Tourism and Power Plant Development: An Attempt to Solve Land Use Conflicts

References

• Agarwal , S. 1997 . The Resort Cycle and Seaside Tourism: An Assessment of Its Applicability and Validity . Tourism Management , 18 : 65 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal , S. 1999 . Restructuring and Local Economic Development: Implications for Seaside Resort Regeneration in Southwest Britain . Tourism Management , 20 : 511 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal , S. 2002 . Restructuring Seaside Tourism: The Resort Lifecycle . Annals of Tourism Research , 29 : 25 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althingi (2012). 140 löggjafarthing, thingskjal 1165 727 mál. Tillaga til thingsályktunar um áætlun um vernd og orkunýtingu landsvæða [The 140th legislative assembly. Parliament Paper 1165–727 Case. Parliamentary resolution on protection and power production]. Reykjavik: Althingi. Available at http://www.althingi.is/altext/140/s/1165.html
   Google Scholar
• Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir (2011) Wilderness tourism in Iceland – land use and conflicts with power production, PhD, The Geographical Society of Northern Finland and The Department of Geography, University of Oulu, Oulu.
   Google Scholar
• Baggio , R. 2008 . Symptoms of Complexity in a Tourism System . Tourism Analysis , 13 : 1 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowers , J. 1997 . Sustainability and Environmental Economics, An Alternative Text , Harlow , , UK : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Boyd , S. W. and Butler , R. W. 2009 . “ Tourism and the Canadian national park system: protection, use and balance ” . In Tourism and National Parks: International Perspectives on Development, Histories and Change , Edited by: Frost , W. and Hall , C. M. 102 – 113 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , R. W. 1980 . The Concept of a Tourism Area Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources . Canadian Geographer , 24 : 5 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , R. W. 2006 . The Tourism Area Life Cycle: Application and Modifications , Clevedon : Channel View .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , R. W. 2009 . Tourism in the Future: Cycles, Waves or Wheels? . Futures , 41 : 346 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsen , A. J. , Strand , J. and Wenstöp , F. 1993 . Implicit Environmental Costs in Hydroelectric Development: An Analysis of the Norwegian Master Plan for Water Resources . Journal of Environmental Economics and Management , 25 : 201 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi , H. C. and Sirakaya , E. 2006 . Sustainability Indicators for Managing Community Tourism . Tourism Management , 27 ( 6 ) : 1274 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, J., Maher, P.T. and Slocombe, S.D. (2007) Climate Change, Marine Tourism, and Sustainability in the Canadian Arctic: Contributions from Systems and Complexity Approaches, Tourism in Marine Environments, 4(2–3), pp. 69–83.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , D. , Griffin , T. and Hayllar , B. 2008 . Urban Tourism Research: Developing an Agenda . Annals of Tourism Research , 35 ( 4 ) : 1032 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulkner , B. and Russell , R. 1997 . Chaos and Complexity in Tourism: In Search of a New Perspective . Pacific Tourism Review , 1 : 93 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Faulkner , B. and Russell , R. 2001 . Turbulence, Chaos and Complexity in Tourism Systems: A Research Direction for the New Millennium , London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Fredman , P. and Sandell , K. 2009 . “Protect, preserve, present”—the role of tourism in Swedish national parks ” . In Tourism and National Parks: International Perspectives on Development, Histories and Change , Edited by: Frost , W. and Hall , C. M. 197 – 208 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Garrod , B. and Fyall , A. 2000 . Managing Heritage Tourism . Annals of Tourism Research , 27 ( 3 ) : 682 – 708 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrod , B. and Fyall , A. 2005 . “ Revisiting Delphi: The Delphi technique in tourism research ” . In Tourism Research Methods: Integrating Theory with Practices , Edited by: Ritchie , B. W. , Burns , P. and Palmer , C. 85 – 98 . Wallingford : CABI .
