2,366
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

The public's dilemma: race and political evaluations of police killings

, &
Pages 101-128 | Received 12 Mar 2018, Accepted 09 Sep 2018, Published online: 08 Nov 2018

References

  • Allport, Gordon. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. New York: Basic Books.
  • Anwar, Shamena, Patrick Bayer, and Randi. Hjalmarsson. 2014. “The Role of Age in Jury Selection and Trial Outcomes.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 57 (4): 1001–1030. doi: 10.1086/675257
  • Berinsky, Adam J., Gregory A. Huber, and Gabriel S. Lenz. 2012. “Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk.” Political Analysis 20 (3): 351–368. doi: 10.1093/pan/mpr057
  • Blow, Charles. 2015. “Tamir Rice and the Value of Life.” The New York Times, January 11.
  • Bobo, Lawrence, and Vincent L. Hutchings. 1996. “Perceptions of Racial Group Composition.” American Sociological Review 61: 951–972. doi: 10.2307/2096302
  • Bobo, Lawrence, James R. Kugel, and Ryan A. Smith. 1997. “Laissez-faire Racism: The Crystallization of a Kinder, Gentler, Antiblack Ideology.” In Racial Attitudes in the 1990s: Continuity and Change, edited by Steven A. Tuch and Jack K. Martin. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo, and Tyrone A. Forman. 2000. “I Am Not A Racist, But….” Discourse and Society 11 (1): 50–85. doi: 10.1177/0957926500011001003
  • Cadinu, Mara, Anne Maass, Alessandra Rosabianca, and Jeff Kiesner. 2005. “Why Do Women Underperform Under Stereotype Threat?: Evidence for the Role of Negative Thinking.” Psychological Science 16 (7): 572–578. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01577.x
  • Carr, Priyanka B., and Claude Steele. 2010. “Stereotype Threat Affects Financial Decision Making.” Psychological Science 21 (10): 1411–1416. doi: 10.1177/0956797610384146
  • Christenson, Dino P., and David M. Glick. 2013. “Crowdsourcing Panel Studies and Real-Time Experiments in MTurk.” The Political Methodologist 20 (2): 27–32.
  • Correll, Joshua, Bernadette Park, Charles M. Judd, and Bernd Wittenbrink. 2002. “The Police Officer's Dilemma: Using Ethnicity to Disambiguate Potentially Threatening Individuals.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83 (6): 1314–1329. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1314
  • Devine, Patricia G.. 1989. “Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled Components.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 (1): 5–18. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5
  • Duncan, Birt L.. 1976. “Differential Social Perception and Attribution of Intergroup Violence: Testing the Lower Limits of Stereotyping of Blacks.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34 (4): 590–598. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.34.4.590
  • Eberhardt, Jennifer L., Valerie Purdie, Phillip Goff, and Paul Davies. 2004. “Seeing Black: Race, Crime, and Visual Processing.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87 (6): 876–893. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.876
  • Entman, Robert, and Andrew. Rojecki. 2000. The Black Image in the White Mind. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Farrington, David P.. 1986. “Age and Crime.” Crime and Justice 7: 189–250. doi: 10.1086/449114
  • Gorner, Jeremy. 2015. “PCP Found in Body of Teen Shot 16 Times by Chicago Cop”. April 15.
  • Greenwald, Anthony G., Mark A. Oakes, and Hunter G. Hoffman. 2003. “Targets of Discrimination: Effects of Race on Responses to Weapons Holders.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39: 399–405. doi: 10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00020-9
  • Hainmueller, Jens, Daniel Hopkins, and Teppei. Yamamoto. 2014. “Causal Inference in Conjoint Analysis: Understanding Multi-Dimensional Choices via Stated Preference Experiments.” Political Analysis 22 (1): 1–30. doi: 10.1093/pan/mpt024
  • Hainmueller, Jens, Daniel Hopkins, and Teppei Yamamoto. 2015. “The Hidden American Immigration Consensus: A Conjoint Analysis of Attitudes toward Immigrants.” American Journal of Political Science59 (3): 529–548. doi: 10.1111/ajps.12138
