Children's outdoor playtime, physical activity, and parental perceptions of the neighbourhood environment

References

• Aarts, M., de Vries, S., van Oers, H., & Schuit, A. (2012). Outdoor play among children in relation to neighborhood characteristics: A cross-sectional neighborhood observation study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 98. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aarts, M., Wendel-Vos, W., van Oers, H., van de Goor, I., & Schuit, A. (2010). Environmental determinants of outdoor play in children: A large-scale cross-sectional study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39, 212–219. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Active Healthy Kids Canada. (2012). Is active play extinct? The Active Healthy Kids Canada 2012 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Toronto, ON: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Active Healthy Kids Canada. (2013). Are we driving our kids to unhealthy habits? The Active Healthy Kids Canada 2013 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Toronto, ON: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, S., Frohlich, K., & Fusco, C. (2012). Playing for health? Revisiting health promotion to examine the emerging public health position on children's play. Health Promotion International. Advance online publication, August 28. doi:10.1093/heapro/das042
   Google Scholar
• Bringolf-Isler, B., Grize, L., Mäder, U., Ruch, N., Sennhauser, F., Braun-Fahrländer, C., & SCARPOL Team. (2010). Built environment, parents’ perception, and children's vigorous outdoor play. Preventive Medicine, 50, 251–256. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.03.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockman, R., Jago, R., & Fox, K. (2010). The contribution of active play to the physical activity of primary school children. Preventive Medicine, 51, 144–147. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne, K., Lim, J., & Brown, G. (2007). Geographies of sexualities. Hampshire: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Brussoni, M., Olsen, L., Pike, I., & Sleet, D. A. (2012). Risky play and children's safety: balancing priorities for optimal child development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9, 3134–3148. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9093134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Parks and Recreation Association. (2010). Reporting on the Pan Canadian Survey Re: Children and nature. Ottawa: Author. Retrieved from s3.arpaonline.ca/docs/Children-Nature-Survey-Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. (2011). Canadian physical activity guidelines. Retrieved July 8, 2013, from http://www.csep.ca/guidelines
   Google Scholar
• Carver, A., Timperio, A., & Crawford, D. (2008). Playing it safe: The influence of neighbourhood safety on children's physical activity – a review. Health & Place, 14, 217–227. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, M., & Johnson, J. (2010). Research on children's play: Analysis of developmental and early education journals from 2005 to 2007. Early Childhood Education Journal, 37, 249–259. doi: 10.1007/s10643-009-0347-7
   Google Scholar
• Cleland, V., Timperio, A., Salmon, J. Hume, C., Baur, L., & Crawford, D. (2010). Predictors of time spent outdoors among children: 5-year longitudinal findings. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 64, 400–406. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.087460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements, R. (2004). An investigation of the status of outdoor play. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 5, 68–80. doi: 10.2304/ciec.2004.5.1.10
   Google Scholar
• Dimaggio, C., & Li, G. (2013). Effectiveness of a Safe Routes to School program in preventing school-aged pedestrian injury. Pediatrics, 131, 290–296. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ergler, C. R., Kearns, R. A., & Witten, K. (2013). Seasonal and locational variations in children's play: Implications for wellbeing. Social Science and Medicine, 91, 178–185. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.11.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Family Kids and Youth/Research Now. (2010). Playreport: International summary of research results. Retrieved July 8, 2013, from www.fairplayforchildren.org/pdf/1280152791.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Faulkner, G., Richichi, V., Buliung, R., Fusco, C., & Moola, F. (2010). What's ‘quickest and easiest?’: Parental decision making about school trip mode. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical, 7, 62. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frohlich, K., Alexander, S., & Fusco, C. (2012). All work and no play? The nascent discourse on play in health research. Social Theory and Health. Advance online publication, November 14. doi:10.1057/sth.2012.18
   Google Scholar
• Fusco, C. (2012). Governing play: Moral geographies, healthification and neoliberal urban imaginaries. In D. Andrews & M. Silk (Eds.), Sport and neoliberalism: Politics, consumption and culture (pp. 143–159). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gleave, J., & Cole-Hamilton, I. (2012). A literature review on the effects of a lack of play on children's lives. London: Play England.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, P. (2011). The decline of play and the rise of psychopathology in children and adolescents. American Journal of Play, 3, 443–463.
