Characterisation, prevalence and antibiogram of Aeromonas hydrophila in turtles: insights into virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes and innate immunity

References

• Abd El Tawab A, Maarouf A, El Hofy F, El Mougy E. 2017. Detection of some virulence genes in A. hydrophila and A. caviae isolated from freshwater fishes at Qalubia Governorate. J Benha Vet Med. 33:489–503.
   Google Scholar
• Akinbowale OL, Peng H, Grant P, Barton MD. 2007. Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in motile aeromonads and pseudomonads from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Australia. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 30:177–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansary A, Haneef RM, Torres JL, Yadav M. 1992. Plasmids and antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated in Malaysia from healthy and diseased fish. J Fish Dis. 15:191–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awan MB, Maqbool A, Bari A, Krovacek K. 2009. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of Aeromonas spp. isolates from food in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. New Microbiol. 32 :17–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balsalobre LC, Dropa M, de Oliveira DE, Lincopan N, Mamizuka EM, Matté GR, Matté MH. 2010. Presence of blaTEM-117gene in environmental isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei from Brazil. Braz J Microbio. 41:718–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan RL, Palumbo SA. 1985. Aeromonas Hydrophila and Aeromonas Sobria as potential food poisoning species: A Review. J Food Saf. 7:15–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagatay IT, Şen EB. 2014. Detection of pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Turkey. Int J Agric Biol. 16:435–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caliendo V, McKinney P, Robinson D, Baverstock W, Hyland K. 2010. Plasma Biochemistry and Hematology Values in Juvenile Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) Undergoing Rehabilitation. J Herpetol Med Surg. 20:117.
   Google Scholar
• Chen J, Zhu N, Kong L, Bei Y, Zheng T, Ding X, He Z. 2013. First case of soft-shell disease in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinens) associated with Aeromonas sobria–A. veronii complex. Aquaculture. 406–407:62–67.
   Google Scholar
• Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2016. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 26th edn. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Colom K, Pèrez J, Alonso R, Fernández-Aranguiz A, Lariño E, Cisterna R. 2003. Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for detection of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaOXA-1 genes in Enterobacteriaceae. FEMS Microbiol Letters. 223:147–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00306-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daskalov H. 2006. The importance of Aeromonas hydrophila in food safety. Food Control. 17:474–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demarta A, Tonolla M, Caminada A, Beretta M, Peduzzi R. 2000. Epidemiological relationships between Aeromonas strains isolated from symptomatic children and household environments as determined by ribotyping. Eur J Epidemiol. 16(5):447–453. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007675424848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan JR, Corbeil LB, Davies DH, Schultz RD, Whitlock RH. 1975. Persistent papillomatosis associated with immunodeficiency. Cornell Vet. 65:205–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eid H, Soliman Z, Hanafy AS. 2019. Molecular Detection of Some Virulence Genes in Aeromonas Species Isolated from Fishes and Water of Manzala Lake. SCVMJ. 24:231–243.
   Google Scholar
• Ezzat EM, Mahmoud E, Ibrahim SI, Mohamed AE, Noha E. 2018. Studies on Bacterial Pathogens in Some Marine Fishes in EL-Mansoura, Egypt. Am J Agric Biol Sci. 13:9–15.
   Google Scholar
• Fauzi, NNFNM, Hamdan RH, Mohamed M, Ismail A, Zin AAM, Mohamad NFA. 2021. Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and presence of drug resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Kelantan and Terengganu states, Malaysia, Vet World. 14(8):2064–2072. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2064-2072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes GA. 1999. Diet sampling and diet component analysis. Research and management techniques for the conservation of sea turtles. IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Publication, Washington, DC, 235.
   Google Scholar
• Gambino D, Persichetti MF, Gentile A, Arculeo M, Visconti G, Currò V, et al. 2020. First data on microflora of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nests from the coastlines of Sicily. Biol Open. 9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George RH. 2017. Health problems and diseases of sea turtles. In: The Biology of Sea Turtles. CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ghareeb H, Zahran E, Elghany S. 2019. Occurrence, Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogenic Aeromonas Hydrophila from Retail Fish. Alex J Vet Sci. 62:172.
