Does destination perception differ based on traveler type? A case of the world gambling capital: Macau

References

• Arlt, W. G. (2013). The second wave of Chinese outbound tourism. Tourism Planning & Development, 10(2), 126–133. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2013.800350
   Google Scholar
• Baloglu, S. (2001). Image variations of Turkey by familiarity index: Informational and experiential dimensions. Tourism Management, 22(2), 127–133. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00049-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11–15.
   Google Scholar
• Baloglu, S., & Mangaloglu, M. (2001). Tourism destination images of Turkey, Egypt, Greece, and Italy as perceived by US-based tour operators and travel agents. Tourism Management, 22(1), 1–9. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00030-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00030-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beerli, A., & Martín, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657–681. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomberg. (2007, January 23). Macau overtakes Las Vegas strip in gaming revenue (Update6). Retrieved March 1, 2002, from http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aTWqxxBfzB8
   Google Scholar
• Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 349–444). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, P. M., & Fridman, D. (2011). Actors’ perceptions of the newly designated South Downs National Park: Social exchange theory and framework analysis approach. Tourism Planning & Development, 8(4), 447–465.
   Google Scholar
• Castro, C. B., Armario, E. M., & Ruiz, D. M. (2007). The influence of market heterogeneity on the relationship between a destination's image and tourists’ future behaviour. Tourism Management, 28(1), 175–187. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2005.11.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles Chancellor, H. (2012). Applying travel pattern data to destination development and marketing decisions. Tourism Planning & Development, 9(3), 321–332. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2012.693893
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhary, M. (2000). India's image as a tourist destination – a perspective of foreign tourists. Tourism Management, 21(3), 293–297. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00053-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J. S. (2001). A case study of Korean outbound travelers’ destination images by using correspondence analysis. Tourism Management, 22(4), 345–350. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00066-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., Lehto, X. R. Y., & Choi, S. J. (2009). Effects of experience on cognition, affect and satisfaction: The case of Japanese visitors to Macau. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 18(2–3), 273–293. doi: 10.1080/19368620802594151
   Google Scholar
• Crompton, J. L. (1979). An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image. Journal of Travel Research, 17(4), 18–23. doi: 10.1177/004728757901700404
   Google Scholar
• Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1993). The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment. Journal of Travel Research, 31(4), 3–13. doi: 10.1177/004728759303100402
   Google Scholar
• Gallarza, M. G., Saura, I. G., & Garcia, H. C. (2002). Destination image towards a conceptual framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29, 56–78. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00031-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladfelter, S., & Mason, R. J. (2012). Beyond boundaries: An assessment of the Yosemite National Park geotourism initiative. Tourism Planning & Development, 9(4), 355–368. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2012.726262
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Anderson, R., & Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis with readings. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hobson, J. (1995). Macau: Gambling on its future? Tourism Management, 16(3), 237–243. doi: 10.1016/0261-5177(95)91465-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyde, K. F., & Lawson, R. (2003). The nature of independent travel. Journal of Travel Research, 42, 13–23. doi: 10.1177/0047287503253944
   Google Scholar
• Jun, L., & Yan, Y. (2015). Describing and testing gender as moderator: Illustrated substantively with a hypothesized relation between image, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions. Anatolia, 26(2), 258–268. doi: 10.1080/13032917.2014.939203
   Google Scholar
• Kim, W. G., Li, J. J., Han, J. S., & Kim, Y. (2015). The influence of recent hotel amenities and green practices on guests' price premium and revisit intention. Tourism Economics. doi:10.5367/te.2015.0531.
   Google Scholar
• Kong, Y. X., Chen, C. Q., & Zheng, X. M. (2005). Tourists’ image of Macau: Assessment and analysis. China Tourism Research, 1(1), 53–67.
   Google Scholar
• Law, R., To, T., & Goh, C. (2008). How do mainland Chinese travelers choose restaurants in Hong Kong? An exploratory study of individual visit scheme travelers and packaged travelers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27, 346–354. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C. K., Lee, Y. K., & Lee, B. K. (2005). Korea's destination image formed by the 2002 World Cup. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 839–858. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2004.11.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, G., & Lee, C-H. (2009). Cross-cultural comparison of the image of Guam perceived by Korean and Japanese leisure travelers: Importance-performance analysis. Tourism Management, 30(6), 922–931. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.11.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leisen, B. (2001). Image segmentation: The case of a tourism destination. Journal of Service Marketing, 15(1), 49–66. doi: 10.1108/08876040110381517
   Google Scholar
• Li, J., Ali, F., & Kim, W. G. (2015). Reexamination of the role of destination image in tourism: An updated literature review. e-Review of Tourism Research, 12(3/4), 191–209.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, C.-H., Morais, D. B., Kerstetter, D. L., & Hou, J.-S. (2007). Examing the role of cognitive and affective image in predicting choice across natural, developed, and theme-park destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 183–194. doi: 10.1177/0047287506304049
   Google Scholar
• Liu, X., Li, J. J., & Kim, W. G. (2015). The role of travel experience in the structural relationships among tourists’ perceived image, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. Tourism and Hospitality Research. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1467358415610371
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X., Li, J. J., & Yang, Y. (2015). Travel arrangement as a moderator in image–satisfaction–behavior relations: An investigation of Chinese outbound travelers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 21(3), 225–236. doi: 10.1177/1356766714567797
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macao Special Administrative Region Government Portal. 2010. Economic development. Retrieved March 2, from http://www.gcs.gov.mo/files/factsheet/EconomyEN.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mak, A. H. N., Wong, K. K. F., & Chang, R. C. Y. (2010). Factors affecting the service quality of the tour guiding profession in Macau. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(3), 205–218. doi: 10.1002/jtr.746
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCartney, G. (2005). The impact of the 50th Macau Grand Prix on Macau's destination image. Internationl Journal of Event Management Research, 1(1), 46–65.