   Google Scholar
• Hess, P. (2009). Avenues or arterials: The struggle to change street building practices in Toronto, Canada. Journal of Urban Design, 14, 1–28. doi: 10.1080/13574800802451049
   Google Scholar
• Hofferth, S., & Sandberg, J. (2001). Changes in American children's time, 1981–1997. In T. Owens & S. Hofferth (Eds.), Children at the millennium: Where have we come from? Where are we going? (pp. 193–229). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Holloway, S., & Valentine, G. (2000). Children's geographies: Playing, living, learning. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Holt, N., Lee, H., Millar, C., & Spence, J. (2015). ‘Eyes on where children play’: A retrospective study of active free play. Children's Geographies Journal, 13, 73–88. doi: 10.1080/14733285.2013.828449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jago, R., Thompson, J., Page, A., Brockman, R., Cartwright, K., & Fox, K. (2009). Licence to be active: Parental concerns and 10–11-year-old children's ability to be independently physically active. Journal of Public Health, 31, 472–477. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdp053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C., & Moudon, A. (2006). The 3Ds+ R: Quantifying land use and urban form correlates of walking. Transportation Research Part D, 11, 204–215. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2006.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester, S., & Russell, W. (2008). Play for a change: Play, policy and practice: A review of contemporary perspectives. London: Play England.
   Google Scholar
• Mammen, G., Faulkner, G., Buliung, R., & Lay, J. (2012). Understanding the drive to escort: A cross-sectional analysis examining parental attitudes towards children's school travel and independent mobility. BMC Public Health, 12, 862. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marino, A., Fletcher, E., Whitaker, R., & Anderson, S. (2012). Amount and environmental predictors of outdoor playtime at home and school: A cross-sectional analysis of a national sample of preschool-aged children attending Head Start. Health & Place, 18, 1224–1230. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markula, P., & Pringle, R. (2006). Foucault, sport and exercise. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Massey, D. (1994). Space, place and gender. Minnesota: University of Minneapolis Press.
   Google Scholar
• McMillan, T. (2005). Urban form and a child's trip to school: The current literature and framework for future research. Journal of Urban Planning, 19, 440–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra, R. (2013). Independent mobility and mode choice for school transportation: A review and framework for future research. Transportation Reviews, 33, 21–43. doi: 10.1080/01441647.2012.743490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra, R., & Buliung, R. (2012). Built environment correlates of active school transportation: Neighborhood and the modifiable areal unit problem. Journal of Transport Geography, 20, 51–61. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puwar, N. (2004). Space invaders: Race, gender and bodies out of place. Oxford: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Razack, S. (2002). Race, space and the law: Unmapping a white settler society. Toronto: Between the Lines Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sewell, J. (1993). The shape of the city: Toronto struggles with modern planning. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Singer, D., Singer, J., D'Agostino, H., & DeLong, R. (2009). Children's pastimes and play in sixteen nations: Is free-play declining? American Journal of Play, 1, 283–312.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, M. R., Rowlands, A. V., & Eston, R. G. (2009a). Relationships between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and health in children: Impact of the activity-intensity classification method. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 8, 136–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, M. R., Rowlands, A. V., & Eston, R. G. (2009b). Characteristics of the activity pattern in normal weight and overweight boys. Preventive Medicine, 49, 205–208. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, M. R., Rowlands, A. V., Middlebrooke, A. R., Jawis, M. N., & Eston, R. G. (2009). The pattern of physical activity in relation to health outcomes in boys. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 4, 306–315. doi: 10.3109/17477160902846179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremblay, M. S., Gray, C. E., Akinroye, K., Harrington, D. M., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, E. V., … Tomkinson, G. (2014). Physical activity of children: A global matrix of grades comparing 15 countries. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11(Supp 1), S113–S125. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2014-0177
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• United Nations. (1990). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Geneva: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
   Google Scholar
• Valentine, G. (1997). ‘Oh yes I can’ ‘Oh no you can't’: Children and parents’ understandings of kids’ competence to negotiate public space safely. Antipode, 29, 65–89. doi: 10.1111/1467-8330.00035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veitch, J., Bagley, S., Ball, K., & Salmon, J. (2006). Where do children usually play? A qualitative study of parents’ perceptions of influences on children's active free-play. Health & Place, 12, 383–393. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.02.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witten, K., Kearns, R., Carroll, P., Asiasiga, L., & Tava'e, T. (2013). New Zealand parents' understandings of the intergenerational decline in children's independent outdoor play and active travel. Children's Geographies, 11, 215–229. doi: 10.1080/14733285.2013.779839
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar