Value creation and free labour in digital development agendas: evidence from Colombia

References

• Acemoglu, D., and J. A. Robinson. 2012. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. London: Profile.
   Google Scholar
• Arvidsson, A., and E. Colleoni. 2012. “Value in Informational Capitalism and on the Internet.” The Information Society 28 (3): 135–150. doi:10.1080/01972243.2012.669449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ávila Pinto, R. 2018. “Digital Sovereignty or Digital Colonialism?” Sur International Journal on Human Rights 15 (27): 15–28.
   Google Scholar
• Birch, K. 2020. “Technoscience Rent: Toward a Theory of Rentiership for Technoscientific Capitalism.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 45 (1): 3–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch, K., M. Chiappetta, and A. Artyushina. 2020. “The Problem of Innovation in Technoscientific Capitalism: Data Rentiership and the Policy Implications of Turning Personal Digital Data Into a Private Asset.” Policy Studies 41 (5): 468–487. doi:10.1080/01442872.2020.1748264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boldrin, M., and D. K. Levine. 2008. Against Intellectual Monopoly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, B. 2014. “Will Work For Free: The Biopolitics of Unwaged Digital Labour.” tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique 12 (2): 694–712.
   Google Scholar
• Cardoso, F. H., and E. Faletto. 1979. Dependency and Development in Latin America [Dependencia y desarrollo en América Latina, engl.]. Los Angeles, CA: Univ of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Casilli, A. A. 2017. “Global Digital Culture| Digital Labor Studies Go Global: Toward a Digital Decolonial Turn.” International Journal of Communication 11: 3934–3954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, H. J. 2003. Globalization, Economic Development and the Role of the State. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, H.-J. 2010. “Industrial Policy: Can We Go Beyond an Unproductive Confrontation?” Discussion Paper No. 2010/1. Turkish Economic Association, Ankara. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/81629.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, H. J., and I. Grabel. 2014. Reclaiming Development: An Alternative Economic Policy Manual. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Chenou, J.-M. 2021. “Varieties of Digital Capitalism and the Role of the State in Internet Governance. A View from Latin America.” In Power and Authority in Internet Governance: Return of the State?, edited by B. Haggart, N. Tusikov, and J. A. Scholte, 195–218. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Couldry, N., and U. A. Mejias. 2019. The Costs of Connection: How Data is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• DANE. 2018. “Indicadores básicos de tenencia y uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación – TIC en hogares y personas de 5 y más años.” https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/boletines/tic/bol_tic_hogares_2018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Departamento Nacional de Planeación. 2006. Estado Comunitario: desarrollo para todos. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2006–2010.
   Google Scholar
• Departamento Nacional de Planeación. 2018. Pacto por Colombia, pacto por la equidad. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2018–2022.
   Google Scholar
• Drisko, J. W., and T. Maschi. 2016. Content Analysis. Oxford. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Durand, C., and W. Milberg. 2020. “Intellectual Monopoly in Global Value Chains.” Review of International Political Economy 27 (2): 404–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ECLAC [CEPAL]. 2016. La nueva revolución digital. De la Internet del consumo a la Internet de la producción. Santiago de Chile: Naciones Unidas. S.16-00780.
   Google Scholar
• Fast, K., H. Örnebring, and M. Karlsson. 2016. “Metaphors of Free Labor: A Typology of Unpaid Work in the Media Sector.” Media, Culture & Society 38 (7): 963–978.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feenberg, A. 2017. Technosystem. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foley, D. K. 2013. “Rethinking Financial Capitalism and the “Information” Economy.” Review of Radical Political Economics 45 (3): 257–268. doi:10.1177/0486613413487154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes. 2020. “We Have to Make Colombia the Silicon Valley of Latin America”. September. https://forbes.co/2020/09/02/tecnologia/tenemos-que-lograr-que-colombia-sea-el-silicon-valley-de-america-latina/.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, C., and S. Azmeh. 2020. “Latecomer Economies and National Digital Policy: An Industrial Policy Perspective.” The Journal of Development Studies 56 (7): 1247–1262. doi:10.1080/00220388.2019.1677886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs, C. 2014. Digital Labour and Karl Marx. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Fuchs, C. 2021. “The Digital Commons and the Digital Public Sphere: How to Advance Digital Democracy Today.” Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture 16 (1): 9–26. doi:10.16997/wpcc.917.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs, C., and E. Fisher, eds. 2015. Reconsidering Value and Labour in the Digital age. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Giles, M. 2018. “Ha llegado la hora de controlar a los tres gigantes de los datos”. MIT Technology Review, July 4. https://www.technologyreview.es/s/10322/ha-llegado-la-hora-de-controlar-los-tres-gigantes-de-los-datos.
   Google Scholar
• Global Web Index. 2019. “The Consumer Trends to Know: 2019.” https://www.globalwebindex.com/2019-consumer-trends.
   Google Scholar
• Gruber, H. 2019. “Proposals for a Digital Industrial Policy for Europe.” Telecommunications Policy 43 (2): 116–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haggart, B., N. Tusikov, and J. A. Scholte. 2021. Power and Authority in Internet Governance: Return of the State? London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hardt, M., and A. Negri. 2000. Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hardt, M., and A. Negri. 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. London: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• ITU. 2021. Percentage of Individuals Using the Internet. Geneva: ITU Statistics. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Katz, R. L. 2015. El ecosistema y la economía digital en América Latina. Madrid: Fundación Telefónica, Editorial Ariel, CEPAL.
   Google Scholar
• Kwet, M. 2019. “Digital Colonialism: US Empire and the new Imperialism in the Global South.” Race & Class 60 (4): 3–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La República. 2020a. “CAF Believes That Colombia Could Be the Next Silicon Valley in Latin America.” November 5. https://www.larepublica.co/globoeconomia/caf-cree-que-colombia-podria-ser-el-proximo-silicon-valley-de-america-latina-3084720.
   Google Scholar
• La República. 2020b. “There Will Be a Technological Revolution in the Dian System with an Investment of US$250 Million.” September 7. https://www.larepublica.co/economia/habra-un-revolcon-tecnologico-en-el-sistema-de-la-dian-con-una-inversion-de-us250-millones-3055593.
   Google Scholar
• Lazzarato, M.. 1996. “Immaterial Labour.” In Contemporary Marxist Theory, edited by A. Pendakis, J. Diamanti, N. Brown, J. Robinson, and I. Szeman, 77–91. New York, NY: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Manyika, J., and M. Roxburgh. 2011. The Great Transformer: The Impact of the Internet on Economic Growth and Prosperity. New York: McKinsley Global Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzucato, M. 2013. The Entrepreneurial State, Debunking Private vs. Public Sector Myths in Risk and Innovation. London: Anthem Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzucato, M. 2018. The Value of Everything: Making and Taking in the Global Economy. New York, NY: PublicAffairs.
   Google Scholar
• Ministerio de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones. 2010. Vive Digital, Colombia.
   Google Scholar
• Ministerio de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones. 2014. Vive Digital, Colombia.
   Google Scholar
• Negri, A. 1991. Marx Beyond Marx Lessons on the Grundrisse. New York: Autonomedia.
   Google Scholar
• Nuccio, M., and M. Guerzoni. 2019. “Big Data: Hell or Heaven? Digital Platforms and Market Power in the Data-Driven Economy.” Competition & Change 23 (3): 312–328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. 2019. OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Colombia. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/781185b1-en.
   Google Scholar
• Ouma, S., J. Stenmanns, and J. Verne. 2019. “African Economies: Simply Connect? Problematizing the Discourse on Connectivity in Logistics and Communication.” In Digital Economies at Global Margins, edited by Mark Graham, 341–357. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pack, H., and K. Saggi. 2006. The Case for Industrial Policy: A Critical Survey. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Pieterse, J. N. 2010. “Digital Capitalism and Development: The Unbearable Lightness of ICT4D.” In Emerging Digital Spaces in Contemporary Society, edited by P. Kalantzis-Cope and K. Gherab-Martín, 305–323. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230299047_50.
