418
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Activity of non-parliamentary opposition communities in social networks in the context of the Russian 2016 parliamentary election

, , , &
Pages 483-502 | Received 19 Sep 2017, Accepted 23 Jul 2018, Published online: 07 Nov 2018

References

  • Alekseevsky, Mikhail. 2014. “Who Are All These People (With Banners)?” In “We Are Not Dumb!”: The Anthropology of the Protest in Russia 2011–2012, edited by Alexander Arkhipov and Mikhail Alekseevsky, 63–82. Tartu: Scientific Publishing House ELM.
  • Arkhipov, Alexander, and Mikhail Alekseevsky. 2014. “We Are Not Dumb!”: The Anthropology of the Protest in Russia 2011–2012. Tartu: Scientific Publishing House ELM.
  • Balmforth, Tom. 2011. “ Russian Protesters Mobilize via Social Networks, as Key Opposition Leaders Jailed.” RFE/RL, December 8. Accessed February 2, 2018. https://www.rferl.org/a/russian_protesters_mobilize_online_as_leaders_jailed/24414881.html.
  • Barash, Raisa. 2012. “Konkurenciya oppozicii i vlasti v Rossii kak torgovlya strahami pered ‘Drugim’: k ponimaniyu mifologicheskoj sostavlyayushchej Beloj revolyucii 2011-2012gg.” [Competition of the Opposition and the Authorities in Russia as a Fear Trade Before the ‘Other’: Towards an Understanding of the Mythological Component of the White Revolution of 2011–2012].” Forum noveishei vostochnoevropeiskoi istorii i kul’tury [Forum for Contemporary East European History and Culture] 9 (2): 158–176. Accessed February 5, 2018. http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/ZIMOS/forum/inhaltruss18.html.
  • Baunov, Alexander. 2017. “ Is Putin Losing Control of Russia’s Conservative Nationalists? What the Matilda Controversy Reveals About His Rule.” Foreign Affairs, October 10. Accessed February 20, 2018. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2017-10-10/putin-losing-control-russias-conservative-nationalists.
  • Bennett, W. Lance, and Alexandra Segerberg. 2014. The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bikbov, Alexander. 2012. “Metodologiya issledovaniya ‘vnezapnogo’ ulichnogo aktivizma (rossijskie mitingi i ulichnye lagerya, dekabr’ 2011–iyun’ 2012).” [Research Methodology of ‘Sudden’ Street Activism (Russian Public Rallies and Street Camps, December 2011–June 2012).] Laboratorium 2: 130–163.
  • Bode, Nicole, and Andrey Makarychev. 2013. “The New Social Media in Russia.” Problems of Post-Communism 60 (2): 53–62. doi: 10.2753/PPC1075-8216600205
  • Bol’shakov, Ivan. 2012. “The Nonsystemic Opposition.” Russian Politics and Law 50 (3): 82–92. doi: 10.2753/RUP1061-1940500306
  • Bukovsky, Vladimir. 2015. At the Edge. The Hard Choice of Russia. Moscow: Algorithm.
  • Bykov, Il’ia. 2013. “Constructing Image of a Political Leader and Its Perception Among Young Voters in St. Petersburg: Cases of V. Milonov and A. Navalny.” Youth World Politics 1: 69–73.
  • Central Election Commission. 2016. Accessed February 20, 2018. http://www.vybory.izbirkom.ru/region/izbirkom?action=show&root_a=1000293&vrn=100100067795849.
  • Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter. 2011. Arab Social Media Report 1 (2). Accessed February 2, 2018. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/dsg/unpan050860.pdf
  • Couldry, Nick, and Andreas Hepp. 2016. The Mediated Construction of Reality. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • David, Maxine. 2015. “New Social Media: Modernisation and Democratisation in Russia.” European Politics and Society 16 (1): 95–110. doi: 10.1080/15705854.2014.965892
  • Denton, Robert E. Jr., and Gary C. Woodward. 1998. Political Communication in America. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Dhiraj, Murthy. 2015. “Twitter and Elections: Are Tweets, Predictive, Reactive, or a Form of Buzz?” Information Communication and Society 18 (7): 816–831. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2015.1006659
  • Diamond, Larry, and Marc F. Plattner. 2012. Liberation Technology: Social Media and the Struggle for Democracy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Dollbaum, Jan Matti. 2017. “Curbing Protest Through Elite Co-Optation? Regional Protest Mobilization by the Russian Systemic Opposition During the ‘for Fair Elections’ Protests 2011–2012.” Journal of Eurasian Studies 8: 109–122. doi: 10.1016/j.euras.2017.01.002
  • Dvir-Gvirsman, Shira, Yariv Tsfati, and Ericka Menchen-Trevino. 2016. “The Extent and Nature of Ideological Selective Exposure Online: Combining Survey Responses with Actual Web Log Data from the 2013 Israeli Elections.” New Media & Society 18 (5): 857–877. doi: 10.1177/1461444814549041
  • Eidman, Igor. 2013. “Gde byl stol yastv, tam grob stoit” [“Where the Table of Dishes Was Laid, There Is a Coffin]”. Каспаров.Ru, October 20. Accessed February 1, 2018. http://site101.mir915bcf08b.comcb.info/material.php?id=5262EFE4B4D22&section_id=4B56D2CDF201A.
  • Erpyleva, Svetlana, and Artemy Magun. 2014. Politika apolitichnyh: Grazhdanskie dvizheniya v Rossii 2011— 2013 godov [Politics of The Apolitical: Civil Movements in Russia in 2011–2013]. Moscow: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie.
  • Etling, Bruce, Karina Alexanyan, John Kelly, Robert Faris, John Palfrey, and Urs Gasser. 2010. “Public Discourse in the Russian Blogosphere: Mapping RuNet Politics and Mobilization.” Berkman Klein Center. Accessed February 20, 2018. https://cyber.harvard.edu/publications/2010/Public_Discourse_Russian_Blogosphere.
  • Gel’man, Vladimir. 2015. “Political Opposition in Russia: A Troubled Transformation.” Europe-Asia Studies 67 (2): 177–191. doi: 10.1080/09668136.2014.1001577
  • Golosov, Gregorii. 2011. “Russian Opposition: Inside or Outside the System?” openDemocracy, September 1. Accessed February 12, 2018. https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/grigorii-golosov/russian-opposition-inside-or-outside-system.
  • Greene, Samuel A. 2013. “Beyond Bolotnaia.” Problems of Post-Communism 60 (2): 40–52. doi: 10.2753/PPC1075-8216600204
  • Halpin, Tony. 2011. “The Russian ‘Snow Revolution’.” The Times, December 11. Accessed February 22, 2018. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-russian-snow-revolution-59bfrrrr3pq
  • Harlow, Summer. 2013. “It Was a ‘Facebook Revolution’: Exploring the Meme-Like Spread of Narratives During the Egyptian Protests.” Revista de comunicación 12: 59–82.
  • Hepp, Andreas, and Friedrich Krotz. 2014. Mediatized Worlds: Culture and Society in a Media Age. Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hjarvard, Stig. 2013. The Mediatization of Culture and Society. London: Routledge.
  • Horvath, Robert. 2015. “The Euromaidan and the Crisis of Russian Nationalism.” Nationalities Papers 43 (6): 819–839. doi: 10.1080/00905992.2015.1050366
  • Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, and Joseph N. Cappella. 2010. Echo Chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the Conservative Media Establishment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kalk, Anastasia. 2012. “‘Kreativnaya’ Bolotnaya i ‘narodnaya’ Poklonnaya: vizual’nyj ryad mitingov v rossijskih SMI [‘Creative’ Bolotnaya and ‘Popular’ Poklonnaya: A Visual Series of Public Rallies in the Russian Media].” Laboratorium 2: 164–172.
  • Kolstø, Pål. 2014. “Russia’s Nationalists Flirt with Democracy.” Journal of Democracy 25 (3): 120–134. doi: 10.1353/jod.2014.0050
  • Kurennoy, Vitaliy. 2012. “Novaya gorodskaya romantika. Politicheskie i kul’tursocial’nye aspekty novejshego rossijskogo protesta.” [A New Urban Romance. Political, Cultural and Social Aspects of the Latest Russian Protest]. Logos 2: 30–45.
