The Application of Environmental Governance Networks in Small Island Destinations: Evidence from Indonesia and the Coral Triangle

References

• Apostolopoulos , Y. and Gayle , D. J. 2001 . “ From MIRAB to TOURAB? Searching for Sustainable Tourism in the Maritime Carribean, Pacific, and Mediterranean ” . In In Y. Apostolopoulos and D.J. Gayle (Eds), Island Tourism and Sustainable Development: Caribbean, Pacific, and Mediterranean Experiences , Edited by: Apostolopoulos , Y. and Gayle , D. J. 3 – 14 . Westport, Connecticut : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Balaguer , P. , Diedrich , A. , Sardá , R. , Fuster , M. , Cañellas , B. and Tintoré , J. 2011 . Spatial Analysis of Recreational Boating as a First Key Step for Marine Spatial Planning in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) . Ocean and Coastal Management , 54 ( 3 ) : 241 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball , M. 2008 . Indonesia, Country Report, Travel and Tourism Intelligence, February 2008 Travel and Tourism Intelligence, Country Reports , 1 – 34 . London : Mintel International .
   Google Scholar
• Beaumont , N. and Dredge , D. 2010 . Local Tourism Governance: a Comparison of Three Network Approaches . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 18 ( 1 ) : 7 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borch , T. 2010 . Tangled Lines in New Zealand's Quota Management System: the Process of Including Recreational Fisheries . Marine Policy , 34 ( 3 ) : 655 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bramwell , B. 2011 . Governance, the State and Sustainable Tourism: a Political Economy Approach . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 19 ( 4–5 ) : 459 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bramwell , B. and Lane , B. 2011 . Critical Research on the Governance of Tourism and Sustainability . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 19 ( 4–5 ) : 411 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgin , S. and Hardiman , N. 2011 . The Direct Physical, Chemical and Biotic Impacts on Australian Coastal Waters due to Recreational Boating . Biodiversity and Conservation , 20 ( 4 ) : 683 – 701 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron , K. S. and Quinn , R. E. 2005 . Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture [Electronic Resource]: Based on the Competing Values Framework/Kim S. Cameron, Robert E. Quinn , San Fransisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Chang , K.-C. , Hwung , H.-H. and Chuang , C.-T. 2012 . An Exploration of Stakeholder Conflict Over the Taiwanese Marine Protected Area . Ocean and Coastal Management , 55 : 36 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahles , H. and Bras , K. 1999 . Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs: Development, National Policy, and Entrepreneurial Culture: Indonesian Cases , New York : Cognizant .
   Google Scholar
• Devney , C. A. and Congdon , B. C. 2009 . Testing the Efficacy of a Boundary Fence at an Important Tropical Seabird Breeding Colony and Key Tourist Destination . Wildlife Research , 36 ( 4 ) : 353 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds , R. , Graci , S. R. and Holmes , M. 2010 . Does the Tourist Care? A Comparison of Tourists in Koh Phi Phi, Thailand and Gili Trawangan, Indonesia . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 18 ( 2 ) : 207 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dredge , D. and Pforr , C. 2008 . “ Tourism Policy Networks: Implications for Governance and Third Way Politics ” . In Network Analysis and Tourism , Edited by: Scott , N. , Baggio , R. and Cooper , C. 58 – 78 . Clevedon , , UK : Channel View .