   Google Scholar
• Glazebrook J, Campbell R. 1990. A survey of the diseases of marine turtles in northern Australia. II. Oceanarium-reared and wild turtles. Dis Aquat Organ. 9:97–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon L, Giraud E, Ganière JP, Armand F, Bouju-Albert A, de la Cotte N, et al. 2006. Antimicrobial resistance survey in a river receiving effluents from freshwater fish farms. J Appl Microbiol. 102:1167–1176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerra IMF, Fadanelli R, Figueiró M, Schreiner F, Delamare APL, Wollheim C, et al. 2007. Aeromonas associated diarrhoeal disease in south Brazil: prevalence, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. Braz J Microbiol. 38:638–643.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harms CA, Papich MG, Stamper MA, Ross PM, Rodriguez MX, Hohn AA. 2004. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 35:477–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera FC, Santos JA, Otero A, Garcia-Lopez ML. 2006. Occurrence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in retail prepackaged portions of marine fish in Spain. J Appl Microbiol. 100:527–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heynol V, Heckers KO, Behncke H, Heusinger A, Marschang RE. 2015. Detection of Bacteria in Oral Swabs from Healthy Common Musk Turtles (Sternotherus odoratus) and West African Mud Turtles (Pelusios castaneus). J Herpetol Med Surg. 25:33.
   Google Scholar
• Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PH, Staley JT, Williams ST, 1994. Facultatively anaerobic Gram-Negative rods. In: Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
   Google Scholar
• Hossain S, Dahanayake PS, De Silva BCJ, Wickramanayake MVKS, Wimalasena SHMP, Heo GJ. 2019. Multidrug resistant Aeromonas spp. isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio): antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes. Lett Appl Microbiol. 68:370–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu SJ. 2012. Microhabitat use and diet of exotic species red-eared turtle in Guangdong Gutian Provincial Nature Reserve. [PhD thesis]. Haikou, China, Hainan Normal University.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahiem REA, Shalaby AM, Enany ME. 2016. Genotypic Identification and Evaluation of Several Selective Media for Recovery of Aeromonas spp. from Different Sources. [PhD thesis]. Faculty of Vet. Med. Suez Canal University.PROBLEMATIC
   Google Scholar
• Igbinosa IH, Igumbor EU, Aghdasi F, Tom M, Okoh AI. 2012. Emerging Aeromonas species infections and their significance in public health. The Scientific World Journal. 2012:1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Indra U, Sureshkumar M, Kumar BL, Vivekanandhan G. 2015. Virulence determinants, drug and metal resistance of clinical and environmental Aeromonas species. Int. J. Adv. Res, 3:573–587.
   Google Scholar
• IUCN. 2003. Red List of Threatened Species.
   Google Scholar
• Janda JM, Abbott SL. 2010. The Genus Aeromonas: taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 23:35–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jian J and Wu Z. 2004. Influences of traditional Chinese medicine on non-specific immunity of Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 16:185–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krovacek K, Pasquale V, Baloda SB, Soprano V, Conte M, Dumontet S. 1994. Comparison of putative virulence factors in Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from the marine environment and human diarrheal cases in southern Italy. Appl Environ Microbiol. 60:1379–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee C, Cho JC, Lee SH, Lee DG, Kim SJ. 2002. Distribution of Aeromonas spp. as identified by 16S rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in a trout farm. J Appl Microbiol. 93:976–985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu D. 2011. Habitat selection and diet of exotic species red-eared turtle in Hainan Island Haikou, China. [PhD thesis]. Hainan Normal University.
   Google Scholar
• Lotze HK, Coll M, Dunne JA. 2011. Historical Changes in Marine Resources, Food-web Structure and Ecosystem Functioning in the Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean. Ecosystems. 14:198–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour A, Mahfouz NB, Husien MM, Omer AA, Moustafa EM. 2019. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity evaluation of Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from cultured tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Egypt. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maravić A, Skočibušić M, Šamanić I, Fredotović Ž, Cvjetan S, Jutronić M, Puizina J. 2013. Aeromonas spp. simultaneously harbouring blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-12, blaPER-1 and blaFOX-2, in wild-growing Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Adriatic Sea, Croatia. Int J Food Microbiol. 166:301–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montilla Fuenmayor AJ, Hernández Rangel JL, Alvarado Árraga MC. 2006. Hematological values of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) present in the high Guajira. Revista Científica. 16:219–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawaz M, Khan SA, Khan AA, Sung K, Tran Q, Kerdahi K, Steele R. 2010. Detection and characterization of virulence genes and integrons in Aeromonas veronii isolated from catfish. Food Microbiol. 27(3):327–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2009.11.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen ME, Høi L, Schmidt AS, Qian D, Shimada T, Shen JY, Larsen JL. 2001. Is Aeromonas hydrophila the dominant motile Aeromonas species that causes disease outbreaks in aquaculture production in the Zhejiang Province of China? Dis Aquat Organ. 46:23–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omar A and Zayed E. 2016. Identification and Characterization of Virulence-Associated Genes from Pathogenic Aeromonas Hydrophila Strains. World’s Veterinary Journal. 6:185–192.
   Google Scholar
• Orós J, Torrent A, Calabuig P, Déniz S. 2005. Diseases and causes of mortality among sea turtles stranded in the Canary Islands, Spain (1998-2001). Dis Aquat Organ. 63:13–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratibha UK, Rahul PK, Padmakar DD, Chandrakant DB, Samir NJ, Avinash BN, et al. 2014. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Aeromonas in chicken and fish washings. Afr J Microbiol Res. 8:2609–2615.
   Google Scholar
• Rather MA, Willayat MM, Wani SA, Hussain SA, Shah SA. 2019. Enterotoxin gene profile and molecular epidemiology of Aeromonas species from fish and diverse water sources. J Appl Microbiol. 127:921–931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razzolini MT, Di Bari M, Sanchez PS, Sato MI. 2008. Aeromonas detection and their toxins from drinking water from reservoirs and drinking fountains. J Water Health. 6:117–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers ML, Toline CA, Rice CD. 2018. Humoral Immune Responses to Select Marine Bacteria in Loggerhead Sea Turtles Caretta caretta and Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles Lepidochelys kempii from the Southeastern United States. J Aquat Anim Health. 30:20–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santoro M, Morales JA, Rodríguez-Ortíz B. 2007. Spirorchiidiosis (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) and lesions associated with parasites in Caribbean green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Vet Rec. 161:482–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seminoff J, 2002. 2002 IUCN Red list global status assessment, green turtle Chelonia mydas. IUCN Marine Turtle Specialist Group Review, 93. 1–93.
   Google Scholar
• Sen K, Rodgers M. 2004. Distribution of six virulence factors in Aeromonas species isolated from US drinking water utilities: a PCR identification. J Appl Microbiol. 97(5):1077–1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02398.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shameena SS, Kumar K, Kumar S, Rathore G. 2020. Virulence characteristics of Aeromonas veronii biovars isolated from infected freshwater goldfish (Carassius auratus). J Aquaculture. 518:734819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shawky LAI, Khafagy AAR, Abou El-Atta MEI, Abd Tawab AA, Eid HMI, El-Naggar MM. 2015. Studies on virulent and antibiotic resistant genes of Aeromonas species isolated from fish. [PhD thesis]. Suez Canal University, Egypt.
   Google Scholar
• Singh V, Rathore G, Kapoor D, Mishra BN, Lakra WS. 2008. Detection of aerolysin gene in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish and pond water. Indian J Microbiol. 48:453–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-008-0056-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen L, Shi H, Wang R, Liu D, Pang X. 2011. An Invasive Species Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) carrying Salmonella Pathogens in Hainan Island. Molecular Pathogens. 2.
   Google Scholar
• Siroski PA, Poletta GL, Latorre MA, Merchant ME, Ortega HH, Mudry MD. 2016. Immunotoxicity of commercial-mixed glyphosate in broad snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris). Chem Biol Interact. 244:64–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vega-Sánchez V, Latif-Eugenín F, Soriano-Vargas E, Beaz-Hidalgo R, Figueras MJ, Aguilera-Arreola MaG, Castro-Escarpulli G. 2014. Re-identification of Aeromonas isolates from rainbow trout and incidence of class 1 integron and β-lactamase genes. Vet Microbiol. 172:528–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Shi H, Hu S, Ma K, Li C. 2013. Interspecific Differences in Diet between Introduced Red-eared Sliders and Native Turtles in China. Asian Herpetol Res. 4:190–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilbur HM. 1997. Experimental Ecology of Food Webs: Complex Systems in Temporary Ponds: The Robert H. Macarthur Award Lecture Presented 31 July 1995. Snowbird, Utahby. Ecology. 78: 2279-2302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J and Shi H, 2014. Home range of Trachemys scripta elegans in brackish water of Nandu river, Hainan Island, China. Sichuan Journal of Zoology. 33:685-688.
   Google Scholar
• Younes A, Gaafar A, Awad ES. 2015. Virulence determinants and plasmid profile of Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from Oreochromis niloticus. Glob. Vet. 15:613-617.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang DX, Kang YH, Song MF, Shu HP, Guo SN, Jia JP, et al. 2019. Identity and virulence properties of Aeromonas isolates from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China. Lett Appl Microbiol. 69:100–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman LM, Clairardin SG, Paitz RT, Hicke JW, LaMagdeleine KA, Vogel LA, Bowden RM. 2012. Humoral immune responses are maintained with age in a long-lived ectotherm, the red-eared slider turtle. Journal of Experimental Biology. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.078832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar