191
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Loss Frequency Versus Long-Term Outcome in Preschoolers' Decision Making on a Child Variant of the Iowa Gambling Task

&

REFERENCES

  • Anderson, S. W., & Tranel, D. (2013). Social outcome following early-life damage to prefrontal cortex. In D. T. Stuss & R. T. Knight (Eds.), Principles of frontal lobe function (2nd ed., pp. 455–465). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Anderson, V., Anderson, P., Jacobs, R., & Smith, M. (2008). Development and assessment of executive function: From preschool to adolescence. In V. Anderson R. Jacobs & P. J. Anderson (Eds.), Executive functions and the frontal lobes: A lifespan perspective (pp. 123–154). Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.
  • Bechara, A., Damasio, A., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50, 7–15. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
  • Blair, C., & Dennis, T. (2010). An optimal balance: The integration of emotion and cognition in context. In S. D. Calkins & M. Bell (Eds.), Child development at the intersection of emotion and cognition (pp. 17–35). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Bolla, K. I., Eldreth, D. A., Matochik, J. A., & Cadet, J. L. (2004). Sex-related differences in a gambling task and its neurological correlates. Cerebral Cortex, 14, 1226–1232. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh083
  • Bradley, S. (2000). Affect regulation and the development of psychopathology. New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Brand, M., Labudda, K., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2006). Neuropsychological correlates of decision-making in ambiguous and risky situations. Neural Network, 19, 1266–1276. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.001
  • Buelow, M. T., & Suhr, J. A. (2009). Construct validity of the Iowa Gambling Task. Neuropsychology Review, 19, 102–114. doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9083-4
  • Byrnes, J., Miller, D., & Schafer, W. (1999). Sex differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 367–383. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.3.367
  • Carlson, S., Zayas, V., & Guthormsen, A. (2009). Neural correlates of decision making on a gambling task. Child Development, 80, 1076–1096. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01318.x
  • Caroselli, J., Hiscock, M., Scheibel, R. S., & Ingram, F. (2006). The simulated gambling paradigm applied to young adults: An examination of university students' performance. Applied Neuropsychology, 13, 203–212. doi:10.1207/s15324826an1304_1
  • Crone, E., Bunge, S., Latenstein, H., & van der Molen, M. (2005). Characterization of children's decision-making: Sensitivity to punishment frequency, not task complexity. Child Neuropsychology, 11, 245–263. doi:10.1080/092970490911261
  • Crone, E., Jennings, R., & van der Molan, M. (2003). Sensitivity to interference and response contingencies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 214–226. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00115
  • Crone, E., & van der Molen, M. (2004). Developmental changes in real life decision making: Performance on a gambling task previously shown to depend on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Developmental Neuropsychology, 25, 251–279. doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2503_2
  • Crone, E., & van der Molen, M. (2007). Development of decision making in school-aged children and adolescents: Evidence from heart rate and skin conductance analysis. Child Development, 78, 1288–1301. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01066.x
  • Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes' error. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
  • Diamond, A. (2006). The early development of executive functions. In E. Bialystock & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Lifespan cognition: Mechanisms of change (pp. 70–95). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Dunn, B. D., Dalgleish, T., & Lawrence, A. D. (2006). The somatic marker hypothesis: A critical evaluation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 239–271. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.07.001
  • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Miller, P. A., Fultz, J., Shell, R., Mathy, R. M., & Reno, R. R. (1989). Relation of sympathy and personal distress to prosocial behavior: A multimethod study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 55–66. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.1.55
  • Eisenberg, N., Guthrie, I., Fabes, R., Reiser, M., Murphy, B., Holgren, R. & Losoya, S. (1997). The relations of regulation and emotionality to resiliency and competent social functioning in elementary school children. Child Development, 68, 295–311. doi:10.2307/1131851
  • Eisenberg, N., Michalik, N., Spinrad, T. L., Hofer, C., Kupfer, A., Valiente, C. & Reiser, M. (2007). The relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children's sympathy: A longitudinal study. Cognitive Development, 22, 544–567. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.08.003
  • Eisenberg, N., Zhou, Q., Losoya, S. H., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Murphy, B. C. & Cumberland, A. (2003). The relations of parenting, effortful control, and ego control to children's emotional expressivity. Child Development, 74, 875–895. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00573
  • Fellows, L. K., & Farah, M. J. (2005). Different underlying impairments in decision-making following ventromedial and dorsolateral frontal lobe damage in humans. Cerebral Cortex, 15, 58–63. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh108
  • Gao, S., Wei, Y., Bai, J., Lin, C., & Li, H. (2009). Young children's affective decision-making in a gambling task: Does difficulty in learning the gain/loss schedule matter? Cognitive Development, 24, 183–191. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.07.006
  • Garon, N., Bryson, S. E., & Smith, I. M. (2008). Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 31–60. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.31
