Composition, valorization and therapeutical potential of molasses: a critical review

References

• Solomon S. Sugarcane by-products based industries in India. Sugar Tech. 2011;13(4):408–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caballero B, Trugo L, Finglas P. Encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition. Encycl Food Sci Nutr. 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Browne CA. The composition and calorific value of sirups and molasses derived from sugarcane. J Am Chem Soc. 1919;41(9):1432–1440.
   Google Scholar
• Wright AG, Timothy PE, Leodevico LI. Filtered molasses concentrate from sugar cane: natural functional ingredient effective in lowering the glycaemic index and insulin response of high carbohydrate foods. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2014;69(4):310–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teclu D, Tivchev G, Laing M, et al. Determination of the elemental composition of molasses and its suitability as carbon source for growth of sulphate-reducing bacteria. J Hazard Mater. 2009;161(2–3):1157–1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyed RM, El-Diwany A. Molasses as bifidus promoter on bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria growing in skim milk. Internet J Microbiol. 2008;5:21.
   Google Scholar
• Jain R, Venkatasubramanian P. Sugarcane molasses – a potential dietary supplement in the management of iron deficiency anemia. J Diet Suppl. 2017;14(5):589–598.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Annonymous: by-products of the sugar making process. [cited 10 Apr 2020]. http://www.bajajhindusthan.com/by-products.php.
   Google Scholar
• Grandics P. Cancer: a single disease with a multitude of manifestions? J Carcinog. 2003;2(1):9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang BS, Chang LW, Kang ZC, et al. Inhibitory effects of molasses on mutation and nitric oxide production. Food Chem. 2011;126(3):1102–1107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahiman F, Pool EJ. The effect of sugarcane molasses on the immune and male reproductive systems using in vitro and in vivo methods. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2016;19:1125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devendra C. Non-conventional feed resources and fibrous agricultural residues: strategies for expanded utilization; proceedings of a consultation held in Hisar, India; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Pate FM, Alvarez J, Phillips JD, et al. Sugarcane as a cattle feed: production and utilization. Bulletin. 2002;844:1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Ajila CM, Brar SK, Verma M, et al. Bio-processing of agro-byproducts to animal feed. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2012;32(4):382–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston TR, Sansoucy R, Aarts G. Molasses as animal feed: an overview. Sugarcane as Feed, FAO Animal Production and Health Papers 72, Proceeding of an FAO Expert Consultation, Santo Domingo, Dominic Republic, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Ray CS. The hookah – The Indian waterpipe. Curr Sci. 2009;96:1319–1323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaouachi K. A critique of the WHO TobReg’s “advisory note” report entitled: waterpipe tobacco smoking: health effects, research needs and recommended actions by regulators. J Negat Results Biomed. 2006;5(1):17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aslam HM, Saleem S, German S, et al. Harmful effects of shisha: literature review. Int Arch Med. 2014;7(3):16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaouachi K. Hookah (shisha, narghile) smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). A critical review of the relevant literature and the public health consequences. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009;6(2):798–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. Hookah and Shisha [cited 10 Apr 2020]. https://www.dhhs.nh.gov/dphs/tobacco/documents/hookah-shisha-fs.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. 2016. Fair Dinkum fertilizers: manufacturers of quality seaweed products natural fertilizers and their use in agriculture [cited 10 Apr 2020]. https://www.fairdinkumfertilizers.com/downloads/NaturalFertilizersAgriculture.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Dotaniya ML, Datta SC, Biswas DR, et al. Use of sugarcane industrial by-products for improving sugarcane productivity and soil health. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric. 2016;5(3):185–194.
   Google Scholar
• Anandan R, Priya L, Rajendran P. Dynamics of organic biofertilizers on Oryza sativa ADT43. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2016;5(4):902–908.
   Google Scholar
• Sarkar S, Kundu SS, Ghorai D. Validation of ancient liquid organics-Panchagavya and Kunapajala as plant growth promoters. Indian J Tradit Know. 2014;13:398–403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atiyeh H, Duvnjak Z. Production of fructose and ethanol from cane molasses using Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 36858. Acta Biotechnol. 2003(1);23:37–48.
   Google Scholar
• Ni Y, Xia Z, Wang Y, et al. Continuous butanol fermentation from inexpensive sugar-based feedstocks by Clostridium saccharobutylicum DSM 13864. Bioresour Technol. 2013;129:680–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arshad M, Hussain T, Iqbal M, et al. Enhanced ethanol production at commercial scale from molasses using high gravity technology by mutant S. cerevisiae. Braz J Microbiol. 2017;48(3):403–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elena P, Gabriela R, Camelia B, et al. Bioethanol production from molasses by different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Annals of the University of Dunarea de Jos of Galati. Fascicle VI. Food Technol. 2009;33:49.
   Google Scholar
• Kida K, Asano SI, Yamadaki M, et al. Continuous high-ethanol fermentation from cane molasses by flocculating yeast. J Biosci Bioeng. 1990;69:39–45.
   Google Scholar
• Sadik MW, Halema AA. Production of ethanol from molasses and whey permeate using yeasts and bacterial strains. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2014;3:804–818.
   Google Scholar
• Sheoran A, Yadav BS, Nigam P, et al. Continuous ethanol production from sugarcane molasses using a column reactor of immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae HAU-1. J Basic Microbiol. 1998;38:123–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayzuhroh A, Arindhani S, Caroenchai C. Studies on bioethanol production of commercial baker’s and alcohol yeast under aerated culture using sugarcane molasses as the media. Agric Sci Proc. 2016;9:493–499.
   Google Scholar
• Li HG, Luo W, Gu QY, et al. Acetone, butanol, and ethanol production from cane molasses using Clostridium beijerinckii mutant obtained by combined low-energy ion beam implantation and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induction. Bioresour Technol. 2013;137:254–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon YH, Han KJ, Kim D, et al. Enhanced production of butanol and isopropanol from sugarcane molasses using Clostridium beijerinckii optinoii. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng. 2015;20(5):871–877.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechgama K, Laopaiboon L, Laopaiboon P. Enhancement of batch butanol production from sugarcane molasses using nitrogen supplementation integrated with gas stripping for product recovery. Ind Crops Prod. 2017;95:216–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidra A, Tóth AJ, Németh Á. Lactic acid production from cane molasses. Wastewater Treat Resour Recov. 2017(1);2:13–16.
   Google Scholar
• Dumbrepatil A, Adsul M, Chaudhari S, et al. Utilization of molasses sugar for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii mutant Uc-3 in batch fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008;74(1):333–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohashi R, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T. Continuous production of lactic acid from molasses by perfusion culture of Lactococcus lactis using a stirred ceramic membrane reactor. J Biosci Bioeng. 1999;87(5):647–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaisu K, Charles AL, Guu YK, et al. Optimization lactic acid production from molasses renewable raw material through response surface methodology with Lactobacillus casei M-15. APCBEE Proc. 2014;8:194–198.
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava AK, Tripathi AD, Jha A, et al. Production, optimization and characterization of lactic acid by Lactobacillus delbrueckii NCIM 2025 from utilizing agro-industrial byproduct (cane molasses). J Food Sci Technol. 2015;52:3571–3578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekatorou A, Psarianos C, Koutinas AA. Production of food grade yeasts. Food Technol Biotech. 2006;44:407–415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasr NF, Zaky AS. Five major factors affecting the production of baker’s yeast using sugarcane molasses. Strain [cited 10 Apr 2020]. https://www.academia.edu/6506475/Five_major_factors_affecting_the_production_of_baker_s_yeast_using_sugar_cane_molasses.