  • Lankina, Tomila, and Rodion Skovoroda. 2017. “Regional Protest and Electoral Fraud: Evidence from Analysis of new Data on Russian Protest.” East European Politics 33 (2): 253–274. doi: 10.1080/21599165.2016.1261018
  • Laruelle, Marlene. 2012. “‘Natsdem’ The New Wave of Anti-Putin Nationalists.” PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo 223: 1–5. Advance online publication. http://www.ponarseurasia.org/sites/default/files/policy-memos-pdf/pepm_223_Laruelle_Sept2012.pdf
  • Laruelle, Marlene. 2014. “Alexei Navalny and Challenges in Reconciling ‘Nationalism’ and ‘Liberalism’.” Post-Soviet Affairs 30 (4): 276–297. doi: 10.1080/1060586X.2013.872453
  • Laruelle, Marlene. 2017. “Is Nationalism a Force for Change in Russia?” Dædalus 146 (2): 89–100. doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_00437
  • Lassila, Jussi. 2016. “Aleksei Naval’nyi and Populist Re-Ordering of Putin’s Stability.” Europe-Asia Studies 68 (1): 118–137. doi: 10.1080/09668136.2015.1120276
  • McChesney, Robert, and Victor Pickard. 2017. “News Media as Political Institutions.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, 263–275. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Metaxas, Panagiotis T., Eni Mustafaraj, and Daniel Gayo-AvelloHow. 2011. “‘(Not) To Predict Elections.’ Paper Presented at the IEEE Third International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom), Boston, MA, USA.” October, 9–11. Advance online publication. doi:10.1109/PASSAT/SocialCom.2011.98.
  • Nadskakuła-Kaczmarczyk, Olga. 2017. “Opposition in Authoritarian Regime – Case Study of the Russian non-Systemic Opposition.” Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne 4: 175–190.
  • Nikiporets-Takigawa, Galina, and Emil Pain. 2016. “Internet i ideologicheskie dvizheniya v Rossii [Internet and Ideological Movements in Russia].” Moscow: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie.
  • Norris, Pippa. 2004. Political Communications. ‘Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences.’ Accessed February 25, 2018. https://sites.hks.harvard.edu/fs/pnorris/Acrobat/Political%20Communications%20encyclopedia2.pdf.
  • Osborn, Andrew. 2011. “Bloggers Who Are Changing the Face of Russia as the Snow Revolution Takes Hold.” The Telegraph, December 10. Accessed February 1, 2018. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8948414/Bloggers-who-are-changing-the-face-of-Russia-as-the-Snow-Revolution-takes-hold.html.
  • Owen, Diana. 2017. “New Media and Political Campaigns.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, 823–837. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Panov, Petr, and Cameron Ross. 2018. “The Dynamic Nationalisation of Voting for United Russia: The Stability/Instability of Regional Deviations from National Results.” East European Politics 34 (1): 97–114. doi: 10.1080/21599165.2017.1415886
  • Patrushev, Sergej. 2013. Grazhdanskoe i politicheskoe v rossijskih obshchestvennyh praktikah [Civil and Political Aspects of Russian Public Practices]. Moscow: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN).
  • Pol’zovanie Internetom [Internet access]. 2018. “Levada-Center.” Accessed January 28. https://www.levada.ru/2018/01/18/polzovanie-internetom/.
  • Protesty i Naval’nyj [Protests and Navalny]. 2017. “Levada-Center.” Accessed January 28, 2018. https://www.levada.ru/2017/07/17/protesty-i-navalnyj/.
  • Putin’s Approval Rating. 2018. “Levada-Center.” Accessed January 28, 2018. https://www.levada.ru/indikatory/odobrenie-organov-vlasti/.
  • Ross, Cameron. 2015. Civil Society Awakens? The Systemic and Non-Systemic Opposition in the Russian Federation: National and Regional Dimensions. London: Routledge.
  • Rotmistrov, Aleksej, and Polina Popova. 2016. “How the Russian Nationalist Movement Is Splintered by Ukrainian Maidan? Identifying Ideological Determinants by Means of Empirical Data & Mixed Methods.” Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes 6: 1–13.
  • Shahin, Adam, and Saif Smidi. 2017. “Social Media and Social Mobilisation in the Middle East: A Survey of Research on the Arab Spring.” India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 73 (2): 196–209. doi:10.1177/0974928417700798.
  • Shekhovtsov, Anton. 2018. Russia and the Western Far Right. Tango Noir. London: Routledge.
  • Shenfield, Stephen D. 2001. Russian Fascism: Traditions, Tendencies, Movements. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Simonsen, Sven Gunnar. 1996. “Aleksandr Barkashov and Russian National Unity: Blackshirt Friends of the Nation.” Nationalities Papers 24 (4): 625–639. doi: 10.1080/00905999608408473
  • Smyth, Regina, and Sarah Oates. 2015. “Mind the Gaps: Media Use and Mass Action in Russia.” Europe-Asia Studies 67 (2): 285–305. doi: 10.1080/09668136.2014.1002682
  • Sokolov, Mikhail. 1999. “Printsipy segmentirovaniya auditoria i ideologicheskii repertuar radikalnogo natsionalisticheskogo dvizheniya.” [The Principles of Segmentation of the Political Public and the Ideological Repertoire of the Nationalist Movement.] Teleskop: Sankt-Peterburgskii zhurnal sotsiologicheskikh i marketingovykh issledovanii 6: 10–18.
  • Sokolov, Mikhail. 2009. “The End of Russian Radical Nationalism?” Forum for Anthropology and Culture 5: 161–176.
  • Stepanova, Ekaterina. 2011. “The Role of Information Communication Technologies in the ‘Arab Spring’.” PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo 159: 1–6. Advance online publication. http://www.ponarseurasia.org/sites/default/files/policy-memos-pdf/pepm_159.pdf.
  • Sunstein, Cass R. 2007. Republic.com 2.0. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Tufekci, Zeynep. 2017. Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest. Yale: Yale University Press.
  • Tumasjan, Andranik, Timm O. Sprenger, Philipp G. Sandner, and Isabell M. Welpe. 2010. “Predicting Elections with Twitter: What 140 Characters Reveal about Political Sentiment.” In Proceedings of the Fourth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM), 178-185. Washington, DC, USA, May 23-26. Advance online publication. https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM10/paper/viewFile/1441/1852.
  • Tyutrin, Ivan, and Alexander Lukyanov. 2012. “Opposition: A New Coordinate System.” Каспаров.Ru, February 22. Accessed February 1, 2018. http://www.site101.mir915bcf08b.comcb.info/material.php?id=4F474D2E7FCB0&section_id=4D36CFE234981.
  • White, David. 2015. “Political Opposition in Russia: The Challenges of Mobilisation and the Political–Civil Society Nexus.” East European Politics 31 (3): 314–325. doi: 10.1080/21599165.2014.990628
  • Weber, Max. 1997. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Glencoe. Illinois: Free Press.
  • Verkhovsky, Aleksandr, and Vladimir Pribylovsky. 1996. Nacional-patrioticheskie organizacii v Rossii. Istoriya, ideologiya, ehkstremistskie tendencii [National-Patriotic Organizations in Russia. History, Ideology, Extremist Tendencies]. Мoscow: Panorama.
  • Verkhovsky, Aleksandr. 2007. “Ideinaia evoliutsiia russkogo natsionalizma: 1990-e i 2000-e gody” [The Ideological Evolution of Russian Nationalism: The 1990s and 2000s]. In Verkhi i Nizy Russkogo Natsionalizma [The Upper and Lower Echelons of Russian Nationalism], edited by Aleksandr Verkhovsky, 6–32. Moscow: SOVA.
  • Verkhovsky, Aleksandr. 2016. “Radical Nationalists from the Start of Medvedev’s Presidency to the War in Donbas: True Till Death?” In The New Russian Nationalism: Imperialism, Ethnicity and Authoritarianism 2000–15, edited by Pål Kolstø and Helge Blakkisrud, 75–103. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Volkov, Denis. 2011. “Civil and Nationalist Mobilization in Russia.” Levada Analytical Center, July 13. Accessed February 10, 2018. https://www.levada.ru/2011/07/13/grazhdanskaya-i-natsionalisticheskaya-mobilizatsiya-v-rossii/.
  • Yasaveyev, Iskander. 2016. “Leytmotivy vlastnoy ritoriki v otnoshenii rossiyskoy molodezhi” [The Leitmotifs of Power Rhetoric Towards Russian Youth]. Russian Sociological Review 15(3): 49–67

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.