  • Garon, N., Longard, J., Craig, B., & Kent, K. (2013). Loss frequency and awareness predict performance on a preschool variant of the Iowa Gambling Task. Journal of Cognition and Development. doi:10.1080/15248372.2013.826662
  • Garon, N., & Moore, C. (2004). Complex decision-making in early childhood. Brain and Cognition, 55, 158–170. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00272-0
  • Garon, N., & Moore, C. (2007a). Awareness and symbol use improves future-oriented decision-making in preschoolers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 31, 39–59. doi:10.1207/s15326942dn3101_3
  • Garon, N., & Moore, C. (2007b). Developmental and sex differences in future-oriented decision-making during the preschool period. Child Neuropsychology, 13, 46–63. doi:10.1080/09297040600762701
  • Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Luck, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A. C. & Thompson, P. M. (2004). Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 8174–8179.
  • Heilman, R. M., Miu, A. C., & Benga, O. (2009). Developmental and sex-related differences in preschoolers' affective decision making. Child Neuropsychology, 15, 73–84. doi:10.1080/09297040802266436
  • Hobson, C. W., Scott, S., & Rubia, K. (2011). Investigation of cool and hot executive function in ODD/CD independently of ADHD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 1035–1043. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02454.x
  • Hooper, C., Luciana, M., Conklin, H., & Yarger, R. (2004). Adolescents' performance on the Iowa Gambling Task: Implications for the development of decision making and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1148–1158. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1148
  • Horstmann, A., Villringer, A., & Neumann, J. (2012). Iowa Gambling Task: There is more to consider than long-term outcome. Using a linear equation model to disentangle the impact of outcome and frequency of gains and losses. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 6, 61. doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00061
  • Huizenga, H., Crone, E., & Jansen, B. (2007). Decision-making in healthy children, adolescents and adults explained by the use of increasingly complex proportional reasoning rules. Developmental Science, 10, 814–825. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00621.x
  • Johnson, S. A., Yechiam, E., Murphy, R. R., Queller, S., & Stout, J. C. (2006). Motivational processes and autonomic responsivity in Asperger's disorder: Evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 668–676. doi:10.1017/S1355617706060802
  • Kerr, A., & Zelazo, P. (2004). Development of ‘hot’ executive function: The children's gambling task. Brain and Cognition, 55, 148–157. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00275-6
  • Kochanska, G., Murray, K., Jacques, T., Koenig, A., & Vandeceest, K. (1996). Inhibitory control in young children and its role in emerging internalization. Child Development, 67, 490–507. doi:10.2307/1131828
  • Lin, C. H., Chiu, Y. C., & Huang, J. T. (2009). Gain–loss frequency and final outcome in the Soochow Gambling Task: A reassessment. Behavioral and Brain Function, 5. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-45
  • Lin, C., Chiu, Y., Lee, P., & Hsieh, J. (2007). Is Deck B a disadvantageous deck in the Iowa Gambling Task? Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-3-16
  • Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244, 933–938. doi:10.1126/science.2658056
  • Mitchell, D. V., Colledge, E. E., Leonard, A. A., & Blair, R. R. (2002). Risky decisions and response reversal: Is there evidence of orbito-frontal cortex dysfunction in psychopathic individuals?. Neuropsychologia, 40, 2013–2022. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00056-8
  • Morrison, F., Ponitz, C., & McClelland, M. (2010). Self-regulation and academic achievement in the transition to school. In S. D. Calkins & M. Bell (Eds.), Child development at the intersection of emotion and cognition (pp. 203–224). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Nieuwenhuis, S., Aston-Jones, G., & Cohen, J. (2005). Decision making, the P3, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 510–532. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.510
  • Overman, W. (2004). Sex differences in early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood on cognitive tasks that rely on orbital prefrontal cortex. Brain and Cognition, 55, 134–147. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00279-3
  • Overman, W., Frassrand, K., Ansel, S., Trawalter, S., Bies, B., & Redmond, A. (2004). Performance on the IOWA card task by adolescents and adults. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1838–1851. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.03.014
  • Prencipe, A., Kesek, A., Cohen, J., Lamm, C., Lewis, M. D., & Zelazo, P. (2011). Development of hot and cool executive function during the transition to adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108, 621–637. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.09.008
  • Rogers, R., Owen, A., Middleton, H., Williams, E., Pickard, J., Sahakian, B., & Robbins, T. (1999). Choosing between small, likely rewards and large, unlikely rewards activates inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 9029–9038.
  • van den Bos, R., Homberg, J., & de Visser, L. (2013). A critical review of sex differences in decision-making tasks: Focus on the Iowa Gambling Task. Behavioural Brain Research, 238, 95–108. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.002
  • van Leijenhorst, L., Westenberg, P., & Crone, E. (2008). A developmental study of risky decisions on the cake gambling task: Age and sex analyses of probability estimation and reward evaluation. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33, 179–196. doi:10.1080/87565640701884287
  • Zelazo, P., & Müller, U. (2002). Executive function in typical and atypical development. In U. Goswami (Ed.), Blackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development (pp. 445–469). Malden, MA: Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9780470996652.ch20

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.