   Google Scholar
• McCartney, G. (2008). Does one culture all think the same? An investigation of destination image perceptions from several origins. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 63(4), 13–26.
   Google Scholar
• McCartney, G. (2009). Positive tourism image perceptions attract travelers – fact or fiction? The case of Beijing visitors to Macau. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(2), 179–193. doi: 10.1177/1356766708100823
   Google Scholar
• McCartney, G., Nadkarni, S., & Gartner, W. (2006). Macao or Macau? A case study of tourism brand image confusion among Taiwan travellers. Euro Asia Journal of Management, 16(2), 107–135.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, A. M., Hsieh, S., & O'Leary, J. T. (1993). Travel arrangement classifications for European international travellers. In R. V. Gasser & K. Weiermair (Eds.), Spoilt for choice: Decision making processes and preference changes of tourists: Proceedings of the Institute of Tourism and Service Economics international conference. November. University of Innsbruck (pp. 221–235). Thaur, Germany: Kulturvel.
   Google Scholar
• Ong, C.-E., & du Cros, H. (2012). The post-Mao gazes: Chinese backpackers in Macau. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 735–754. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitt, L. F., & Jeantrout, B. (1994). Management of customer expectations in service firms: A study and checklist. The Service Industries Journal, 14, 170–189. doi: 10.1080/02642069400000021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizam, A., & Jeong, G. H. (1996). Cross-cultural behavior: Perception of Korean tour guides. Tourism Management, 17(4), 277–286. doi: 10.1016/0261-5177(96)00019-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizam, A., & Sussman, S. (1995). Does nationality affect tourist behavior? Annals of Tourism Management, 22(4), 901–917. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(95)00023-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, H. L., Kim, L. H., & Im, H. H. (2011). A model of destination branding: Integrating the concepts of the branding and destination image. Tourism Management, 32(3), 465–476. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuters. (2014). Macau gambling revenue posts first decline in more than four years. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/01/macau-gambling-revenues-idUSL4N0PC21A20140701
   Google Scholar
• Russel, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1161–1178. doi: 10.1037/h0077714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpley, R. (2000). Tourism and sustainable development: Exploring the theoretical divide. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(1), 1–19. doi: 10.1080/09669580008667346
   Google Scholar
• Siu, Y. M., Wan, Y. K., & Dong, P. (2012). The impact of the servicescape on the desire to stay in convention and exhibition centers: The case of Macau. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 236–246. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.06.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• So, S-I. (A), Li, M., & Lehto, X. (2011). Perceptions of convention attendees towards integrated resort: A case study of Macau. Proceeding for the I-CHRIE Conference, Denver, Colorado USA from 27–30 July.
   Google Scholar
• Steven, S. (2014). Macau VIP gambling revenue to shrink 5% as other Asian casinos get grabby. Retrieved from http://calvinayre.com/2014/09/05/casino/macau-vip-gambling-revenue-poached-regional-competitors/
   Google Scholar
• Tang, L., Choi, S., & Morrison, A. M. (2007). The many faces of Macau: A correspondence analysis of the images communicated by online tourism information sources in English and Chinese. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(1), 79–94. doi: 10.1177/1356766708098173
   Google Scholar
• Wan, Y. K. P., & Chan, S. H. J. (2013). Factors that affect the levels of tourists' satisfaction and loyalty towards food festivals: a case study of Macau. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(3), 226–240.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, I. A. (2011). Using destination attributes to promote event travel: The case of Macau. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 12(4), 241–252. doi: 10.1080/15470148.2011.619884
   Google Scholar
• Wong, I. A., & Cheng, M. (2014). Exploring the effects of heritage site image on souvenir shopping attitudes: The moderating role of perceived cultural difference. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31(4), 476–492. doi: 10.1080/10548408.2014.883351
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, I. A., McKercher, B., & Li, X. (2014). East meets West: Tourist interest in hybrid culture at postcolonial destinations. Journal of Travel Research. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0047287514563984
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, I. A., & Rosenbaum, M. S. (2012). Beyond hardcore gambling: Understanding why mainland Chinese visit casinos in Macau. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 36(1), 32–51. doi: 10.1177/1096348010380600
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, S., & Lau, E. (2001). Understanding the behavior of Hong Kong Chinese tourists on group tour packages. Journal of Travel Research, 40, 57–67. doi: 10.1177/004728750104000108
   Google Scholar
• WTTC. (2015). Travel & tourism economic impact 2015 Macau. Retrieved from http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/countries%202015/macau2015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., Liu, X., Jing, F., & Li, J. (2014). How does perceived value affect travelers’ satisfaction and loyalty? Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 42(10), 1733–1744. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2014.42.10.1733
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., Liu, X., & Li, J. (2015). How customer experience affects the customer-based brand equity for tourism destinations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/10548408.2014.997959
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, Z., Prentice, C., & King, B. E. (2014). To gamble or not? Perceptions of Macau among Mainland Chinese and Hong Kong visitors. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(2), 105–112. doi: 10.1002/jtr.1902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, G. (2004). Macau gaming: Copying the Las Vegas style or creating a Macau model? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 9(1), 89–96. doi: 10.1080/10941660410001695278
   Google Scholar
• Ziff-Levine. (1990). The cultural logic gap: A Japanese tourism research experience. Tourism Management, 11(2), 105–110. doi: 10.1016/0261-5177(90)90025-5
   Google Scholar