  • Henry, P. J., and David O. Sears. 2002. “The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale.” Political Psychology 3 (2): 253–283. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00281
  • Hetey, Rebecca, and Jennifer L. Eberhardt. 2014. “Racial Disparities in Incarceration Increase Acceptance of Punitive Policies.” Psychological Science 25 (10): 1949–1954. doi: 10.1177/0956797614540307
  • Iyengar, Shanto.. 1991. Is Anyone Responsible? How Television Frames Political Issues. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Kinder, Donald R., and Lynn Sanders. 1996. Divided by Color: Racial Politics and Democratic Ideals. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Kinder, D. R., and D. O. Sears. 1981. “Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40 (3): 414–431. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.40.3.414
  • McConahay, John B.. 1986. “Modern Racism, Ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale.” In Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism, edited by John F. Dovidio, and Samuel L. Gaertner. San Diego, CA: Academic Press..
  • Nelson, Thomas, Kira Sanbonmatsu, and Harwood K McClerking. 2007. “Playing a Different Race Card: Examining the Limits of Elite Influence on Perceptions of Racism.” Journal of Politics 69 (2): 416–429. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00540.x
  • O'Neil, Bridjes. 2014. “STL County Police Chief Claims Struggle With Gun Lead to Fatal Shooting of Michael Brown.” St. Louis Dispatch, August 10. http://www.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_86cdc228-20c9-11e4-984c-001a4bcf887a.html
  • Pew. 2014. “Sharp Racial Divisions in Reactions to Brown, Garner Decisions.” Pew Research Center, Dec 8. http://www.people-press.org/2014/12/08/sharp-racial-divisions-in-reactions-to-brown-garner-decisions/.
  • Pew. 2016. “On Views of Race and Inequality, Blacks and Whites Are Worlds Apart.” 2016. Pew Research Center, June 27. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/06/27/on-views-of-race-and-inequality-blacks-and-whites-are-worlds-apart/.
  • Porter, Ethan, and Thomas J. Wood. 2016. “Race, Interracial Families, and Political Advertising in the Obama Era: Experimental Evidence.” Political Communication 33 (3): 481–502. doi: 10.1080/10584609.2015.1106625
  • Quillian, Lincoln. 1995. “Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat.” American Sociological Review 60 (4): 586–611. doi: 10.2307/2096296
  • Roller, Emma. 2014. "The Character Assassination of Michael Brown." The Atlantic, Aug 19. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/08/the-character-assassination-of-michael-brown/455124/.
  • Sniderman, P. M., T. Piazza, P. E. Tetlock, and A. Kendrick. 1991. “The New Racism.” American Journal of Political Science 35 (2): 423–447. doi: 10.2307/2111369
  • Steele, Claude. 2010. Whistling Vivaldi: How Stereotypes Affect Us and What We Can Do. New York, NY: W.W Norton and Company.
  • Stolberg, Sheryl, and Richard Oppel. 2015. “Suspects in Freddie Gray Case.” The New York Times, May 9.
  • Stole, Bryn. 2016. “Alton Sterling's Son Says Father 'Was Good Man,' Calls For Peaceful Protests.” The Advocate, July 13. https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/alton_sterling/article_d28eafa4-48f1-11e6-93d3-e333aa7efd80.html.
  • Stone, Jeff, Mike Sjomeling, Christian Lynch, and John Darley. 1999. “Stereotype Threat Effects on Black and White Athletic Performance.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (6): 1213–1227. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1213
  • Tajfel, Henri. 1969. “Cognitive Aspects of Prejudice.” Journal of Social Issues 25 (4): 79–97. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1969.tb00620.x
  • Tajfel, Henri. 1981. Human Groups and Social Categories. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tesler, Michael. 2012. “The Return of Old-Fashioned Racism to White Americans' Partisan Preferences in the Early Obama Era.” Journal of Politics 75 (1): 110–123. doi: 10.1017/S0022381612000904
  • Weitzer, Ronald. 1999. “Citizens' Perceptions of Police Misconduct: Race and Neighborhood Context.” Justice Quarterly 16 (4): 819–846. doi: 10.1080/07418829900094381

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.