   Google Scholar
• Erkus-Ozturk , H. and Eraydin , A. 2010 . Environmental Governance for Sustainable Tourism Development: Collaborative Networks and Organisation Building in the Antalya Tourism Region . Tourism Management , 31 : 113 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallon , F. 2008 . “ Sustainability and Security: Lombok Hotel's link with local communities ” . In Tourism at the Grassroots: Villagers and Visitors in the Asia Pacific , Edited by: Connell , J. and Rugendyke , B. 164 – 78 . Hoboken : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Farrell , B. and Twining-Ward , L. 2005 . Seven Steps Towards Sustainability: Tourism in the Context of New Knowledge . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 13 ( 2 ) : 109 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Goreau , T. J. 2009 . Tourism and Sustainable Coral Reefs. Available at http://www.globalcoral.org/Ecotourism%20Biorock%20complete.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gossling , S. 2003 . “ Tourism and Development in Tropical Islands: political ecology perspectives ” . In Torusim and Development in Tropical Islands: Political Ecology Perspectives , Edited by: Gossling , S. 1 – 37 . Cheltenham : Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Graci , S. R. 2007 . Accomodating Green: Examining Barriers to Sustainable Tourism Development. Available at http://linkbc.ca/torc/downs1/GraciAccommodatingGreen.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Guard , V. K. 2005 . Dampak Sosial-Budaya, Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Alam terhadap Pariwisata di Gili Matra: Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia [The Impact of Tourism toward the Socio-Cultural, Economic and Natural Environment of Gili Matra: West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia] ACICIS Studi Lapangan Malang. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Malang
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. M. 2008 . “ Governance ” . In The Encyclopedia of Tourism and Recreation in Marine Environments , Edited by: Luck , M. 194 Wallingford : CABI .
   Google Scholar
• Halpenny , E. A. 2004 . “ Tourism in Marine Protected Areas ” . In Tourism in national parks and protected areas , Edited by: Eagles , P. F.J. and McCool , S. F. 211 – 34 . Wallingford : CABI .
   Google Scholar
• Halpern , B. S. , McLeod , K. L. , Rosenberg , A. A. and Crowder , L. B. 2008 . Managing for Cumulative Impacts in Ecosystem-Based Management Through Ocean Zoning . Ocean and Coastal Management , 51 ( 3 ) : 203 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton , M. P. 1998 . Backpacker Tourism and Economic Development . Annals of Tourism Research , 25 ( 3 ) : 639 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton , M. P. and Hampton , J. 2009 . “ Is the Beach Party Over? Tourism and the Environment in Small Islands: a case study of Gili Trawangan, Lombok, Indonesia ” . In Tourism in Southeast Asia challenges and new directions , Edited by: Hitchcock , M. , King , V. T. and Parnwell , M. 286 – 308 . Copenhagen , , Denmark : Nias Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hardiman , N. and Burgin , S. 2010 . Recreational Impacts on the Fauna of Australian Coastal Marine Ecosystems . Journal of Environmental Management , 91 ( 11 ) : 2096 – 108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidayat , A. 2006 . Property Right Changes of Coral Reef Management: From a State Property Regime Towards a Sustainable Local Governance: Lessons from Gili Indah Village. Available at http://www.indiana.edu/~iascp/bali/papers/Hidayat__Aceng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Higham , J. E.S. and Luck , M. 2008 . “ Marine Wildlife and Tourism Management: in search of scientific approaches to sustainability ” . In Marine Wildlife and Tourism Management , Edited by: Higham , J. E.S. and Luck , M. 1 – 18 . Wallingford : CABI .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , C. , Hesterly , W. S. and Borgatti , S. P. 1997 . A General Theory of Network Governance: Exchange Conditions and Social Mechanism . Academy of Management Review , 22 ( 4 ) : 911 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamsma , T. and Bras , K. 2000 . “ Gili Trawangan—from Desert Island to “Marginal” Paradise: local participation, small-scale entrepreneurs and outside investors in an Indonesian tourist destination ” . In Tourism and Sustainable Community Development , Edited by: Richards , G. and Hall , D. 170 – 84 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , C. , Essex , S. and Glegg , G. 2012 . Reflective Practice for Marine Planning: a Case Study of Marine Nature-Based Tourism Partnerships . Marine Policy , 36 ( 3 ) : 769 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooiman , J. 1993 . “ Socio-Political Governance ” . In Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions , Edited by: Kooiman , J. 1 – 9 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Kooiman , J. 2003 . Governing as Governance. Available at http://VU.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=483391
   Google Scholar
• Ladkin , A. and Bertramini , A. M. 2002 . Collaborative Tourism Planning: a Case Study of Cusco, Peru . Current Issues in Tourism , 5 ( 2 ) : 71 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Laws , E. , Agrusa , J. , Scott , N. and Richins , H. 2011 . “ Tourist Destination Governance: practice, theory and issues ” . In Tourist Destination Governance: Practice, Theory and Issues , Edited by: Laws , E. , Richins , H. , Agrusa , J. and Scott , N. 1 – 16 . Wallingford : CABI .
   Google Scholar
• Long , V. and Wall , G. 1996 . Successful Tourism in Nusa Lembongan, Indonesia? . Tourism Management , 17 ( 1 ) : 43 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luck , M. 2008 . Encyclopedia of Tourism and Recreation in Marine Environments , Wallingford : CABI .
   Google Scholar
• Michael , E. J. 2007 . Micro-Clusters and Networks : the Growth of Tourism , Oxford : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , M. L. and Auyong , J. 1991 . Coastal Zone Tourism: a Potent Force Affecting Environment and Society . Marine Policy , 15 ( 2 ) : 75 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. E. and Reid , D. G. 2001 . Community Integration: Island Tourism in Peru . Annals of Tourism Research , 28 ( 1 ) : 113 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murta , I. N. 2010 . Profil Desa Lembongan, Kecamatan Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung, Provinsi Bali, 2010 (pp. 94): Departemen Dalam Negeri Direktorat Jenderal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dan Desa [The Profile of Lembongan Village, Nusa Penida sub-district, Klungkung regency, Bali Province, 2010 (pp. 94): Ministry of Home Affairs Directorate General of Community and Village Empowerment]
   Google Scholar
• Ojeda-Martinez , C. , Casalduero , F. G. , Bayle-Sempere , J. T. , Cebrian , C. B. , Valle , C. , Sanchez-Lizaso , J. L. , Forcada , A. , Sanchez-Jerez , P. , Martin-Sosa , P. , Falcon , J.M. , Salas , F. , Graziano , M. , Chemello , R. , Stobart , B. , Cartagena , P. , Perez-Ruzafa , A. , Vandeperre , F. , Rochel , E. , Planes , S. and Brito , A. 2009 . A Conceptual Framework for the Integral Management of Marine Protected Areas . Ocean and Coastal Management , 52 ( 2 ) : 89 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto , R. , Krüsi , B. O. and Kienast , F. 2007 . Degradation of an Arid Coastal Landscape in Relation to Land Use Changes in Southern Tenerife (Canary Islands) . Journal of Arid Environments , 70 ( 3 ) : 527 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picard , M. 1996 . Bali: Cultural Tourism and Touristic Culture , Singapore : Archipelago .
   Google Scholar
• Provan , K. G. and Kenis , P. 2007 . Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , 18 ( 2 ) : 229 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbe , D. 2010 . www.giliecotrust.com Available at http://www.giliecotrust.com/en/about-gili-eco-trust.html
   Google Scholar
• Sasidharan , V. and Thapa , B. 2001 . “ Sustainable Coastal and Marine Tourism Development: a Hobson's choice ” . In Island Tourism and Sustainable Development: Caribbean, Pacific, and Mediterranean Experiences , Edited by: Apostolopoulos , Y. and Gayle , D. J. 93 – 112 . Westport, Connecticut : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Segre , M. 2010 . Delphine Robbe: Taking it Personally . Jakarta Post , Available at http://www.thejakartapost.com/print/243224 (accessed 12 January 2011).
   Google Scholar
• Setiawati , I. 2009a . Residents Lack Tools to Monitor Destructive Fishing . Jakarta Post , 24 February. Available at http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/02/24/residents-lack-tools-monitor-destructive-fishing.html (accessed 24 February 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Setiawati , I. 2009b . Underwater Earth Day for Students . Jakarta Post , 23 April. Available at Please add date.http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/04/23/underwater-earth-day-students.html-0 (accessed 23 April 2010).
   Google Scholar
• Shantiuli , T. M. and Sugiyanto , C. The Challenge of Tourism Development After Decentralization in Lombok Island, West Nusatenggara, Indonesia . Paper presented at the Global Conference on Business and Finance Proceedings . 9–12 January, Sheraton Waikiki : Honolulu, Hawaii .
   Google Scholar
• Soisalon-Soininen , T. and Lindroth , K. 2006 . “ Regional Tourism Co-operation in Progress ” . In Tourism Local Systems and Networking , Edited by: Lazzeretti , L. and Petrillo , C. S. 187 – 95 . Burlington : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , E. J. , Howell , S. E.L. , Draper , D. , Yackel , J. and Tivy , A. 2007 . Sea Ice in Canada's Arctic: Implications for Cruise Tourism . Arctic , 60 ( 4 ) : 370 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suliana , I. N. 2010 . Profil Desa Jungut Batu, Kecamatan Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung, Propinsi Bali, 2010: Department Dalam Negeri Direktorat Jenderal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dan Desa [The Profile of Jungut Batu Village, Nusa Penida sub-district, Klungkung regency, Bali province, 2010: Ministry of Home Affairs Directorate General of Community and Village Empowerment]
   Google Scholar
• Suriyani , L. D. 2008 . Nusa Penida Marine Conservation Blueprint Prepared . Jakarta Post , 13 September. Available at http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/09/13/nusa-penida-marine-conservation-blueprint-prepared.html (accessed 13 September 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Svensson , B. , Nordin , S. and Flagestad , A. 2006 . “ Destination Governance and Contemporary Development Models ” . In Tourism Local Systems and Networking , Edited by: Lazzeretti , L. and Petrillo , C. S. 83 – 95 . Burlington : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , C. and Turner , P. 1997 . South-East Asia on a Shoestring , Hawthorn , VIC : Lonely Planet .
   Google Scholar
• Ver Berkmoes , R. , Skolnick , A. and Carroll , M. 2009 . Bali and Lombok, 12th edition , Footscray , VIC : Lonely Planet .
   Google Scholar
• Wardany , I. 2008 . TNC to Focus on Nusa Penida Coral Conservation . Jakarta Post , 29 January. Available at http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/01/29/tnc-focus-nusa-penida-coral-conservation.html (accessed 30 January 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , D. B. 2006 . “ Alternative Tourism ” . In Sustainable Tourism , Edited by: Weaver , D. B. 38 – 57 . Burlington : Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Wells , S. , Burgess , N. and Ngusaru , A. 2007 . Towards the 2012 Marine Protected Area Targets in Eastern Africa . Ocean and Coastal Management , 50 ( 1–2 ) : pp.67 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welly , M. 2009 . Local Community in Lembongan, Nusa Penida, Launches Community Center to Support Marine Conservation and Establishment of Nusa Penida MPA. Available at http://www.coraltrianglecenter.org/downloads/FINAL_Penida_Community_Center_Launch_NewsRelease_FEB09-EB_ENGLISH.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wesley , A. and Pforr , C. 2010 . The Governance of Coastal Tourism: Unravelling the Layers of Complexity at Smiths Beach, Western Australia . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 18 ( 6 ) : 773 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , P. W. and Ponsford , I. F. 2009 . Confronting Tourism's Environmental Paradox: Transitioning for Sustainable Tourism . Futures , 41 ( 6 ) : 396 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , P. P. 1998 . Coastal Tourism Development in Southeast Asia: Relevance and Lessons for Coastal Zone Management . Ocean and Coastal Management , 38 ( 2 ) : 89 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worachananant , S. , Carter , R. W. , Hockings , M. and Reopanichkul , P. 2008 . Managing the Impacts of Scuba divers on Thailand's coral reefs . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 16 ( 6 ) : 645 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woronowycz , R. 2010 . Ambassador Marciel Helps Launch First Marine Protected Area in Indonesia. Press release. Available at http://jakarta.usembassy.gov/pr_11222010.html
   Google Scholar
• Wunder , S. 2003 . “ Native Tourism, Natural Forests and Local Incomes on Ilha Grande, Brazil ” . In Tourism and Development in Tropical Islands: Political Ecology Perspectives , Edited by: Gossling , S. 148 – 77 . Cheltenham : Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Yepes , V. and Medina , J. R. 2005 . Land Use Tourism Models in Spanish Coastal Areas. A Case Study of the Valencia Region . Journal of Coastal Research , 49 : 83 – 8 .
   Google Scholar