Creating or destroying value for users? Lessons about activation from qualitative studies in Norway and Denmark

References

• Alford, J. 2016. “Co-Production, Interdependence and Publicness: Extending Public Service-Dominant Logic.” Public Management Review 18 (5): 673–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1111659.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Åsheim, H. 2018. “Den institusjonelle utholdenheten.” Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning 21 (3): 257–270. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2464-3076-2018-03-05.
   Google Scholar
• Åsheim, H. 2019. “«Du vil ha behov for ytterligere arbeidstrening». En studie av begrunnelser i arbeidsavklaringsprosess.” Norsk Sosiologisk Tidsskrift 3 (4): 238–253. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2535-2512-2019-04-01.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, V., and O. Van Vliet. 2022. “Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis Across 26 OECD Countries.” Journal of Social Policy 51 (4): 728–750. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279421000386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozeman, B. 2019. “Public Values: Citizens’ Perspective.” Public Management Review 21 (6): 817–838. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1529878.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2021. “One Size Fits All? What Counts as Quality Practice in (Reflexive) Thematic Analysis?” Qualitative Research in Psychology 18 (3): 328–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, H., P. Taylor-Gooby, and B. Leruth. 2018. “Political Legitimacy and Welfare State Futures: Introduction.” Social Policy & Administration 52 (4): 835–846. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danneris, S. 2018. “Ready to Work (Yet)? Unemployment Trajectories Among Vulnerable Welfare Recipients.” Qualitative Social Work 17 (3): 355–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325016672916.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danneris, S., and D. Caswell. 2019. “Exploring the Ingredients of Success: Studying Trajectories of the Vulnerable Unemployed Who Have Entered Work or Education in Denmark.” Social Policy & Society 18 (4): 615–629. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746419000198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danneris, S., and M. H. Nielsen. 2018. “Bringing the Client Back In: A Comparison Between Political Rationality and the Experiences of the Unemployed.” Social Policy & Administration 52 (7): 1441–1454. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depraetere, J., C. Vandeviver, I. Keygnaert, and T. V. Beken. 2021. “The Critical Interpretive Synthesis: An Assessment of Reporting Practices.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 24 (6): 669–689. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2020.1799637.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon-Woods, M., D. Cavers, S. Agarwal, E. Annandale, A. Arthur, J. Harvey, R. Hsu, et al. 2006. “Conducting a Critical Interpretive Synthesis of the Literature on Access to Healthcare by Vulnerable Groups.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 6 (1): 35–35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-6-35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dølvik, J. E., T. Fløtten, J. M. Hippe, and B. Jordfald. 2015. The Nordic Model Towards 2030. A New Chapter? Oslo: Fafo.
   Google Scholar
• Engen, M., M. Fransson, J. Quist, and P. Skålén. 2020. “Continuing the Development of the Public Service Logic: A Study of Value Co-Destruction in Public Services.” Public Management Review 23 (6): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2020.1720354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fledderus, J., T. Brandsen, and M. E. Honingh. 2015. “User Co-Production of Public Service Delivery: An Uncertainty Approach.” Public Policy and Administration 30 (2): 145–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076715572362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuertes, V., and R. McQuaid. 2016. “Personalized Activation Policies for the Long-Term Unemployed: The Role of Local Governance in the UK.” In Integrating Social and Employment Policies in Europe, edited by M. Heidenreich, and D. Rice, 93–117. Cheltenham Glos: Edward Elgar publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Fugletveit, R., and A.-M. Lofthus. 2021. “From the Desk to the cyborg’s Faceless Interaction in the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration.” Nordisk välfärdsforskning | Nordic Welfare Research 6 (2): 77–92. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2464-4161-2021-02-01.