   Google Scholar
• Getz , D. 1986 . Models in Tourism Planning. Towards Integration of Theory and Practice . Tourism Management , 7 ( 1 ) : 21 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Gladden , J. N. Origin of Political Conflict in Arctic Wilderness Areas . USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-26 . pp. 7 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , T. J. 1994 . The Delphi method. AC/UNU millennium project. Future research methodology. Available at http://www.gerenciamento.ufba.br/Downloads/delphi%20(1).pdf
   Google Scholar
• Green , H. , Hunter , C. and Moore , B. 1990 . Application the Delphi Technique in Tourism . Annals of Tourism Research , 17 ( 2 ) : 270 – 279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunn , C. 1988 . Tourism Planning , 2 , London : Taylor and Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Guðmundsson , R. 2010 . Erlendir ferðamenn á Íslandi frá september 2008 til ágúst 2009 og samanburður við árið á undan [Foreign visitors in Iceland, from September 2008 until August 2009 and comparison with the year before] (Reykjavík: Rannsóknir og ráðgjöf ferðaþjónustunnar)
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. 1992 . Wasteland to World Heritage: Preserving Australia's Wilderness , Carlton : Melbourne University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. 2005 . Tourism: Rethinking the Social Science of Mobility , Harlow : Pearson/Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. 2008 . Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships , 2 , Harlow : Pearson Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. and Frost , W. 2009 . “ Tourism and national parks: International perspectives on development, histories and change ” . In Introduction: The Making of the National Park Concept , Edited by: Warwick , F. and Michael , H. C. 3 – 15 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. and Lew , A. A. 2009 . Understanding and Managing Tourism Impacts. An Integrated Approach , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. , Müller , D. K. and Saarinen , J. 2009 . Nordic Tourism: Issues and Cases , Bristol : Channel View .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. and Page , S. J. 2006 . The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place, and Space , 3 , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Haywood , K. M. 1986 . Can the Tourist-area Life Cycle Be Made Operational? . Tourism Management , 7 : 154 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Hendee , J. C. , Stankey , G. H. and Lucas , R. C. 1990 . Wilderness Management , 2 , Golden , CO : North American Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez , J. M. and Leon , C. J. 2007 . The Interactions Between Natural and Physical Capitals in the Tourist Lifecycle Model . Ecological Economics , 62 : 184 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden , A. 2008 . Environment and Tourism , 2 , London, New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Huijbens , E. H. and Benediktsson , K. 2007 . Practising Highland Heterotopias: Automobility in the Interior of Iceland . Mobilities , 2 ( 1 ) : 143 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Icelandic Tourist Board (2012) The total number of foreign guests 1949–2009 [Heildarfjöldi erlendra gesta 1949–2009]. Available at http://ferdamalastofa.is/Category.mvc/Display/503
   Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick , J. B. 1979 . Hydro-Electric Development and Wilderness in Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania : Tasmanian Department of Environment .
   Google Scholar
• Lachapelle , P. R. and McCool , S. F. 2005 . Exploring the Concept of “Ownership” in Natural Resource Planning . Society and Natural Resources , 18 : 279 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , C. K. , Song , H. J. and Mjelde , J. W. 2008 . The Forecasting of International Expo Tourism Using Quantitative and Qualitative Techniques . Tourism Management , 29 ( 6 ) : 1084 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiper , N. 1990 . Tourism Systems: An Interdisciplinary Perspective , Palmerston North , NZ : Massey University .
   Google Scholar
• Lesslie , R. G. , Maslen , M. , Canty , D. , Goodwins , D. and Shields , R. 1991 . Wilderness on Kangaroo Island, National Wilderness Inventory: South Australia , Canberra : Australian Heritage Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Lesslie , R. G. and Taylor , S. G. 1983 . The Wilderness Continuum Concept and Its Implications for Australian Wilderness Preservation Policy . Biological Conservation , 32 ( 4 ) : 309 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liggett , D. , McIntosh , A. , Thompson , A. , Gilbert , N. and Storey , B. 2011 . From Frozen Continent to Tourism Hotspot? Five Decades of Antarctic Tourism Development and Management, and a Glimpse into the Future . Tourism Management , 32 ( 2 ) : 357 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linstone , H. A. and Murray , T. 2002 . The Delphi method: techniques and applications. Available at http://is.njit.edu/pubs/delphibook/delphibook.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McLennan, Char-lee , Ruhanen , L. , Ritchie , B. and Pham , T. 2010 . “ Dynamics of Destination Development: Investigating the Application of Transformation Theory ” . In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research 36(2), pp. 164–90
   Google Scholar
• Medina , J. S. 2009 . “ The national park concept in Spain: Patriotism, education, romanticism and rourism ” . In Tourism and National Parks: International Perspectives on Development, Histories and Change , Edited by: Frost , W. and Hall , C. M. 143 – 154 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Mill , R. C. and Morrison , A. M. 1985 . The Tourism System: An Introductory Text , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism (2008) Tillögur nefndar iðnaðarráðherra um aðkomu ríkisins að skipulagi og fjármögnun í ferðaþjónustu [The Minister of Industry's committee proposal on the role of the government in planning and financing tourism]. Available at http://www.idnadarraduneyti.is/media/frettir/skyrsla_LowRes.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of the Environment (1997) Sjálfbær þróun í íslensku samfélagi: framkvæmdaáætlun til aldamóta. [Sustainable development in the Icelandic society: an action plan until the next millennium]. Available at http://www.umhverfisraduneyti.is/media/PDF_skrar/Velferd_til_framtidar_2002_enska.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nash , R. 2001 . Wilderness and the American Mind , 4 , New Haven, London : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nepal , S. K. 2007 . Tourism and Rural Settlements: Nepal's Annapurna Region . Annals of Tourism Research , 34 : 855 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rammaáætlun (2010) Rammaáætlun um vernd og nýtingu náttúrusvæða með áherslu á vatnsafl og jarðhitasvæði – 2. áfangi. Niðurstöður faghópa. Kynningar- og umsagnarferli verkefnisstjórnar [Master plan for geothermal and hydropower development 2nd phase. Results from the work groups. Introduction and auditing process of the Steering commitee]. Available at http://www.rammaaaetlun.is/media/skyrslur/Heildarskyrsla-mars2010-1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rammaáætlun (2011a) Niðurstöður 2. áfanga rammaáætlunar. Verkefnisstjórn um gerð rammaáætlunar um vernd og nýtingu náttúrusvæða með áherslu á vatnsafl og jarðhitasvæði. Ed. Björnsson S. [Results from the 2nd phase of the master plan. Steering committee for the master plan for geothermal and hydropower]. Available at http://www.idnadarraduneyti.is/media/Acrobat/Rammaaaetlun-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rammaáætlun (2011b) Umsagnir. Rammaáætlun—opnu samráðs-og kynningarferli [Comments. The master plan—public consultation process]. Available at http://www.rammaaaetlun.is/umsagnir/innsendar-umsagnir/
   Google Scholar
• Rowe , G. and Wright , G. 1999 . The Delphi Technique as a Forecasting Tool: Issues and Analysis . International Journal of Forecasting , 15 ( 4 ) : 353 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , R. and Faulkner , B. 1999 . Movers and Shakers: Chaos Makers in Tourism Development . Tourism Management , 20 ( 4 ) : 411 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , R. and Faulkner , B. 2004 . Entrepreneurship, Chaos and the Tourism Area Lifecycle . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 3 ) : 556 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saarinen , J. Wilderness, tourism development, and sustainability: wilderness attitudes and place ethics . USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-4 . pp. 29 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Saarinen , J. 2004 . “Destinations in Change”: The Transformation Process of Tourist Destinations . Tourist Studies , 4 ( 2 ) : 161 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Samlet Plan for Vassdrag (1984) Hovedrapport [Master plan for catchments. Main report] (Oslo: Miljöverndepartementet).
   Google Scholar
• Smith , S. L.J. 1995 . Tourism Analysis: A Handbook , 2 , Harlow : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Spenceley , A. 2008 . Requirements for Sustainable Nature-based Tourism in Transfrontier Conservation Areas: A Southern African Delphi Consultation . Tourism Geographies , 10 ( 3 ) : 285 – 311 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Iceland (2012a) Ferðamál, samgöngur og upplýsingatækni. Ferðaþjónusta. Útflutningur vöru og þjónustu eftir atvinnugreinum 1990–2010 [Tourism, transportation and information technology. Tourism industry. Export of goods and services by industries]. Available at http://hagstofa.is/Hagtolur/Ferdamal-samgongur-uppltaekni/Ferdathjonusta
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Iceland (2012b) Ferðamál, samgöngur og upplýsingatækni. Gisting. Gistinætur í skálum í óbyggðum 1998–2010 [Tourism, transportation and information technology. Overnight statistic. Overnights in huts in the wilderness]. Available at http://hagstofa.is/Hagtolur/Ferdamal-samgongur-uppltaekni/Ferdathjonusta
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , T. R. 1987 . The Delphi Technique and Forecasting . Climatic Change , 11 : 97 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Sæþórsdóttir , A. D. 2010a . Planning Nature Tourism in Iceland Based on Tourist Attitudes . Tourism Geographies , 12 ( 1 ) : 25 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sæþórsdóttir , A. D. 2010b . Tourism Struggling as the Wilderness Is Developed . Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism , 10 ( 3 ) : 334 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sæþórsdóttir , A. D. and Ólafsson , R. 2010a . Nature Tourism Assessment in the Icelandic Master Plan for Geothermal and Hydropower Development. Part I: Rapid Evaluation of Nature Tourism Resources . Journal of Heritage Tourism , 5 ( 4 ) : 311 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Sæþórsdóttir , A. D. and Ólafsson , R. 2010b . Nature Tourism Assessment in the Icelandic Master Plan for Geothermal and Hydropower Development. Part II: Assessing the Impact of Proposed Power Plants on Tourism and Recreation . Journal of Heritage Tourism , 5 ( 4 ) : 333 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Sæþórsdóttir, A.D. (2011) Wilderness tourism in Iceland – land use and conflicts with power production, PhD, The Geographical Society of Northern Finland and The Department of Geography, University of Oulu, Oulu.
   Google Scholar
• Talbot , C. 1998 . “ The wilderness narrative and the cultural logic of capitalism ” . In The Great New Wilderness Debate , Edited by: Callicott , J. B. and Nelson , M. P. 325 – 36 . Athens , GA : University of Georgia Press .
   Google Scholar
• The Ministry of the Environment and The National Planning Agency (1999) The Central Highlands, regional plan 2015 [Miðhálendi Íslands, Svæðisskipulag 2015] (Reykjavík: The Ministry of the Environment & The National Planning Agency).
   Google Scholar
• Thórhallsdóttir , T. E. 1997a . “ Tundra ecosystems in Iceland ” . In Tundra Ecosystems of the World, Vol. 3. Polar and Alpine Tundra , Edited by: Wielgolaski , F. E. 85 – 96 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Thórhallsdóttir , T. E. 2007b . Strategic Planning at the National Level: Evaluating and Ranking Energy Projects by Environmental Impact . Environmental Impact Assessment Review , 27 ( 6 ) : 545 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D.R. (2002, May 15–17, 2001) The social construction of arctic wilderness: Place meanings, value pluralism, and globalization, USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-26, pp. 120–32.
   Google Scholar
• Yeong , W. Y. , Keng , K. A. and Leng , T. L. 1989 . A Delphi Forecast for the Singapore Tourism Industry: Future Scenario and Marketing Implications . International Marketing Review , 6 : 35 – 46 .
   Google Scholar