Moynihan A, Worley K, Pizzari T. 2009. Cryptic preference for MHC-dissimilar females in male red junglefowl, Gallus Gallus. Proc R Soc B. 276:1083–1092. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1549
   Google Scholar
• Goetz AT, Shackelford TK, Platek SM, Starratt VG, McKibbin WF. 2007. Sperm competition in humans: implications for male sexual psychology, physiology, anatomy, and behaviour. Ann Rev Sex Res. 18(1).
   Google Scholar
• Gould SJ. 1987. Freudian slip. Nat Hist. 96:14–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould SJ, Vrba ES. 1982. Exaptation – a missing term in the science of form. Paleobiol. 8:4–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300004310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross MR, Charnov EL. 1980. Alternative male life histories in bluegill sunfish. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 77:6937–6940. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.11.6937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grueter CC, Stoinski TS. 2016. Homosexual behavior in female mountain gorillas: reflection of dominance, affiliation, reconciliation or arousal? PLoS ONE. 11(5):e0154185. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haake P, Schedlowski M, Exton MS, Giepen C, Hartmann U, Osterheider M, Flesch M, Janssen OE, Leygraf N, Krüger THC. 2003. Acute neuroendocrine response to sexual stimulation in sexual offenders. Can J Psychol. 48:265–271.
   Google Scholar
• Health D. 1984. An investigation into the origins of a copious vaginal discharge during intercourse, ‘enough to wet the bed’ that ‘is not urine’. J Sex Res. 20:194–210. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498409551217
   Google Scholar
• Heeb MM, Yahr P. 1996. . c-Fos immunoreactivity in the sexually dimorphic area of the hypothalamus and related brain regions of male gerbils after exposure to sex-related stimuli or performance of specific sexual behaviors. Neuroscience. 72:1049–1071. [PubMed: 8735229]. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(95)00602-8
   Google Scholar
• Heistermann M, Ziegler T, van Schaik CP, Launhardt K, Winkler P, Hodges JK. 2001. Loss of oestrus, concealed ovulation and paternity confusion in free-ranging Hanuman langurs. Proc Biol Sci R Soc B. 268:2445–2451. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1833
   Google Scholar
• Helmstetter AJ, Papadopulos AS, Igea J, Van Dooren TJ, Leroi AM, Savolainen V. 2016. Viviparity stimulates diversification in an order of fish. Nat Commun. 7:11271. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houck LD, Schwenk H. 1984. The potential for long-term sperm competition in a Plethodontid salamander. Herpetologica. 40:410–415. wwwjstororg/stable/3892093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrdy SB. 1979. Infanticide among animals, a review, classification, and examination of the implications for the reproductive strategies of females. Ethol Sociobiol. 1:13–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(79)90004-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrdy SB. 1996. The evolution of female orgasms: logic please but no atavism. Anim Behav. 52:851–852. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huyunh HK, Willemsen ATM, Holstege G. 2013. Female orgasm but not male ejaculation activates the pituitary A PET neuro-imaging study. NeuroImage. 76:178–182. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.012
   Google Scholar
• Kalinka AT. 2015. How did viviparity originate and evolve? Of conflict, co-option, and cryptic choice. BioEssays. 37:721–731. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201400200
   Google Scholar
• King R, Dempsey M, Valentine KA. 2016. Measuring sperm backflow following female orgasm: a new method. Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol. 1927. 103402/snpv631927.
   Google Scholar
• Knott CD, Thompson ME, Stumpf RM, McIntyre MH. 2010. Female reproductive strategies in orangutans, evidence for female choice and counterstrategies to infanticide in a species with frequent sexual coercion. Proc Roy Soc B: Biol Sci. 277:105–113. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1552
   Google Scholar
• Kollack-Walker S, Newman SW. 1997. Mating-induced expression of c-fos in the male Syrian hamster brain: role of experience, pheromones, and ejaculations. J Neurobiol. 1997(32):481–501. [PubMed: 9110260]. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(199705)32:5<481::AID-NEU4>3.0.CO;2-1
   Google Scholar
• Komisaruk BR, Whipple B, Crawford A, Grimes S, Liu WC, Kalnin A, Mosier C. 2004. Brain activation during vaginocervical self-stimulation and orgasm in women with complete spinal cord injury: fMRI evidence of mediation by the vagus nerves. Brain Res. 1024:77–88. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korda JB, Goldstein SW, Sommer F. 2010. Sexual medicine history: the history of female ejaculation. J Sex Med. 7:1965–1975. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01720.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krüger TH, Haake P, Hartmann U, Schedlowski M, Exton MS. 2002. Orgasm-induced prolactin secretion: feedback control of sexual drive? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 26:31–44. PMID, 11835982. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7634(01)00036-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester GL, Gorzalka BB. 1988. Effect of novel and familiar mating partners on the duration of sexual receptivity in the female hamster. Behav Neural Biol. 49:398–405. PMID 3408-3449 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-1047(88)90418-9
   Google Scholar
• Levin R. 2002. The physiology of sexual arousal in the human female, a recreational and pro-creational synthesis. Arch Sex Behav. 31:405–411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019836007416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin RJ. 2011. Can the controversy about the putative role of the human female orgasm in sperm transport be settled with our current physiological knowledge of coitus? J Sex Med. 8:1566–1578. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02162.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodé T. 1991. Conspecific recognition and mating in stone marten Martes foina. Acta Theriol. 36:275–283. doi: https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.91-28
   Google Scholar
• Lodé T. 2001. Mating system and genetic variance in a polygynous mustelid, the European polecat. Genes Gen Syst. 76:221–227. doi: https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.76.221
   Google Scholar
• Lodé T. 2011. Sex is not a solution for reproduction: the libertine bubble theory. BioEssays. 33:419–422. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201000125
   Google Scholar
• Lodé T. 2012a. Have sex or not? Lessons from bacteria. Sex Dev. 6:325–328. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000342879
   Google Scholar
• Lodé T. 2012b. Oviparity or viviparity? That is the question. Reprod Biol. 12:259–264. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2012.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodé T. 2013. Adaptive significance and long-term survival of asexual lineages. Evol Biol. 40:450–460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9219-y
   Google Scholar
• Loonen AJM, Ivanova SA. 2015. Circuits regulating pleasure and happiness: the evolution of reward-seeking and misery-fleeing behavioral mechanisms in vertebrates. Front Neurosci. 9:394. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Løvlie H, Gillingham MA, Worley K, Pizzari T, Richardson DS. 2013. Cryptic female choice favours sperm from major histocompatibility complex-dissimilar males. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 280:1296. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1296
   Google Scholar
• MacFarlane GR, Blomberg SP, Vasey PL. 2010. Homosexual behaviour in birds: frequency of expression is related to parental care disparity between the sexes. Anim Behav. 80:375–390. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.05.009
   Google Scholar
• Masters WH, Johnson VE. 1966. Human sexual response. Boston: Little Brown.
   Google Scholar
• Mautz BS, Wong BB, Peters RA, Jennions MD. 2013. Penis size interacts with body shape and height to influence male attractiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 110:6925–6930. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219361110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meston CM, Levin RJ, Sipski ML, Hull EM, Heiman JR. 2004. Women’s orgasm. Annu Rev Sex Res. 15:173–257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moalem S, Reidenberg JS. 2009. Does female ejaculation serve an antimicrobial purpose? Med Hyp. 73:1069–1071. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.024
   Google Scholar
• Murai T. 2006. Mating behaviors of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Am J Primatol. 68:832–837. PMID: 16847976. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20266
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura M. 1998. Multiple mating and cooperative breeding in polygynandrous alpine accentors. I. Competition among females. Anim Behav. 55:259–275. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunn CL. 1999. The evolution of exaggerated sexual swellings in primates and the graded-signal hypothesis. Anim Behav. 58:229–246. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1159
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Connell LA, Hofmann HA. 2011. The vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: a comparative synthesis. J Compar Neurol. 519:3599–3639. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.22735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson M, Shine R, Madsen T, Gullberg A, Tegelstrom H. 1996. Sperm selection by females. Nature. 383:585. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/383585a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagel M. 1994. The evolution of conspicuous oestrous advertisement in old world monkeys. Anim Behav. 47:1333–1341. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1181
   Google Scholar
• Pavlicev M, Wagner G. 2016. The evolutionary origin of female orgasm. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol. 326B:326–337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22690
   Google Scholar
• Penn PJ. 2002. The scent of genetic compatibility: sexual selection and the major histocompatibility complex. Ethology. 108:1–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2002.00768.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersson E, Jarvi T. 2001. ‘False orgasm’ in female brown trout: trick or treat? Anim Behav. 61:497–501. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1585
   Google Scholar
• Pfaus JG, Scardochio T, Parada M, Gerson C, Quintana GR, Coria-Avila GA. 2016. Do rats have orgasms? Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol. 6:3402. 103402/snpv631883.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prause N. 2011. The human female orgasm: critical evaluations of proposed psychological sequelae. Sex Relat Ther. 26:315–328. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2011.651452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice WR. 2000. Dangerous liaisons. PNAS. 97:12953–12955. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.24.12953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridgway MS, Goff GP, Keenleyside HA. 1989. Courtship and spawning behavior in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui). Am Midl Nat. 122:209–213. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2425905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosengrave P, Taylor H, Montgomerie R, Metcalf V, McBride K, Gemmell N. 2008. Chemical composition of seminal and ovarian fluids of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and their effects on sperm motility traits. Comp Bioch Phys A: Mol Int Phys. 152:123–129. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.09.009
   Google Scholar
• Rowe M, Albrecht T, Cramer ER, Johnsen A, Laskemoen T, Weir TJ, Lifjeld JT. 2015. Postcopulatory sexual selection is associated with accelerated evolution of sperm morphology. Evolution. 69:1044–1052. Epub2015 Mar 21 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12620
   Google Scholar
• Santos FCA, Taboga SR. 2006. Female prostate: a review about the biological repercussions of this gland in humans and rodents. Anim Rep. 3:3–18.