   Google Scholar
• El-Helow ER, Elbahloul Y, El-Sharouny EE, et al. Economic production of baker’s yeast using a new Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2015;29(4):705–713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Vivekanand V, Singh RP. Solid-state fermentation for gluconic acid production from sugarcane molasses by Aspergillus niger ARNU-4 employing tea waste as the novel solid support. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99(9):3444–3450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olbrich H. The molasses book. Fermentation technologist. Berlin: Institute für Zuckerindustrie; 1963.
   Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi M, Singh M, Rishi CM. Citric acid production from cane molasses using submerged fermentation by Aspergillus niger ATCC9142. J Pharm Res. 2010;3:1215–1222.
   Google Scholar
• El-Hussein AA, Tawfig SA, Mohammed SG, et al. Citric acid production from kenana cane molasses by Aspergillus niger in submerged fermentation. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2009;7:51–57.
   Google Scholar
• Cazetta ML, Celligoi MA, Buzato JB, et al. Optimization study for sorbitol production by Zymomonas mobilis in sugarcane molasses. Process Biochem. 2005;40(2):747–751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang L, Wang J, Liang S, et al. Butyric acid fermentation in a fibrous bed bioreactor with immobilized Clostridium tyrobutyricum from cane molasses. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100:3403–3409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal L, Isar J, Meghwanshi GK, et al. A cost effective fermentative production of succinic acid from cane molasses and corn steep liquor by Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol Biochem. 2006;100(6):1348–1354.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson PJ, McNeil KE, Watson K. Thermotolerant single cell protein production by Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 1988;3:9–14.
   Google Scholar
• Ardestani F, Alishahi F. Optimization of single cell protein production by Aspergillus niger using taguchi approach. J Food Biosci Technol. 2015;5:73–79.
   Google Scholar
• Cazetta ML, Celligoi MA. Study of molasses/vinasse waste ratio for single cell protein and total lipids production. Semina Exact Technol Sci. 2006;27(1):3–10.
   Google Scholar
• He J, Wu AM, Chen D, et al. Cost-effective lignocellulolytic enzyme production by Trichoderma reesei on a cane molasses medium. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2014;7(1):43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Portilla-Rivera OM, Téllez-Luis SJ, Ramírez de León JA, et al. Production of microbial transglutaminase on media made from sugarcane molasses and glycerol. Food Technol Biotech. 2009;47:19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portilla OM, Espinosa V, Jarquin L, et al. Sugarcane molasses as culture media component for microbial transglutaminase production. NISCAIR Online Period Repos. 2017;16:419–425.
   Google Scholar
• Vohra A, Satyanarayana T. A cost-effective cane molasses medium for enhanced cell-bound phytase production by Pichia anomala. J Appl Microbiol. 2004;97(3):471–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur P, Satyanarayana T. Production of cell-bound phytase by Pichia anomala in an economical cane molasses medium: optimization using statistical tools. Process Biochem. 2005;40(9):3095–3102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makkar RS, Cameotra SS. Utilization of molasses for biosurfactant production by two Bacillus strains at thermophilic conditions. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1997;74(7):887–889.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kralova I, Sjöblom J. Surfactants used in food industry: a review. J Disp Sci Technol.. 2009;30(9):1363–1383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi M, Morita T, Wada K, et al. Production of sophorolipid glycolipid biosurfactants from sugarcane molasses using Starmerella bombicola NBRC 10243. J Oleo Sci. 2011;60(5):267–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton C, et al. Fermented functional foods based on probiotics and their biogenic metabolites. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2005;16(2):198–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bijl HL. Production and use of compositions comprising high concentrations of vitamin B12 activity. U.S. Patent No. 6,187,761. 13 Feb. 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Kalingan AE, Krishnan MR. Application of agro-industrial by-products for riboflavin production by Eremothecium ashbyii NRRL 1363. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1997;47:226–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abou-Taleb, Khadiga AA, Mashhoor WA, Sohair AN, et al. Production of vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Bacillus megaterium. J Agric Sci. 2005;30(7):4149–4162.
   Google Scholar
• Liu YP, Zheng P, Sun ZH, et al. Economical succinic acid production from cane molasses by Actinobacillus succinogenes. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99(6):1736–1742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uscanga MA, Abarca BE, Rodriguez JG, et al. Carbon sources and their effect on growth, acetic acid and ethanol production by Brettanomyces bruxellensis in batch culture. J Food Process Eng. 2007;30(1):13–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam T, Diba F, Miah R, et al. Optimization of acetic acid production rate by Thermotolerant Acetobacter spp. Adv. Microbiol. 2017;7(11):749–759.
   Google Scholar
• Hamelman J. Bread: a baker’s book of techniques and recipes. United States: Wiley; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Pate FM, Kunkle WE. Molasses-based feeds and their use as supplements for brood cows. Circular S-Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida (USA). [cited 10 Apr 2020]. http://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/IR/00/00/16/12/00001/AN05000.pdf (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Olbrich H. The molasses. Fermentation technologist. Berlin: Institutfür Zuckerindustrie; 1963.
   Google Scholar
• Shasaltaneh MD, Moosavi-Nejad Z, Gharavi S, et al. Cane molasses as a source of precursors in the bioproduction of tryptophan by Bacillus subtilis. Iran J Microbiol. 2013;5:285–292.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asikin Y, Takahashi M, Mishima T, et al. Antioxidant activity of sugarcane molasses against 2, 2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced peroxyl radicals. Food Chem 2013;141(1):466–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan Y, Tang Q, Fu X, et al. Preparation of antioxidants from sugarcane molasses. Food Chem. 2014;152:552–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valli V, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Di Nunzio M, et al. Sugarcane and sugar beet molasses, antioxidant-rich alternatives to refined sugar. J Agric Food Chem. 2012;60(51):12508–12515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen M, Zhao Y, Chen F, et al. An HPLC-DPPH method for antioxidant activity from sugarcane molasses. Sugar Ind. 2015;140:632–639.
   Google Scholar
• Guimaraes CM, GIao MS, Martinez SS, et al. Antioxidant activity of sugar molasses, including protective effect against DNA oxidative damage. J Food Sci. 2007;72(1):C039–C043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valli V. Possibilities for the healthy and nutritional improvement of confectionery and sweet products [Doctoral dissertation]. Alma; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Wright AG, Ellis TP, Ilag LL. Filtered molasses concentrate from sugarcane: natural functional ingredient effective in lowering the glycaemic index and insulin response of high carbohydrate foods. Plant Food Hum Nutr. 2014;69(4):310–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong F, Yu S, Zeng F, et al. Phenolics content and inhibitory effect of sugarcane molasses on α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro. Sugar Tech. 2016;18(4):333–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takara K, Otsuka K, Wada K, et al. 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of constituents of sugarcane molasses. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007;71(1):183–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudrapal M, Chetia D. Calcium and vitamin D through diet for healthy bones. Everymans Sci. 2017;52:190–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahiman F, Pool EJ. Preliminary study on the effect of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) molasses on steroidogenesis in testicular cell cultures. Afr J Food Sci. 2010;4:37–40.
   Google Scholar
• Veana F, Martínez-Hernández JL, Aguilar CN, et al. Utilization of molasses and sugarcane bagasse for production of fungal invertase in solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger GH1. Braz J Microbiol. 2014;45(2):373–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan NC, Pereira HC, da Silva MD, et al. Improvement production of hyaluronic acid by Streptococcus zooepidemicus in sugarcane molasses. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2017;182(1):276–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vijayakumar J, Aravindan R, Viruthagiri T. Recent trends in the production, purification and application of lactic acid. Chem Biochem Eng Q. 2008;22:245–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke MA. Syrups. In: Caballero B, editor. Encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press; 2003, p. 5711–5717.
   Google Scholar
• Alves VG, Souza AG, Chiavelli LU, et al. Phenolic compounds and anticancer activity of commercial sugarcane cultivated in Brazil. Acad Bras Cienc. 2016;88(3):1201–1209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirajunnisa A, Vijayagopal V, Viruthagiri T. Effect of synthetic carbon substrates and cane molasses, an agro waste on exopolysaccharide production by P. fluorescens. J Therm Sci Eng Appl. 2012;1:60–66.
   Google Scholar
• Chimilovski JS, Habu S, Teixeira RF, et al. Antitumour activity of Grifola frondosa exopolysaccharides produced by submerged fermentation using sugarcane and soy molasses as carbon sources. Food Technol Biotech. 2011;49:359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang L, Xiang Y, Cai J, et al. Effects of three main sugars in cane molasses on the production of butyric acid with Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Korean J Chem Eng. 2011;28(12):2312–2315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klafke N, Eliott JA, Olver IN, et al. The role of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) routines and rituals in men with cancer and their significant others (SOs): a qualitative investigation. Support Care Cancer. 2014;22(5):1319–1331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabek-Lejko D, Tomczyk-Ulanowska K. Phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of selected natural sweeteners available on the Polish market. J Environ Sci Health. 2013;48(12):1089–1096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takara K, Ushijima K, Wada K, et al. Phenolic compounds from sugarcane molasses possessing antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria. J Oleo Sci. 2007;56(11):611–614.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oliva-Neto PD, Yokoya F. Susceptibility of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria from the alcohol industry to several antimicrobial compounds. Braz J Microbiol. 2001;32(1):10–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todorov SD, Dicks LM. Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from molasses produces bacteriocins active against gram-negative bacteria. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2005;36(2–3):318–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaleem N, Iqbal M, Jamil A. Production of antimicrobial agents by Bacillus subtilis through fermentation of molasses. Pak J Biol Sci. 2000;3(8):1326–1329.
   Google Scholar
• De Jong WH, Van Loveren H. Screening of xenobiotics for direct immunotoxicity in an animal study. Methods. 2007;41(1):3–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koge K, Nagai Y, Ebashi T, et al. Physiological functions of sugarcane extracts: Growth promotion, immunopotentiation and anti-coccidial infection effects in chickens. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of Sugar Industry Technologists in USA; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Saska M, Chung CC. Antioxidant properties of sugarcane extracts. Proceedings of the First Biannual World Conference on Recent Development in Sugar Technologies in USA, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Masgoret MS, Botha CJ, Myburgh JG, et al. Molasses as a possible cause of an “endocrine disruptive syndrome” in calves. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2009;76(2):209–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kansal S. Factors determining Indian sugar production and its comparative advantage. In Fiji/FAO 1997 Asia Pacific Sugar Conference, (Suva) (Fiji), 1997, 29–31.
   Google Scholar
• Rangarajan, C. Report of the committee on the regulation of sugar sector in India: The way forward. Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister. Government of India [cited 10 Apr 2020]. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/a-seshan/bland-analysis-of-sugar-sector/article22985416.ece.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) [cited 10 Apr 2020]. https://fssai.gov.in/hi/dam/jcr:d8688991.../Compendium_Licensing_Regulations.pdf (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. License requirement to molasses- a sugar industry by-product-reg [cited 10 Apr 2020]. https://www.fssai.gov.in/dam/jcr.../Order_License_Sugar_Industry_16_01_2017.pdf (2017).
   Google Scholar
• Khan MT, Imtiaz AK. Sugarcane biofuels. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Sangwan S, Gupta S, Singh P, et al. Fuel ethanol production from molasses by indigenous yeast isolates. Sugar Tech. 2014;16(4):422–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard R, Bhattacharya SC, Chowdhury M, et al. A review of biofuels in India: challenges and opportunities. World Energy Engineering Congress Orlando [cited 10 Apr 2020]. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19310.
   Google Scholar