337
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

From circulating liberalism to tech nationalism: U.S. soft power and Silicon Valley

ORCID Icon

References

  • Ahmed, S. and Weber, S. 2018. China’s long game in techno-nationalism. First Monday.
  • Anholt, S., 2007. Competitive identity: the new brand management for nations, cities and regions. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Aouragh, M. and Chakravartty, P., 2016. Infrastructures of empire: towards a critical geopolitics of media and information studies. Media, Culture & Society, 38 (4), 559–575. doi:10.1177/0163443716643007
  • Aronczyk, M., 2013. Branding the nation: the global business of national identity. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Bateman, J., 2022. U.S.-China technological “Decoupling”: a strategy and policy framework. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  • Baykurt, B., 2021. Circulating liberalism: the global internet and soft-power internationalism. In: B. Baykurt and V. De Grazia, eds. Soft-power internationalism: competing for cultural influence in the 21st-century global order. New York: Columbia University Press, 60–82.
  • Baykurt, B. and de Grazia, V., 2021. Introduction: soft-power internationalism. In: B. Baykurt and V. De Grazia, eds. Soft-power internationalism: competing for cultural influence in the 21st-century global order. New York: Columbia University Press, 1–18.
  • Bolin, G. and Miazhevich, G., 2018. The soft power of commercialised nationalist symbols: using media analysis to understand nation branding campaigns. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21 (5), 527–542. doi:10.1177/1367549417751153
  • Bordelon, B., 2019. Fight over censorship, human rights further Frays tech ties between U.S. and China. National Journal Daily AM (USA), Oct 15.
  • Cowan, G. and Cull, N.J., 2008. Public diplomacy in a changing world. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616 (1), 6–8. doi:10.1177/0002716207312143
  • Crawford, A. 2021. Techno-nationalism inflames a fragile world. Bloomberg, Dec 16.
  • Cull, N.J., 2011. WikiLeaks, public diplomacy 2.0 and the state of digital public diplomacy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 7 (1), 1–8. doi:10.1057/pb.2011.2
  • de Grazia, V., 2021. Soft-power United States versus normative power Europe: competing Ideals of Hegemony in the post-cold War West, 1990-2015. In: B. Baykurt and V. de Grazia, eds. Soft-power internationalism: competing for cultural influence in the 21st-century global order. New York: Columbia University Press, 19–59.
  • D’Onfro, J. 2018. Google gears up for congressional hearing with patriotic prepared remarks. CNBC.
  • Dyson, E., 1996. Cyberspace and the American Dream: a Magna Carta for the Knowledge Age (Release 1.2, August 22, 1994). The Information Society, 12 (3), 295–308. doi:10.1080/019722496129486
  • Entman, R.M., 2008. Theorizing mediated public diplomacy: the US case. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 13 (2), 87–102. doi:10.1177/1940161208314657
  • Flichy, P., 2007. The internet imaginaire. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT press.
  • Gallarotti, G.M., 2021. The more things change, the more they …: the changing faces of power 1979-2019. Journal of Political Power, 14 (1), 1–10. doi:10.1080/2158379X.2021.1876990
  • Gewirtz, J. and Weigel, M., 2019. Grindr and the ‘new cold war’: why US concerns over the app are dangerous. The Guardian, May 18. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/18/grindr-us-security-china-new-cold-war
  • Gilboa, E., 2008. Searching for a theory of public diplomacy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616 (1), 55–77. doi:10.1177/0002716207312142
  • Gramer, R., 2020 . Trump turning more countries in Europe against Huawei. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/27/trump-europe-huawei-china-us-competition-geopolitics-5g-slovakia/
  • Graphika and Stanford Internet Observatory. 2022. Unheard Voice: evaluating five years of pro-Western covert influence operations. Stanford Digital Repository. Available at https://purl.stanford.edu/nj914nx9540 (Accessed 30 Aug 2022)
  • Harris, B., 2013. Diplomacy 2.0: the future of social media in nation branding. Exchange: The Journal of Public Diplomacy, 4 (1), 3.
  • Hayden, C., 2012. Social media at state: power, practice, and conceptual limits for US public diplomacy. Global Media Journal, 11, 20.
  • Jack, M. and Avle, S., 2021. A feminist geopolitics of technology. Global Perspectives, 2 (1), 24398. doi:10.1525/gp.2021.24398
  • Johnson, A., 2019. 2019. Data centers as infrastructural in-betweens: expanding connections and enduring marginalities in Iceland. American Ethnologist, 41 (1), 75–88. doi:10.1111/amet.12735
  • Kaneva, N., 2011. Nation branding: toward an agenda for critical research. International Journal of Communication, 5, 25.
  • Kearn, D.W., 2011. The hard truths about soft power. Journal of Political Power, 4 (1), 65–85. doi:10.1080/2158379X.2011.556869
  • Kiggins, R.D., 2015. Open for expansion: US policy and the purpose for the internet in the post–cold War Era. International Studies Perspectives, 16 (1), 86–105. doi:10.1111/insp.12032
  • Kokas, A., 2020. Chilling Netflix: financialization, and the influence of the Chinese market on the American entertainment industry. Information, Communication & Society, 23 (3), 407–419. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2018.1510534
  • Kraidy, M.M. and Al-Ghazzi, O., 2013. Neo-Ottoman cool: Turkish popular culture in the Arab public sphere. Popular Communication, 11 (1), 17–29. doi:10.1080/15405702.2013.747940
  • Layne, C., 2010. The unbearable lightness of soft power. In: I. Parmar and M. Cox, eds. Soft power and US foreign policy. London: Routledge, 63–94.
  • Lecher, C. 2019. T-Mobile’s merger pitch to congress is about China beating America on 5G. The Verge.
  • Lynch, D.J. 2018. U.S. companies banned from selling to China’s ZTE telecom maker. The Washington Post, 16 Apr.
  • Marx, P. 2021. Peter Thiel embodies Silicon Valley’s conservative past and dystopian future. Jacobin, 9 Oct.
  • Mayer, V., 2018. From peat to Google power: communications infrastructures and structures of feeling in Groningen. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 24 (4), 901–915. doi:10.1177/1367549420935898
  • McClory, J. and Harvey, O., 2016. The soft power 30: getting to grips with the measurement challenge. Global Affairs, 2 (3), 309–319. doi:10.1080/23340460.2016.1239379
  • Molla, R. 2019. Mark Zuckerberg said a lot of nothing in his big speech Vox.com. https://www.vox.com/2019/10/17/20919505/mark-zuckerberg-georgetown-free-speech-facebook Accessed 29 09 2022.
  • Morozov, E. 2018. US power to rule a digital world ebbs away. The Guardian, 9 Jun.
  • Morozov, E. 2020. The Huawei war. Le Monde Diplomatique, November.
  • Nye, Jr, J.S, 1990. Soft Power. Foreign Policy, 80, 153–171.
  • Nye, Jr, J.S, 2009. Smart power. New Perspectives Quarterly, 26 (2), 7–9. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5842.2009.01057.x
  • Nye, Jr, J.S, and Owens, W.A., 1996. America’s information edge. Foreign Affairs, 75 (2), 20. doi:10.2307/20047486
  • Omer, A. 2020. Networks of dust: media, infrastructure, and ecology along the China-Pakistan economic corridor. Dissertation (Ph.D.) New York University.
  • Ong, J.C. and Cabañes, J.V. 2018. Architects of networked disinformation: behind the scenes of troll accounts and fake news production in the Philippines. Newton Tech4Dev Network.
  • Pamilih, J. 2021. The Chinese government is preparing for a future of tech nationalism - Britain must get ready to counter it. The Telegraph, 13 Aug.
  • Powers, S. and Gilboa, E., 2007. The public diplomacy of Al Jazeera. In: P. Seib, eds. New media and the new Middle East. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 53–80.
  • Powers, S.M. and Jablonski, M., 2015. The real cyber war: the political economy of internet freedom. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Pozen, D.E., 2020. 5. The De-Americanization of internet freedom. In: D. Pozen, eds. The perilous public square: structural threats to free expression today. New York: Columbia University Press, 237–276.
  • Price, M.E., 2002. Media and sovereignty: the global information revolution and its challenge to state power. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  • Repnikova, M., 2022. The balance of soft power: the American and Chinese quests to win hearts and minds. Foreign Affairs, 101, 44–51.
  • Roselle, L., Miskimmon, A., and O’loughlin, B., 2014. Strategic narrative: a new means to understand soft power. Media, War & Conflict, 7 (1), 70–84. doi:10.1177/1750635213516696
  • Schmidt, E. Silicon valley could lose to China , 2020. Feb 27The New York Times.
  • Selby, J., 2017. Data localization laws: trade barriers or legitimate responses to cybersecurity risks, or both? International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 25 (3), 213–232. doi:10.1093/ijlit/eax010
  • Stuenkel, O., 2016. Post-Western world: how emerging powers are remaking global order. Malden, MA: Polity Press.
  • Tan, J.S. 2020. Big Tech embraces new cold war nationalism. Foreign Policy, Aug 27.
  • Tan, J.S. and Weigel, M., 2022. Organizing in (and against) a new cold war: the case of 996. ICU. In: M. Graham and F. Ferrari, eds. Digital work in the planetary market. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 209–228.
  • Vangeli, A., 2020. Belt and road and China’s attempt at region building in Central-East and Southeast Europe. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 49 (1), 14–32. doi:10.1177/1868102620953439
  • Wang, X. 2020. How the theatrics of banning tiktok enables repression at home. The Nation, Oct 8.
  • Weigel, M. 2020. Palantir, tech nationalism & aggression in the life world. Future Histories Podcast. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWF7qopz-yA (Accessed 15 August 2022)
  • West, S.M., 2019. Data capitalism: redefining the logics of surveillance and privacy. Business & Society, 58 (1), 20–41. doi:10.1177/0007650317718185
  • Winseck, D., 2017. The geopolitical economy of the global internet infrastructure. Journal of Information Policy, 7 (1), 228–267. doi:10.5325/jinfopoli.7.2017.0228
  • Yanqiu, Z. and Matingwina, S., 2016. Constructive journalism: a new journalistic paradigm of Chinese media in Africa. In: X. Zhang, H. Wasserman, and W. Mano, eds. China’s media and soft power in Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 93–105.
  • Zhong, R. 2018. China’s Huawei is at center of fight over 5G’s future. The New York Times, March 7.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.