   Google Scholar
• Schoroder I. 1993. Concealed ovulation and clandestine copulation, a female contribution to human evolution. Ethol Sociobiol. 14:381–389. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(93)90026-E
   Google Scholar
• Scofield VL, Schlumpberger JM, West LA, Weissman IL. 1982. Protochordate allorecognition is controlled by a MHC-like gene system. Nature. 295:499–502. 101038/295499a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setchell JM, Vaglio S, Abbott KM, Moggi-Cecchi J, Boscaro F, Pieraccini G, Knapp LA. 2011. Odour signals major histocompatibility complex genotype in an old world monkey. Proc Roy Soc B: Biol Sci. 278:274–280. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0571
   Google Scholar
• Sherlock JM, Sidari MJ, Harris EA, Barlow FK, Zietsch BP. 2016. Testing the mate-choice hypothesis of the female orgasm: disentangling traits and behaviours. Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol. 6:31562. doi: https://doi.org/10.3402/snp.v6.31562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skarstein F, Folstad I, Liljedal S, Grahn M. 2005. MHC and fertilization success in the Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 57:374–380. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-004-0860-z
   Google Scholar
• Swanson WJ, Vacquier VD. 2002. The rapid evolution of reproductive proteins. Nat Rev Gen. 3:137–144. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg733
   Google Scholar
• Symons D. 1979. The evolution of human sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tenk CM, Wilson H, Zhang Q, Pitchers KK, Coolen LM. 2009. Sexual reward in male rats: effects of sexual experience on conditioned place preferences associated with ejaculation and intromissions. Horm Behav. 55:93–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.08.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tepper SL, Jagirdar J, Heath D, Geller SA. 1984. Homology between the female paraurethral Skene’s glands and the prostate immunohistochemical demonstration. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 108:423–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornhill R, Gangestad SX, Comer R. 1995. Human female orgasm and mate fluctuating asymmetry. Anim Behav. 50:1601–1615. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80014-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troisi A, Carosi M. 1998. Female orgasm rate increases with male dominance in Japanese macaques. Anim Behav. 56:1261–1266. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbach D, Folstad I, Rudolfsen G. 2005. Effects of ovarian fluid on sperm velocity in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 57:438–444. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-004-0876-4
   Google Scholar
• Vacquier VD. 1998. Evolution of gamete recognition proteins. Science. 281(281):1995–1998. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5385.1995
   Google Scholar
• Wallen K, Lloyd E. 2008. Clitoral variability compared with penile variability supports non-adaptation of female orgasm. Evol Dev. 10:1e2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheatley JR, Puts DA. 2015. Evolutionary science of female orgasm. In: The evolution of sexuality, 123–148. Springer. Retrieved from http//linkspringercom/chapter/101007/978–3–319–09384–0-7
   Google Scholar
• Wildt L, Kissler S, Licht P, Becker B. 1998. Sperm transport in the human female genital tract and its modulation by oxytocin as assessed by hysterosalpingoscintigraphy, hysterotonography, electrohysterography and Doppler sonography. Hum Reprod Update. 4:655–666. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/4.5.655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterbottom M, Burke T, Birkhead TR. 1999. A stimulatory phalloid organ in a weaver bird. Nature. 399:28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/19884
   Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi N, Dugdale HL, Macdonald DW. 2006. Female receptivity, embryonic diapause, and superfetation in the European badger Meles meles, implications for the reproductive tactics of males and females. Quat Rev Biol. 81:33–48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/503923
   Google Scholar
• Yamamoto K, Vernier P. 2011. The evolution of dopamine systems in chordates. Front Neuroanat. 5:21. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2011.00021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zer-Krispil S, Zak H, Shao L, Ben-Shaanan S, Tordjman L, Bentzur A, Shmueli A, Shohat-Ophir G. 2018. Ejaculation induced by the activation of Crz neurons is rewarding to Drosophila males. Curr Biol. 28:1445–1452.e3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.039
   Google Scholar
• Zietsch BP, Santtila P. 2013. No direct relationship between human female orgasm rate and number of offspring. Anim Behav. 86:253–255. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.05.011
   Google Scholar
• Zumpe D, Michael RP. 1968. The clutching reaction and orgasm in the female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J End. 40:117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.0400117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar