Landscape Transformation under Slavery, Indenture, and Imperial Projects in Bras d’Eau National Park, Mauritius

References

• Primary Sources
   Google Scholar
• Archives Nationales d’Outre Mer (ANOM), Aix-en-Provence, France. G series.
   Google Scholar
• British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. 1888. Coolie Indentured Labour: Statement of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society Shewing [Sic] its Policy with Reference to the Question of Contract Labour. London: British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society.
   Google Scholar
• House of Commons. 1847. “Emigration: Labor (Colonies), Session 19 January – 23 July 1847, Volume 39.” Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons, Accounts and Papers. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• House of Commons. 1875. “Report of the Royal Commissioners Appointed to Enquire Into the Treatment of Immigrants in Mauritius, Presented to Both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 6th February, 1875.” Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons, Accounts and Papers. London: William Clowes and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Mauritius Forestry Service, Curepipe, Mauritius. Annual Reports 1906–1990.
   Google Scholar
• Mauritius National Archives (MNA), Cormondel, Mauritius. HA series; LC series; NA series; RA series; Bolton’s Mauritius Almanac.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Housing and Land Mortgage (MHLM), Ebene, Mauritius. TJ series.
   Google Scholar
• Secondary Sources
   Google Scholar
• Alavi, Seema. 2008. Islam and Healing: Loss and Recovery of an Indo-Muslim Medical Tradition, 1600–1900. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, Richard B. 1999. Slaves, Freedmen, and Indentured Laborers in Colonial Mauritius. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, Richard B. 2001. “Licentious and Unbridled Proceedings: The Illegal Slave Trade to Mauritius and the Seychelles during the Early Nineteenth Century.” The Journal of African History 42 (1): 91–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, Richard B. 2002. “Maroonage and its Legacy in Mauritius and in the Colonial Plantation World.” Outre-Mers 89 (336): 131–152.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, Richard B. 2004. “The Mascarene Slave-Trade and Labor Migration in the Indian Ocean during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.” In Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia, edited by Gwyn Campbell, 34–51. London: Frank Cass Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, Richard B. 2008. “Capital, Illegal Slaves, Indentured Labourers and the Creation of a Sugar Plantation Economy in Mauritius, 1810–60.” The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 36 (2): 151–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, Daniel E. 1918. The Epidemics of Mauritius: With a Descriptive and Historical Account of the Island. London: H. K. Lewis.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Clare. 2009. “Convicts and Coolies: Rethinking Indentured Labour in the Nineteenth Century.” Slavery and Abolition 30 (1): 93–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. 1818. A Map of the Coast of Mauritius. Mauritius National Archives, A3/A6.5/1.
   Google Scholar
• von Arnim, Yann. 2015. “Le Coureur: Recherches Historique et Archéologiques sur un Navire Négrier de Maurice à l’Époque de la Traite Illégale.” In Traites, Esclavage et Transition versl’Engagisme: Perspectives Nouvelles sur les Mascareignes et le Sud-Ouest de l’OcéanIndien, 1715–1848, edited by Vajaya Teelock and Thomas Vernet, 40–45. Réduit: University of Mauritius.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, David. 1993. Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, David. 2000. Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India. New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, Douglas, and Mark W. Hauser. 2004. “An East Indian Laborers’ Household in Nineteenth-Century Jamaica: A Case for Understanding Cultural Diversity through Space, Chronology, and Material Analysis.” Historical Archaeology 38 (2): 9–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong, Douglas, and Kenneth G. Kelly. 2000. “Settlement Patterns and the Origins of African Jamaican Society: Seville Plantation, St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica.” Ethnohistory 47 (2): 369–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashmore, Wendy. 2004. “Social Archaeologies of Landscape.” In A Companion to Social Archaeology, edited by Lynn Meskell and Robert W. Preucel, 255–271. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Bafna, Sonit. 2000. “On the Idea of the Mandala as a Governing Device in Indian Architectural Tradition.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 59 (1): 26–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, Crispin. 2017. “Some Thoughts on the Representation and Misrepresentation of the Colonial South Asian Labour Diaspora.” South Asian Studies 33 (1): 7–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, Lynsey A. 2015. “‘The Landscape Cannot Be Said to Be Really Perfect’: A Comparative Investigation of Plantation Spatial Organization on Two British Colonial Sugar Estates.” In The Archaeology of Slavery: A Comparative Approach to Captivity and Coercion, edited by Lydia Wilson Marshall, 116–142. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Battle-Baptiste, Whitney. 2007. “‘In This Here Place’: Interpreting Enslaved Homeplaces.” In Archaeology of Atlantic Africa and the African Diaspora, edited by Akinwumi Ogundiran and Toyin Falola, 233–248. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Battle-Baptiste, Whitney. 2011. Black Feminist Archaeology. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beattie, James. 2012. “Imperial Landscapes of Health: Place, Plants and People between Indiaand Australia, 1800s–1900s.” Health and History 14 (1): 100–120.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beaudry, Mary C. 1986. “The Archaeology of Historical Land Use in Massachusetts.” Historical Archaeology 20 (2): 38–46.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, Brett M. 2011. “A Global History of Australian Trees.” Journal of the History of Biology 44 (1): 125–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, Rachel. 2013. “From the Biomoral to the Biopolitical: Ayurveda’s Political Histories.” South Asian History and Culture 4 (1): 48–64.
   Google Scholar
• Birtchnell, Thomas. 2016. “Vastu Compliance: The Gentrification of India’s Sacred Spaces and the Mobilities of Ideas.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42 (14): 2345–2359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boodhoo, Raj. 2010. Health, Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius. Port Louis: Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Boswell, Rosabelle. 2006. Le Malaise Créole: Ethnic Identity in Mauritius. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, Laurence, and Radica Mahase. 2009. “Medical Encounters on the Kala Pani: Regulation and Resistance in the Passages of Indentured Indian Migrants, 1834–1900.” In Health and Medicine at Sea, 1700–1900, edited by Sally Archer and David Boyd Haycock, 195–212. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bruce-Chwatt, Leonard J., and Joan M. Bruce-Chwatt. 1974. “Malaria in Mauritius—as Dead as the Dodo.” Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 50 (10): 1069–1080.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calaon, Diego, and Corinne Forest. 2018. “Archaeology and the Process of Heritage Construction in Mauritius.” In Connecting Continents: Archaeology and History in the Indian Ocean World, edited by Krish Seetah, 253–290. Athens: Ohio University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Calaon, Diego, Krish Seetah, Jacob Morales, and Saša Čaval. 2013. “Archaeological Insights of the ‘Indenture Experience’: The Case of Trianon Barracks.” In Angajé: Explorations into the History, Society and Culture of Indentured Immigrants and Their Descendants in Mauritius, edited by Vajaya Teelock, Anwar Janoo, Geoffrey Summers, Marc Serge Rivière, and Sooryakanti Nirsimloo-Gayan, 121–138. Port Louis: Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, Marina. 1994. Lakshmi’s Legacy: The Testimonies of Indian Women in 19th Century Mauritius. Rose-Hill. Mauritius: Editions de l’Océan Indien.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, Marina. 1995. Servants, Sirdars, and Settlers: Indians in Mauritius, 1834–1874. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, Marina. 2006. “Slavery and Unfree Labour in the Indian Ocean.” History Compass 4 (5): 800–813.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, Marina, and James Ng Foong Kwong. 1997. Forging the Rainbow: Labour Immigrants in British Mauritius. Port Louis, Mauritius: Alfran.
   Google Scholar
• Čaval, Saša. 2018. “Archaeology and Religious Syncretism in Mauritius.” In Connecting Continents: Archaeology and History in the Indian Ocean World, edited by Krish Seetah, 230–252. Athens: Ohio University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, Alexandra A. 2007. Slavery in the Age of Reason: Archaeology at a New England Farm. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cheke, Anthony S., and Julian P. Hume. 2008. Lost Land of the Dodo: An Ecological History of Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues. London: T & AD Poyser/A&C Black Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, Amitava. 2003. “Maroon Slave Archaeological Investigation Project in the Republic of Mauritius.” Unpublished project report submitted to National Heritage Trust Fund Board. University of Mauritius, Réduit.
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, Amitava. 2006. “Symbolic and Archaeological Significance of Le Morne Brabant; A Fugitive Slave Site of Mauritius.” Journal of Indian Ocean Archaeology 3: 50–61.
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, Amativa. 2015. “Maroon Archaeological Research in Mauritius and Its Possible Implications in a Global Context.” In The Archaeology of Slavery: A Comparative Approach to Captivity and Coercion, edited by Lydia Wilson Marshall, 255–275. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, George. 1859. “A Ramble Round Mauritius with Some Excursions in the Interior of That Island; To Which is Added a Familiar Description of its Fauna and Some Subjects of its Flora by a Country School- Master.” In The Mauritius Register: Historical, Official and Commercial, edited by T. E. Palmer and G. T. Bradshaw, i–cxxxii. Mauritius: L. Channell.
   Google Scholar
• Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip, Sophie Le Chartier, and Sharon Jacquin-Ng. 2014. “The Search for Makak: A Multidisciplinary Settlement History of the Northern Coast of Le Morne Brabant, Mauritius.” International Journal of Historical Archaeology 18 (3): 375–414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, Andrew. 1892. Geographical Pathology: An Inquiry into the Geographical Distribution of Infective and Climatic Diseases. New York: D. Appleton and Co.
   Google Scholar
• Daware, ArRevati. 2017. “Orientation of Hindu Temples – India.” International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 3: 131–137.
   Google Scholar
• Deb, Nilanjana. 2018. “(Re)moving Bodies: People, Ships and Other Commodities in the Coolie Trade from Calcutta.” In Commodities and Culture in the Colonial World, edited by Supriya Chaudhuri, Josephine McDonagh, Brian H. Murray, and Rajeswari Sunder Rajan, 115–128. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Delle, James A. 1998. An Archaeology of Social Space: Analyzing Coffee Plantations in Jamaica’s Blue Mountains. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Delle, James A. 2016. “Life beyond the Village: Field Houses and Liminal Space on a Jamaican Coffee Plantation.” In Archaeologies of Slavery and Freedom in the Caribbean, edited by Lynsey A. Bates, John M. Chenoweth, and James A. Delle, 111–128. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Dillon, Elizabeth Maddock. 2014. New World Drama: The Performative Commons in the Atlantic World, 1649–1849. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dowling, M. A. C. 1951. “An Experiment in the Eradication of Malaria in Mauritius.” Bulletin World Health Organization 4: 443–461.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Epperson, Terrance. 2000. “Panoptic Plantations: The Garden Sights of Thomas Jefferson and George Mason.” In The Lines that Divide: Historical Archaeologies of Race, Class, and Gender, edited by J. A. Delle, S. A. Mrozowski, and R. Paynter, 58–77. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
   Google Scholar
• Epperson, Terrance. 2001. “‘A Separate House for the Christian Slaves, One for the Negro Slaves’: The Archaeology of Race and Identity in late 17th-Century Virginia.” In Race, Material Culture, and the Archaeology of Identity, edited by Charles E. Orser, 71–87. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
   Google Scholar
• Floore, Pieter, and Ranjith Jayasena. 2010. “In Want of Everything? Archaeological Perceptions of a Dutch Outstation on Mauritius (1638–1710).” Post-Medieval Archaeology 44 (2): 320–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fregel, Rosa, Eva Betancor KrishSeetah, Nicholás Suárez, Diego Calaon, Anwar Janoo SašaČaval, and Jose Pestano. 2014. “Multiple Ethnic Origins of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages for the Population of Mauritius.” PLoS ONE 9 (3): e93294. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Geest, Sjaak. 2018. “Lying in Defence of Privacy: Anthropological and Methodological Observations.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 21 (5): 541–552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimier. 1795. Plan Particulier du Quartier de la Riviere du Rempart. Pour Servir à former le Terrier de l’Île de France. Mauritius National Archives, B3/A2.1/22.
   Google Scholar
• Gopauloo, Indrani. 2008. “La PharmacopéeTraditionnelle et les Rituels à l’Île Maurice.” In Épidémieset Pharmacopée Traditionnelle dans l’Histoire des Îles de l’Océan Indien, edited by Sudel Fuma, and Jocelyn Chan Low, 9–21. Saint-Denis, Réunion: Université de la Réunion.
   Google Scholar
• Gosden, Chris. 2004. Archaeology and Colonialism: Cultural Contact from 5000 BC to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grove, Richard H. 1996. Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600–1860. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hauser, Mark W., and Dan Hicks. 2007. “Colonialism and Landscape: Power, Materiality and Scales of Analysis in Caribbean Historical Archaeology.” In Envisioning Landscape Archaeology: Situations and Standpoints in Archaeology and Heritage, edited by Dan Hicks, Laura McAtackney, and Graham Fairclough, 251–274. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, Barbara J., and Amber Bennett. 2000. “‘The Little Spots Allow’d Them’: The Archaeological Study of African-American Yards.” Historical Archaeology 34 (2): 38–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, Seth M. 2013. Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hurgobin, Yoshina. 2016. “Making Medical Ideologies: Indentured Labor in Mauritius.” In Histories of Medicine and Healing in the Indian Ocean World, Vol. 2: The Modern Period, edited by Anna Winterbottom, and Facil Tesfaye, 1–26. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Ingold, Tim. 1993. “The Temporality of the Landscape.” World Archaeology 25 (2): 152–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, Matthew. 1996. An Archaeology of Capitalism. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, Kenneth G. 2008. “Creole Cultures of the Caribbean: Historical Archaeology in the French West Indies.” International Journal of Historical Archaeology 12 (4): 388–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, Kenneth G., and Meredith D. Hardy, eds. 2011. French Colonial Archaeology in the Southeast and Caribbean. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Kimberley, Therese, and Banka Nidhi. 2018. “Moulin à Poudre – Cultural Landscape.” Heritage Trail- Story Map, ESRI (May 25). https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=16b32eb0447546f8b1263e5d58c03739.
   Google Scholar
• Kraus-Friedberg, Chana. 2008. “Transnational Identity and Mortuary Material Culture: The Chinese Plantation Cemetery in Pāhala, Hawai’i.” Historical Archaeology 42 (3): 123–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, Deepak. 2005. “Health and Medicine in British India and Dutch Indies: A Comparative Study.” In Asian Medicine and Globalization, edited by Joseph S. Alter, 78–87. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, Ashutosh. 2016. “Feeding the Girmitiya: Food and Drink on Indentured Ships to the Sugar Colonies.” Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies 16 (1): 41–52.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, Ashutosh. 2017a. Coolies of the Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, Ashutosh. 2017b. “Naukari, Networks, and Knowledge: Views of Indenture in Nineteenth-Century North India.” South Asian Studies 33 (1): 52–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, V. M. Ravi. 2011. “Colonialism and Green Science: History of Colonial Scientific Forestry in South India, 1820–1920.” Indian Journal of History of Science 47 (2): 241–259.
   Google Scholar
• Lal, Brij V. 2004. Girmitiyas: The Origins of the Fiji Indians. Lautoka: Fiji Institute of Applied Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Lenik, Stephen. 2012. “Mission Plantations, Space, and Social Control: Jesuits as Planters in French Caribbean Colonies and Frontiers.” Journal of Social Archaeology 12 (1): 51–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meskell, Lynn. 2002. “Negative Heritage and Past Mastering in Archaeology.” Anthropological Quarterly 75 (3): 557–574.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metwalli, Ibrahim A., Nicholas Bigourdan, and Yann von Arnim. 2007. “Interim Report of A Shipwreck at Pointe Aux Feuilles, Mauritius: ‘Le Coureur’ (1818), An Illegal Slave Trader?” Journal of the Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology 31: 74–81.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, Shrikant, Bhavesh Trikamji, Sandeep Singh, Parampreet Singh, and Rajasekharan Nair. 2013. “Historical Perspective of Indian Neurology.” Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 16 (4): 467–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, Melinda. 1983. “Taravad: House, Land, and Relationship in a Matrilineal Hindu Society.” PhD diss., Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. UMI, Ann Arbor, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Mukarji, Projit Bihari. 2016. Doctoring Traditions: Ayurveda, Small Technologies, and Braided Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nair, Savithri Preetha. 2012. “Diseases of the Eye: Medical Pluralism at the Tanjore Court in the Early Nineteenth Century.” Social History of Medicine 25 (3): 573–588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orser, Charles E., and A. M. Nekola. 1985. “Plantation Settlement from Slavery to Tenancy: An Example from a Piedmont Plantation in South Carolina.” In The Archaeology of Slavery and Plantation in South Carolina, edited by Theresa A. Singleton, 67–96. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pollard, Edward. 2016. “Interpreting Medieval to Post-Medieval Seafaring in SE Tanzania Using 18th- 20th Century Charts and Sailing Directions to 20th Century Charts and Sailing Directions.” Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est 51: 99–128.
   Google Scholar
• Pragassa, Volcy. 1860. “Sale by Licitation.” Mauritius Government Gazette 43: 328–329. Port-Louis: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Pugh, Judy F. 2003. “Concepts of Arthritis in India’s Medical Traditions: Ayurvedic and Unani Perspectives.” Social Science and Medicine 56: 415–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddi, Sadasivam Jaganada. 2008. “Medicinal plants and Diseases in Colonial Mauritius.” In Épidémies et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle dans l’Histoire des Îles de l’Océan Indien, edited by Sudel Fuma, and Jocelyn Chan Low, 33–43. Saint-Denis, Réunion: Université de la Réunion.
   Google Scholar
• Reilly, Matthew. 2015. “The Politics of Work, ‘Poor Whites,’ and Plantation Capitalism in Barbados.” In Historical Archeologies of Capitalism, edited by Mark P. Leone and Jocelyn E. Knauf, 375–397. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Rouillard, Guy. 1979. Histoire des Domaines Sucriers de l'Ile Maurice. Mauritius: Les Pailles.
   Google Scholar
• Ryden, David B. 2000. “‘One of the Fertilest Pleasentest Spotts’: An Analysis of the Slave Economy in Jamaica’s St Andrew Parish.” Slavery and Abolition 21 (1): 32–55.
   Google Scholar
• de Salle-Essoo, Maya. 2008. “Représentations de la maladie et pratiquesthérapeutiques en milieu créolemauricien.” In Épidémies et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle dans l’Histoire des Îles de l’Océan Indien, edited by Sudel Fuma, and Jocelyn Chan Low, 103–112. Saint-Denis, Réunion: Université de la Réunion.
   Google Scholar
• Schnepel, Burkhard, and Cornelia Schnepel. 2011. “From Slave to Tourist Entertainer: Performative Negotiations of Identity and Difference in Mauritius.” In Islanded Identities : Constructions of Postcolonial Cultural Insularity, edited by Maeve McCusker, and Anthony Soares, 109–126. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
   Google Scholar
• Seetah, Krish. 2015a. “The Archaeology of Mauritius.” Antiquity 89 (346): 922–939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seetah, Krish. 2015b. “Objects Past, Objects Present: Materials, Resistance, and Memory from the Le Morne Old Cemetery, Mauritius.” Journal of Social Archaeology 15 (2): 233–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seetah, Krish. 2018. “Climate and Disease in the Indian Ocean: An Interdisciplinary Study from Mauritius.” In Connecting Continents: Archaeology and History in the Indian Ocean World, edited by Krish Seetah, 291–316. Athens: Ohio University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Seetah, Krish, Diego Calaon, Saša Čaval, Allessandra Cianciosi, and Aleksander Pluskowski. 2018. “The Materiality of Multiculturalism: An Archaeological Perspective.” In The Mauritian Paradox: Fifty years of Development, Diversity and Democracy, edited by Ramola Ramtohul, and Thomas Hylland Eriksen, 155–174. Réduit, Mauritius: University of Mauritius Press.
   Google Scholar
• Seetah, Krish, Rosa Fregel, Julia Haines, Diego Calaon, and Saša Čaval. 2017. “Archéologie de l’Engagisme: Histoire, Société et Culture des Travailleurs sous Contrat et de Leur Descendants sur l’Île Maurice.” In Archéologie des Migrations, edited by Dominique Garcia, and Hervé le Bras, 329–342. Paris: La Découverte.
   Google Scholar
• Siddiqi, Tazimuddin. 1980. “Unani Medicine in India during the Delhi Sultatate.” Indian Journal of History of Science 15 (1): 18–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silliman, Stephen W. 2010. “Indigenous Traces in Colonial Spaces: Archaeologies of Ambiguity, Origin, and Practice.” Journal of Social Archaeology 10 (28): 28–58.
   Google Scholar
• Singleton, Theresa A. 2015a. “Nineteenth-Century Built Landscape of Plantation Slavery in Comparative Perspective.” In The Archaeology of Slavery: A Comparative Approach to Captivity and Coercion, edited by Lydia Wilson Marshall, 93–115. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Singleton, Theresa A. 2015b. Slavery behind the Wall: An Archaeology of a Cuban Coffee Plantation. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Mark. 1996. “Time, Slavery and Plantation Capitalism in the Ante-Bellum American South.” Past and Present 150 (1): 142–168.
   Google Scholar
• Stoler, Ann Laura. 2013. Imperial Debris: On Ruins and Ruination. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Summers, Geoffrey, and Françoise Summers. 2005. “Architectural and Archaeological Studies at Île de la Passe, Mauritius. The 2005 Season of Fieldwork,” http://www.mauritius.metu.edu.tr/mahbay/ipass/reports.html.
   Google Scholar
• Summers, Geoffrey, and Françoise Summers. 2008. “A Note on the Rockcut Ditch on Île de la Passe, Mauritius.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 43 (1): 124–132.
   Google Scholar
• Summers, Geoffrey, and Françoise Summers. 2009. “Archaeological Potential of the Forbach Estate Camp for Labourers.” Unpublished Final Report, August 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Sussman, Linda K. 1981. “Unity in Diversity in a Polyethnic Society: The Maintenance of Medical Pluralism on Mauritius.” Social Science and Medicine 15 (3, part B): 247–260.
   Google Scholar
• Sussman, Linda K. 1988. “Medicinal Uses of Plants on Mauritius.” Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 25: 411–421.
   Google Scholar
• Tarlow, Sarah. 2007. The Archaeology of Improvement in Britain, 1750–1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Teelock, Vajaya. 1998. Bitter Sugar: Sugar and Slavery in 19th Century Mauritius. Moka: Mahatma Gandhi Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Teelock, Vajaya. 2008. “‘Wine, Lemonade and Herbs’: The Health and Treatment of Slaves in 18th and 19th century Mauritius.” In Épidémies et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle dans l’Histoire des Îles de l’Océan Indien, edited by Sudel Fuma, and Jocelyn Chan Low, 75–87. Saint-Denis, Réunion: Université de la Réunion.
   Google Scholar
• Teelock, Vajaya. 2017. “Un Site Unique à l’Isle de France, Ancienne Colonie Française: le Complexe du Moulin à Poudre.” Entreprises et Histoire 87 (2): 76–87.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, Julian. 2001. “Archaeologies of Place and Landscape.” In Archaeological Theory Today, edited by Ian Hodder, 165–186. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Toussaint, Auguste. 1942. Dictionnaire de Biographie Mauricienne. Port Louis: Société de l’Histoire de l’Île Maurice.
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan, Megan. 2005. Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Mauritius. Durham: Duke University Press Books.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkie, Laurie. 2000. Creating Freedom: Material Culture and African-American Identity at Oakley Plantation, Louisiana, 1845–1950. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
   Google Scholar