   Google Scholar
• Grönroos, C. 2019. “Reforming Public Services: Does Service Logic Have Anything to Offer?” Public Management Review 21 (5): 775–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1529879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gubrium, E. 2013. “Participant Meaning-Making Along the Work Trajectory of a Labour Activation Programme.” In Turning Troubles into Problems: Clientization in Human Services, edited by J. F. Gubrium and M. Järvinen, 137–154. London: Taylor and Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Gubrium, E., and M. S. Leirvik. 2022. “Taking Time Seriously: Biographical Circumstance and Immigrant Labor Integration Experience.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 23 (1): 303–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00830-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagelund, A., E. Øverbye, A. Hatland, and L. I. Terum. 2016. “Sanksjoner–arbeidslinjas nattside?” Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning 19 (1): 24–43. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2464-3076-2016-01-02.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, H. C. 2018. “Recognition and Gendered Identity Constructions in Labour Activation: Gendered Identity Constructions.” International Journal of Social Welfare 27 (2): 186–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, H. C., and E. Gubrium. 2021. “Activating the Person in the Changing Situation: A Dynamic Analytical Approach to Labour Activation.” Journal of Comparative Social Work 16 (1): 62–84. https://doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v16i1.373.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, H. C., and E. Gubrium. 2022. “Moving Forward, Waiting or Standing Still? Service users’ Experiences from a Norwegian Labour Activation Programme.” European Journal of Social Work 25 (6): 1007–1018. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2022.2077316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, H. T., K. Lundberg, and L. J. Syltevik. 2018. “Digitalization, Street‐Level Bureaucracy and Welfare users’ Experiences.” Social Policy & Administration 52 (1): 67–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, L. S., and M. H. Nielsen. 2021. “Working Less, Not More in a Workfare Programme: Group Solidarity, Informal Norms and Alternative Value Systems Amongst Activated Participants.” Journal of Social Policy 52 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279421000301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley, J., J. Alford, E. Knies, and S. Douglas. 2017. “Towards an Empirical Research Agenda for Public Value Theory.” Public Management Review 19 (5): 670–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2016.1192166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houston, S. 2019. “Extending Bourdieu for critical social work Webb.” In The Routledge Handbook of Critical Social Work, edited by A. Stephen. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain, M. A., M. Ejrnæs, and J. E. L. M. Larsen. 2021. “Are Benefit Reductions an Effective Activation Strategy? The Case of the Lowest Benefit Recipients in Denmark.” Journal of Social Policy 50 (3): 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279420000318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jørgensen, T. B., and M. R. Rutgers. 2015. “Public Values: Core or Confusion? Introduction to the Centrality and Puzzlement of Public Values Research.” The American Review of Public Administration 45 (1): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014545781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreiner, C. T., and M. Svarer. 2022. “Danish Flexicurity: Rights and Duties.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 36 (4): 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.36.4.81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, F., and D. Caswell. 2022. “Co-Creation in an Era of Welfare Conditionality – Lessons from Denmark.” Journal of Social Policy 51 (1): 58–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279420000665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsay, C., S. Pearson, E. Batty, A. M. Cullen, and W. Eadson. 2018. “Co-Production as a Route to Employability: Lessons from Services with Lone Parents.” Public Administration 96 (2): 318–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg, K. 2018. “The Welfare Subject in the “One-Stop Shop”: Agency in Troublesome Welfare Encounters.” Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 45 (2): 119–139. https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.4098.
   Google Scholar
• Natland, S., E. Bjerke, and T. B. Torstensen. 2019. “«Jeg fikk blankpusset håpet om at jeg hadde en framtid» Opplevelser av god hjelp i møter med Nav.” Fontene. https://fontene.no/forskning/jeg-fikk-blankpusset-hapet-om-at-jeg-hadde-en-framtid-6.584.876742.6a95922d51.
   Google Scholar
• Nederhand, J., and I. Meerkerk. 2018. “Activating Citizens in Dutch Care Reforms: Framing New Co-Production Roles and Competences for Citizens and Professionals.” Policy & Politics 46 (4): 533–550. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557317X15035697297906.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, L. O., S. Danneris, and M. Monrad. 2021. “Waiting and Temporal Control: The Temporal Experience of Long-Term Unemployment.” Time & Society 30 (2): 176–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X20987748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nothdurfter, U., and K. Hermans. 2018. “Meeting (Or Not) at the Street Level? A Literature Review on Street‐Level Research in Public Management, Social Policy and Social Work.” International Journal of Social Welfare 27 (3): 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowell, L. S., J. M. Norris, D. E. White, and N. J. Moules. 2017. “Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 16 (1): 1609406917733847. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. 1994. The OECD Jobs Study: Facts, Analysis, Strategies. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Ohls, C. 2020. “Dignity‐Based Practices in Norwegian Activation Work.” International Journal of Social Welfare 29 (2): 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen, S. P., and L. Eskelinen. 2011. “Short Narratives As a Qualitative Approach to Effects of Social Work Interventions.” Nordic Social Work Research 1 (1): 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/2156857X.2011.562038.
   Google Scholar
• Osborne, S. P. 2020. Public Service Logic: Creating Value for Public Service Users, Citizens, and Society Through Public Service Delivery. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Osborne, S. P., G. Nasi, and M. Powell. 2021. “Beyond Co‐Production: Value Creation and Public Services.” Public Administration 99 (4): 641–657. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, D. 2017. “How Governance Conditions Affect the Individualization of Active Labour Market Services: An Exploratory Vignette Study.” Public Administration 95 (2): 468–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Røhnebæk, M., and M. Bjerck. 2021. “Enabling and Constraining Conditions for Co-Production with Vulnerable Users: A Case Study of Refugee Services.” International Journal of Public Administration 44 (9): 741–752. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2021.1908355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddaway, A. P., A. M. Wood, and L. V. Hedges. 2019. “How to Do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and Reporting Narrative Reviews, Meta-Analyses, and Meta-Syntheses.” Annual Review of Psychology 70 (1): 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solheim, I. J., S. Gudmundsdottir, M. Husabø, and A. M. Øien. 2021. “The Importance of Relationships in the Encounter Between NAV Staff and Young, Vulnerable Users. An Action Research Study.” European Journal of Social Work 24 (4): 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2020.1783213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Berkel, R. 2020. “Making Welfare Conditional: A Street-Level Perspective.” Social Policy & Administration 54 (2): 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Berkel, R. I. K. 2010. “The Provision of Income Protection and Activation Services for the Unemployed in ‘Active’ Welfare States. An International Comparison.” Journal of Social Policy 39 (1): 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279409990389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Berkel, R., D. Caswell, P. Kupka, and F. Larsen. 2017. Frontline Delivery of Welfare-To-Work Policies in Europe: Activating the Unemployed. London: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• van Berkel, R., and E. Knies. 2018. “The Frontline Delivery of Activation: Workers’ Preferences and Their Antecedents.” European Journal of Social Work 21 (4): 602–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2017.1297774.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Berkel, R., and B. Valkenburg. 2007. “The Individualisation of Activation Services in Context.” In Making it Personal, edited by R. van Berkel and B. Valkenburg, 3–22. 1st ed. Bristol University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qgz1t.6.
   Google Scholar
• van Gerven, M., T. Malava, P. Saikku, and M. Mesiäislehto. 2024. “Towards a New Era in the Governance of Integrated Activation: A Systematic Review of the Literature on the Governance of Welfare Benefits and Employment-Related Services in Europe (2010–21).” Social Policy & Administration 58 (3): 329–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargo, S. L., and R. F. Lusch. 2008. “Service-Dominant Logic: Continuing the Evolution.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 36 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0069-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vooren, M., C. Haelermans, W. Groot, and H. Maassen van den Brink. 2019. “The Effectiveness of Active Labor Market Policies: A Meta‐Analysis.” Journal of Economic Surveys 33 (1): 125–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wathne, K. 2021. “‘They Said I wasn’t Sick enough’: Pain As Negotiation in Workfare.” Nordic Social Work Research 13 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/2156857X.2021.1958909.
   Google Scholar
• Wik, S. 2019. “Unge med funksjonsnedsettelser i lange forløp på NAV.” Søkelys på arbeidslivet 36 (4): 231–245. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-7989-2019-04-02.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, S. 2016. “Conceptualising the Active Welfare Subject: Welfare Reform in Discourse, Policy and Lived Experience.” Policy & Politics 44 (2): 235–252. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557314X13904856745154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, S., D. R. Fletcher, and A. B. Stewart. 2020. “Punitive Benefit Sanctions, Welfare Conditionality, and the Social Abuse of Unemployed People in Britain: Transforming Claimants into Offenders?” Social Policy & Administration 54 (2): 278–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, S., and R. Patrick. 2019. “Welfare Conditionality in Lived Experience: Aggregating Qualitative Longitudinal Research.” Social Policy & Society 18 (4): 597–613. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746419000204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann, K., J.-O. Heuer, and S. Mau. 2018. “Changing Preferences Towards Redistribution: How Deliberation Shapes Welfare Attitudes.” Social Policy & Administration 52 (5): 969–982. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar