A visceral synapomorphy of Scolecomorphus Boulenger, 1883 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Scolecomorphidae)

References

• Barbour , T. and Loveridge , A. 1928 . A comparative study of the herpetological faunae of the Uluguru and Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika Territory, with descriptions of new species . Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard , 50 : 87 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• Boulenger , G.A. 1883 . Description of a new genus of Coeciliae . Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. , 5.11 : 48 doi: 10.1080/00222938309459091
   Google Scholar
• Exbrayat , J.-M. 1988 . Variations ponderales des organes de reserve (corps adipeux et foie) chez Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Duméril et Bibron), Amphibien Apode vivipare au cours des alternances saisonnieres et des cycles de reproduction . Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. , 9 : 45 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Frost , D.R. . 1985 . Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographical Reference . Allen Press, Inc. and the Association of Systematics Collections , Lawrence , KS .
   Google Scholar
• Gower , D.J. , Giri , V. , Dharne , M.S. and Shouche , Y. 2008 . Frequency of independent origins of viviparity among caecilians (Gymnophiona): evidence from the first ‘live-bearing’ Asian amphibian . J. Evol. Biol. , 21 : 1220 – 1226 . doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01577.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gower , D.J. , Kupfer , A. , Oommen , O.V. , Himstedt , W. , Nussbaum , R.A. , Loader , S.P. , Presswell , B. , Müller , H. , Krishna , S.B. , Boistel , R. and Wilkinson , M. 2002 . A molecular phylogeny of ichthyophiid caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae): out of India or out of southeast Asia? . Proc. R. Soc. B , 269 : 1563 – 1569 . doi: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gower , D.J. , Loader , S.P. , Moncrieff , C.B. and Wilkinson , M. 2004 . Niche separation and comparative abundance of Boulengerula boulengeri and Scolecomorphus vittatus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) in an East Usambara forest, Tanzania . Afr. J. Herpetol. , 53 : 183 – 190 . doi: 10.1080/21564574.2004.9635510
   Google Scholar
• Gower , D.J. and Wilkinson , M. 2007 . Species groups in the Indian caecilian genus Uraeotyphlus Peters (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Uraeotyphlidae), with the description of a new species . Herpetologica , 63 : 401 – 410 . doi: 10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[401:SGITIC]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamei , R.G. , San Mauro , D. , Gower , D.J. , Van Bocxlaer , I. , Sherratt , E. , Thomas , A. , Babu , S. , Bossuyt , F. , Wilkinson , M. and Biju , S.D. 2012 . Discovery of a new family of amphibians from northeast India with ancient links to Africa . Proc. R. Soc. B , 279 : 2396 – 2401 . doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamei , R.G. , Wilkinson , M. , Gower , D.J. and Biju , S.D. 2009 . Three new species of striped Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from the northeast Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland . Zootaxa , 2267 : 26 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson , D.P. 2000 . A new caecilian from Cameroon, Africa (Amphibia: Gymnophiona, Scolecomorphidae) . Herpetologica , 56 : 77 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loader , S.P. 2005 . Systematics and biogeography of amphibians of the African Eastern Arc Mountains . Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow .
   Google Scholar
• Loader , S.P. , Wilkinson , M. , Gower , D.J. and Msuya , C.A. 2003 . A remarkable young Scolecomorphus vittatus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Scolecomorphidae) from the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania . J. Zool. Lond. , 259 : 93 – 101 . doi: 10.1017/S0952836902003060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loader , S.P. , Wilkinson , M. , Cotton , J. , Measey , G.J. , Menegon , M. , Howell , K.H. , Müller , H. and Gower , D.J. 2011 . Molecular phylogenetics of Boulengerula (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) and implications for taxonomy, biogeography and conservation . Herpetol. J. , 21 : 5 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malonza , P.K. and Müller , H. 2004 . A rediscovery after two decades: the Changamwe lowland caecilian Boulengerula changamwensis Loveridge, 1932 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) . J. East Afr. Nat. Hist. , 93 : 57 – 61 . doi: 10.2982/0012-8317(2004)93[57:ARATDT]2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Measey , G.J. and Gower , D.J. 2005 . Externally measured condition versus internal organ mass in the caecilian Gegeneophis ramaswamii (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) . Zool. Sci. , 22 : 445 – 452 . doi: 10.2108/zsj.22.445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møbjerg , N. , Jesperson , Å. and Wilkinson , M. 2004 . Morphology of the kidney of the West African caecilian Geotrypetes seraphini (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) . J. Morphol. , 262 : 583 – 607 . doi: 10.1002/jmor.10244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller , H. , Measey , G.J. , Loader , S.P. and Malonza , P.K. 2005 . A new species of Boulengerula Tornier (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from an isolated mountain block of the Taita Hills, Kenya . Zootaxa , 1004 : 37 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Müller , H. , Wilkinson , M. , Loader , S.P. , Wirkner , C.S. and Gower , D.J. 2009 . Morphology and function of the head in foetal and juvenile Scolecomorphus kirkii (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Scolecomorphidae) . Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , 96 : 491 – 504 . doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01152.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble , G.K. 1931 . The Biology of the Amphibia , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , R.A. 1981 . Scolecomorphus lamottei, a new caecilian from West Africa (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Scolecomorphidae) . Copeia , 1981 : 265 – 269 . doi: 10.2307/1444214
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , R.A. 1985 . Systematics of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) of the family Scolecomorphidae . Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan , 713 : 1 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• O'Reilly , J.C. , Nussbaum , R.A. and Boone , D. 1996 . Vertebrate with protrusible eyes . Nature , 382 : 33 doi: 10.1038/382033a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semon , R. 1892 . Studien über den Bauplan des Urogenitalsystem der Wirbeltiere. Dargelegt an der Entwicklung dieses Organsystems bei Ichthyophis glutinosus . Zeitschr. f. Naturwiss. , 26 : 80 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• Spengel , J.W. 1876 . Das Urogenitalsystem der Amphibien. I. Theil. Der anatomische Bau des Urogenitalsystems . Arb. zoolog.-zootom. Inst. Würzburg , 3 : 1 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , E.H. 1968 . The Caecilians of the World: A Taxonomic Review , Lawrence , KS : University of Kansas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , E.H. 1969 . A new family of African Gymnophiona . Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. , 48 : 297 – 305 .
   Google Scholar
• Tonutti , E. 1931 . Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gymnophionen XV . Das Genitalsystem. Morphol. Jahrb. , 68 : 151 – 293 .
   Google Scholar
• Wake , M.H. 1968 . Evolutionary morphology of the caecilian urogenital system. Part I. The gonads and fat bodies . J. Morphol. , 126 : 291 – 332 . doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051260303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wake , M.H. 1972 . Evolutionary morphology of the caecilian urogenital system. Part IV. The cloaca . J. Morphol. , 136 : 353 – 366 . doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051360308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wake , M.H. 1998 . Cartilage in the cloaca: phallodeal spicules in caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) . J. Morphol. , 237 : 177 – 186 . doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199808)237:2%3C177::AID-JMOR8%3E3.0.CO;2-Z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , M. 1988 . The status of Nectocaecilia cooperi Taylor, with comments on the genus Nectocaecilia Taylor (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) . J. Herpetol. , 22 : 119 – 121 . doi: 10.2307/1564366
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , M. 1989 . On the status of Nectocaecilia fasciata Taylor, with a discussion of the phylogeny of the Typhlonectidae (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) . Herpetologica , 45 : 23 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , M. 1990 . The presence of a musculus retractor cloacae in female caecilians Amphibia-Reptilia 11 : 300 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , M. and Nussbaum , R.A. 1997 . Comparative morphology and evolution of the lungless caecilian Atretochoana eiselti (Taylor) (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae) . Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , 62 : 39 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , M. and Nussbaum , R.A. 1998 . Caecilian viviparity and amniote origins . J. Nat. Hist. , 32 : 1403 – 1409 . doi: 10.1080/00222939800770701
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , M. , San Mauro , D. , Sherratt , E. and Gower , D.J. 2011 . A nine-family classification of caecilian amphibians . Zootaxa , 2874 : 41 – 64 .
   Google Scholar