454
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of 2013 Boston Marathoners’ experience of running a subsequent Boston Marathon

&
Pages 201-216 | Received 20 Apr 2018, Accepted 17 Sep 2018, Published online: 04 Oct 2018

References

  • Allen-Collinson, J. 2009. “Sporting Embodiment: Sports Studies and the (Continuing) Promise of Phenomenology.” Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise 1 (3): 279–296. doi:10.1080/19398440903192340.
  • Beinecke, R. H. 2014. “Assessing the Mental Health Needs of Victims and Responders to the Boston Marathon Bombing.” International Journal of Mental Health 43 (2): 17–34. doi:10.2753/IMH0020-7411430202.
  • Bennett, E. V., C. E. McEwan, L. Hurd-Clarke, K. A. Tamminen, and P. R. E. Crocker. 2013. “‘It’s All about Modifying Your Expectations’: Women’s Experiences with Physical Activity during Pregnancy.” Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health 5 (2): 267–286. doi:10.1080/2159676X.2013.766812.
  • Berle, D. 2007. “Graded Exposure Therapy for Long-Standing Disgust-Related Cockroach Avoidance in an Older Male.” Clinical Case Studies 6 (4): 339–347. doi:10.1077/1534650106288965.
  • Bliss, S. 2011. “Sport Terrorism: A Deadly Game.” Geodate 24 (1): 9–14. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
  • Bobo, W. V., R. T. Keller, C. A. Neil Greenberg, L. H. P. Alfonzo, and T. A. Grieger. 2006. “Psychological Responses to Terrorism.” In Military Life: The Psychology of Serving in Peace and Combat: Vol. 1, edited by T. W. Britt, C. A. Castro, and A. B. Adler, 31–61. Westport: Prager Security International.
  • Burgess, N. S., C. J. Knight, and S. D. Mellalieu. 2016. “Parental Stress and Coping in Elite Youth Gymnastics: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health 8 (3): 237–256. doi:10.1080/2159676X.2015.1134633.
  • Caron, J. G., G. A. Bloom, K. M. Johnston, and C. M. Sabiston. 2013. “Effects of Multiple Concussions on Retired National Hockey League Players.” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 35 (2): 168–179.
  • Cotterill, S. T., and R. Cheetham. 2017. “The Experience of Captaincy in Professional Sport: The Case of Elite Professional Rugby.” European Journal of Sport Science 17 (2): 215–222. doi:10.1123/jsep.2015-0159.
  • Ehlers, A., and D. M. Clark. 2000. “A Cognitive Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.” Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 (4): 319–345.
  • Finn, A. N., C. R. Sawyer, and P. Schrodt. 2009. “Examining the Effect of Exposure Therapy on Public Speaking State Anxiety.” Communication Education 58 (1): 92–109. doi:10.1080/03634520802450549.
  • Foa, E. B., J. D. Huppert, and S. P. Cahill. 2006. “Emotional Processing Theory: An Update.” In Pathological Anxiety: Emotional Processing in Etiology and Treatment, edited by B. O. Rothbaum, 3–24. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Foa, E. B., C. Molnar, and L. Cashman. 1995. “Change in Rape Narratives during Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 8 (4): 675–690. doi:10.1002/jts.2490080409.
  • Foa, E. B., and M. J. Kozak. 1986. “Emotional Processing of Fear: Exposure to Corrective Information.” Psychological Bulletin 99 (1): 20–35. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20.
  • Freeman, K. R. 2016. “Exploring the lived experiences of supervising child protection social workers.” PhD diss., Walden University.
  • Freh, F. M., R. Dallos, and M. C. Chung. 2013. “An Exploration of PTSD and Coping Strategies: Response to the Experience of Being in a Bomb Attack in Iraq.” Traumatology 19 (2): 87–94. doi:10.1177/1534765612444882.
  • Galea, S., J. Ahern, H. Resnick, D. Kilpatrick, M. Bucuvalas, J. Gold, and D. Vlahov. 2002. “Psychological Sequelae of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks in New York City.” The New England Journal of Medicine 346: 982–984. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa013404.
  • Galily, Y., M. Yarchi, I. Tamir, and T. Samuel-Azran. 2016. “Terrorism and Sport: A Global Perspective.” American Behavioral Scientist 60 (9): 1039–1042. doi:10.1177/0002764216632839.
  • Ganor, B. 2005. “Terrorism as a Strategy of Psychological Warfare.” Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma 9 (1–2): 33–43. doi:10.1300/J146v901_03.
  • Grunfeld, A. 2006. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Context of Terrorism: Key Highlights from the Recent Literature.” International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 4: 285–287. doi:10.1007/s11469-006-9042-8.
  • Hall, S., L. Marciani, D. Phillips, and T. Cunningham. 2009. “Spectator Perceptions of Security Management at a NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing) Event.” The Sport Journal, January 9. http://thesportjournal.org/article/spectator-perceptions-of-security-management-at-a-nascar-national-association-for-stock-car-auto-racing-event/
  • Halloway, H. C., and C. S. Fullerton. 1994. “The Psychology of Terror and Its Aftermath.” In Individual and Community Responses to Trauma and Disaster: The Structure of Human Chaos, edited by R. J. Ursano, B. G. McCaughey, and C. S. Fullerton, 31–45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Howells, K., and D. Fletcher. 2016. “Adversarial Growth in Olympic Swimmers: Constructive Reality or Illusory Self-Deceit?” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 38: 173–186. doi:10.1123/jsep.2015-0159.
  • Howes, H., D. Benton, and S. Edwards. 2005. “Women’s Experience of Brain Injury: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” Psychology and Health 20 (1): 129–142. doi:10.1080/0887044042000272903.
  • Lavallee, D., and H. K. Robinson. 2007. “In Pursuit of an Identity: A Qualitative Exploration of Retirement from Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (1): 119–141. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.05.003.
  • Levy, A. R., R. C. J. Polman, A. R. Nicholls, and D. C. Merchant. 2009. “Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence: Perspectives of Recreational Athletes.” International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 7 (2): 212–230. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671901.
  • Lundkvist, E., H. Gustafsson, S. Hjälm, and H. Peter. 2012. “An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Burnout and Recovery in Elite Soccer Coaches.” Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health 4 (3): 400–419. doi:10.1080/2159676X.2012.693526.
  • Martin, B. E., K. Harrison, J. Stone, and S. M. Lawrence. 2010. “Athletic Voices and Academic Victories: African American Male Student-Athlete Experiences in the Pac-Ten.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 34 (2): 131–153. doi:10.1177/0193723510366541.
  • McCormack, L., and M. Lorren. 2015. “Adaptive Growth following Terrorism: Vigilance and Anger as Facilitators of Post Traumatic Growth in the Aftermath of the Bali Bombings.” Traumatology 21 (2): 71–81. doi:10.1037/trm0000025.
  • McNarry, G., J. Allen-Collinson, and A. B. Evans. 2018. “Reflexivity and Bracketing in Sociological Phenomenological Research: Researching the Competitive Swimming Lifeworld.” Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health Advance Online Publication 1–29. doi:10.1080/2159676X.2018.1506498.
  • Miller, P. K., C. Cronin, and G. Baker. 2015. “Nurture, Nature and Some Very Dubious Social Skills: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Talent Identification Practices in Elite English Youth Soccer.” Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health 7 (5): 642–662. doi:10.1080/2159676X.2015.1012544.
  • Mitchell, A., J. Clegg, and F. Furniss. 2006. “Exploring the Meaning of Trauma with Adults with Intellectual Disabilities.” Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 19 (2): 131–142. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00235.x.
  • Murray, H., C. Merritt, and N. Grey. 2015a. ““Clients’ Experiences of Returning to the Trauma Site during PTSD Treatment: An Exploratory Study.” Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43: 1–11. doi:10.1017/51352465815000338.
  • Murray, H., C. Merritt, and N. Grey. 2015b. “Returning to the Scene of the Trauma in PTSD Treatment – Why, How and When?” The Cognitive Behavioral Therapist 8 (28): 1–12. doi:10.1017/S1754470X15000677.
  • Nadworny, D., K. Davis, C. Miers, T. Howrigan, E. Broderick, K. Boyd, and G. Dunster. 2014. “Boston Strong – One Hospital’s Response to the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 40 (5): 418–427. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2014.06.007.
  • Nicholls, A. R., N. L. Holt, and R. C. J. Polma. 2005. “A Phenomenological Analysis of Coping Effectiveness in Golf.” The Sport Psychologist 19 (2): 111–130. doi:10.1123/tsp.19.2.111.
  • Novick, G. 2008. “Is There a Bias against Telephone Interviewing in Qualitative Research?” Research in Nursing and Health 31: 391–398. doi:10.1002/nur.20259.
  • Oliver, H. L. 2014. “Boston Strong: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Runner Portrayal in U.S. Newspaper Coverage of the Boston Marathon Bombings.” Master’s thesis, Johns Hopkins University
  • Oser, M., S. B. Shah, and D. Gitlin. 2015. “Psychiatry Department Response to the Boston Marathon Bombings within a Level-1 Trauma Center.” Harvard Review of Psychiatry 23 (3): 195–200. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000049.
  • Papathomas, A., and D. Lavallee. 2010. “Athlete Experiences of Disordered Eating in Sport.” Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health 2 (3): 354–370. doi:10.1080/19398441.2010.517042.
  • Pietkiewicz, I., and J. A. Smith. 2014. “A Practical Guide to Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in Qualitative Research Psychology.” Psychological Journal 20 (1): 7–14.
  • Schinke, R. J., K. R. McGannon, R. Busanich, and G. Yang. 2016. “A Commentary on Sport and Terrorism from the Vantage of Sport Psychology.” American Behavioral Scientist 60 (9): 1116–1131. doi:10.1177/0002764216632843.
  • Seelye, K. Q., M. S. Schmidt, and W. K. Rashbaum. “Surviving Suspect Is Charged by U.S. In Boston Attack.” The New York Times, April 23, 2013.
  • Shaw, J. A. 2003. “Children Exposed to War/Terrorism.” Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 6 (4): 237–246.
  • Silver, R. C., E. Allison Holman, D. N. McIntosh, M. Poulin, and V. Gil-Rivas. 2002. “Nationwide Longitudinal Study of Psychological Responses to September 11.” Journal of the American Medical Association 288 (10): 1235–1244.
  • Smith, A., S. Stephen Joseph, and R. D. Nair. 2011. “An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Posttraumatic Growth in Adults Bereaved by Suicide.” Journal of Loss and Trauma 16 (5): 413–430. doi:10.1080/15325042.2011.572047.
  • Smith, B. A., and K. R. McGannon. 2018. “Developing Rigor in Qualitative Research: Problems and Opportunities within Sport and Exercise Psychology.” International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 11 (1): 101–121. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2017.1317357.
  • Smith, J. A., and M. Osborn. 2015. “Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” In Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods, edited by J. A. Smith, 25–52. 3rd ed. London: Sage.
  • Smith, J. A. 2017. “Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in Sport and Exercise.” In Routledge Handbook of Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise, edited by B. Smith and A. C. Sparkes, 219–229. New York: Routledge.
  • Spaaij, R., and M. S. Hamm. 2015. “Endgame? Sports Events as Symbolic Targets in Lone Wolf Terrorism.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 38: 1022–1037. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1076696.
  • Sparkes, A. C., and B. Smith. 2002. “Sport, Spinal Cord Injury, Embodied Masculinities, and the Dilemmas of Narrative Identity.” Men and Masculinities 4: 258–285. doi:10.1177/1097184X02004003003.
  • Taylor, T., and K. Toohey. 2006. “Impacts of Terrorism-Related Safety and Security Measures at a Major Sport Event.” Event Management 9: 199–209. doi:10.3727/152599506776771544.
  • Taylor, T., and K. Toohey. 2007. “Perceptions of Terrorism Threats at the 2004 Olympic Games: Implications for Sport Events.” Journal of Sport and Tourism 12 (2): 99–114. doi:10.1080/14775080701654754.
  • Timm, K., C. Kamphoff, N. Galli, and S. P. Gonzalez. 2017. “Resilience and Growth in Marathon Runners in the Aftermath of the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings.” The Sport Psychologist 31 (1): 42–55. doi:10.1123/tsp.2015-0053.
  • Tobert, D., A. von Keudell, and E. K. Rodriguez. 2015. “Lessons from the Boston Marathon Bombing: An Orthapaedic Perspective on Preparing for High-Volume Trauma in an Urban Academic Center.” Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 29 (10): 7–10. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000413.
  • Tolin, D. F., and E. B. Foa. 1999. “Treatment of a Police Officer with PTSD Using Prolonged Exposure.” Behavior Therapy 30 (3): 527–538. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(99)80023-9.
  • Tomb, D. A. 1994. “The Phenomenology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.” Psychiatric Clinics of North America 17 (2): 237–250.
  • Toohey, K., T. Taylor, and C.-K. Lee. 2003. “The FIFA World Cup 2002: The Effects of Terrorism on Sport Tourists.” Journal of Sport Tourism 8 (3): 167–185. doi:10.1080/14775080310001690495.
  • Tracy, S. J. 2010. “Qualitative Quality: Eight ‘Big Tent’ Criteria for Excellent Qualitative Research.” Qualitative Inquiry 16 (10): 837–851. doi:10.1177/1077800410383121.
  • Trappler, B., ed. 2007. Modern Terrorism and Psychological Trauma. New York: Gordian Knot Books.
  • Turris, S. A., A. Lund, and R. R. Bowles. 2014. “An Analysis of Mass Casualty Incidents in the Setting of Mass Gatherings and Special Events.” Disaster Medicine and Public Healthy Preparedness 8 (2): 143–149. doi:10.1017/dmp.2014.24.
  • United States Department of State. 2004. Patterns of Global Terrorism. United States Department of State: https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/31912.pdf
  • Wang, Y., J. Wang, and X. Liu. 2011. “Posttraumatic Growth of Injured Patients after Motor Vehicle Accidents: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” Journal of Health Psychology 17 (2): 208–297. doi:10.1177/1359105311410511.
  • Warner, S., and M. A. Dixon. 2015. “Competition, Gender and the Sport Experience: An Exploration among College Athletes.” Sport, Education and Society 20 (4): 527–545. doi:10.1080/13573322.2013.774273.
  • Warriner, K., and D. Lavallee. 2008. “The Retirement Experiences of Elite Female Gymnasts: Self Identity and the Physical Self.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 20 (3): 301–318. doi:10.1080/10413200801998564.
  • Wilde, D. J., and C. D. Murray. 2009. “The Evolving Self: Finding Meaning in Near-Death Experiences Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” Mental Health, Religion and Culture 12 (3): 223–239. doi:10.1080/13674670802334910.
  • Zalta, A. K., S. J. Gillihan, A. J. Fisher, J. Mintz, C. P. McLean, R. Yehuda, and E. B. Foa. 2014. “Change in Negative Cognitions Associated with PTSD Predicts Symptom Reduction in Prolonged Exposure.” Journal of Consulting and Counseling Psychology 82 (1): 171–175. doi:10.1037/a003473.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.