   Google Scholar
• Pohle, J., and T. Thiel. 2020. “Digital Sovereignty.” Internet Policy Review 9 (4): 1–19. doi:10.14763/2020.4.1532.
   Google Scholar
• Presidencia de la República de Colombia. 2018. “Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (2018–2022) Pacto por Colombia, pacto por la equidad.”
   Google Scholar
• QSR International. 1999. “NVivo Qualitative Data Analysis Software [Software].” https://qsrinternational.com/nvivo/nvivo-products/.
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. 2018. “R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.” R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. https://www.R-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Republic of Colombia. 1991. “Constitución Política de Colombia.”
   Google Scholar
• Rikap, C., and B-Å Lundvall. 2020. “Big Tech, Knowledge Predation and the Implications for Development.” Innovation and Development 1–28.
   Google Scholar
• Rotta, T., and R. Teixeira. 2013. “Modern Rent-Bearing Capital: New Enclosures, Knowledge-Rent and the Financialization of Monopoly Rights.” Jokyo 2013 (July): 40–67.
   Google Scholar
• Rotta, T., and R. A. Teixeira. 2016. “The Autonomisation of Abstract Wealth: New Insights on the Labour Theory of Value.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 40 (4): 1185–1201. doi:10.1093/cje/bev028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadowski, J. 2019. “When Data Is Capital: Datafication, Accumulation, and Extraction.” Big Data & Society 6 (1): 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadowski, J. 2020. Too Smart: How Digital Capitalism is Extracting Data, Controlling Our Lives, and Taking Over the World. Cambrige, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scholz, T. 2013. Digital Labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Scholz, T. 2016. Platform Cooperativism, Challenging the Corporate Sharing Economy. New York: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Silge, J., and D. Robinson. 2016. “tidytext: Text Mining and Analysis Using Tidy Data Principles in R.” Journal of Open Source Software 1 (3): 37–39.
   Google Scholar
• Silge, J., and D. Robinson. 2017. Text Mining with R: A Tidy Approach. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media.
   Google Scholar
• Smythe, D. W. 1960. “On the Political Economy of Communications.” Journalism Quarterly 37 (4): 563–572. doi:10.1177/107769906003700409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srnicek, N. 2017. Platform Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Statista. 2020. “Global Digital Population as of April 2020.” https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/.
   Google Scholar
• Tarnoff, B. 2018. “The Data Is Ours.” https://logicmag.io/04-the-data-is-ours/.
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira, R. A., and T. N. Rotta. 2012. “Valueless Knowledge-Commodities and Financialization: Productive and Financial Dimensions of Capital Autonomization.” Review of Radical Political Economics 44 (4): 448–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terranova, T. 2000. “Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy.” Social Text 18 (2): 33–58.
   Google Scholar
• UNCTAD. 2015. Internet Broadband for an inclusive Digital Society: UNCTAD Current Studies on Science, Technology and Innovation. No. 11. Geneva: UNCTAD.
   Google Scholar
• UNCTAD. 2019. “Digital Economy Report 2019. Value Creation and Capture: Implications for Developing Countries.” UNCTAD/DER/2019. Accessed 17 July 2020. https://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=2466, last.
   Google Scholar
• Unwin, T. 2019. “Digital Economies at Global Margins: A Warning from the Dark Tim Side.” In Digital Economies at Global Margins, edited by Mark Graham, 43–47. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• van den Broek, D. 2010. “From Terranova to Terra Firma: A Critique of the Role of Free Labour and the Digital Economy.” The Economic and Labour Relations Review 20 (2): 123–133. doi:10.1177/103530461002000209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virno, P., and M. Hardt, eds. 1996. Radical Thought in Italy: A Potential Politics. Minneapolis, MN: Univ of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wickham, H. 2016. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. 2018. Case Study Research and Applications. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar