Utility of matrix reasoning as an embedded performance validity indicator in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury

References

• Babikian, T. & Boone, K. B. (2007). Intelligence tests as measures of effort. In K. B. Boone (Ed.). Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment. A neuropsychological perspective. (pp. 103–127). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, D. A., Connery, A. K., Kirk, J. W., & Kirkwood, M. W. (2013). Embedded performance validity indicators within the California Verbal Learning Test, Children’s Version. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28(1), 116–127. doi:10.1080/13854046.2013.858184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaskewitz, N., Merten, T., & Kathmann, N. (2008). Performance of children on symptom validity tests: TOMM, MSVT, and FIT. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23, 379–391. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2008.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boone, K. B. (2009). The need for continuous and comprehensive sampling of effort/response bias during neuropsychological examinations. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 729–741. doi:10.1080/13854040802427803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, B. L. & Ploetz, D. M. (2015). Embedded performance validity on the CVLT-C for youth with neurological disorders. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30(3), 200–206. doi:10.1093/arclin/acv017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chafetz, M. (2008). Malingering on the Social Security Disability Consultative Exam: Predictors and base rates. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 529– 546. doi:10.1080/13854040701346104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faust, D., Hart, K., Guilmette, T. J. (1988). Pediatric malingering: The capacity of children to fake believable deficits on neuropsychological testing. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(4), 578–582. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.4.578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaro, L., & Boone, K. (2009). Using objective effort measures to detect noncredible cognitive test performance in children and adolescents. In J. E. Morgan & J. J. Sweets (Eds.), Neuropsychology of malingering casebook (pp. 369–376). New York, NY: Psychology Press
   Google Scholar
• Green, C. M., Kirk, J. W., Connery, A. K., Baker, D. A., & Kirkwood, M. W. (2014). The use of the Rey 15-Item Test and recognition trial to evaluate noncredible effort after pediatric mild TBI. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 36(3), 261–267. doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.879096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, P. (2003). Green’s Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) for Microsoft Windows: User’s manual and program. Edmonton, Canada: Green’s Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Green, P., Flaro, L., Brockhaus, R., & Montijo, J. (2012). Performance on the WMT, MSVT, and NV-MSVT in children with developmental disabilities and in adults with mild traumatic brain injury. In C. Reynolds & A. Horton (Eds.), Detection of malingering during head injury litigation (2nd ed., pp. 201–219). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Gudjonsson, G., & Shackleton, H. (1986). The pattern of scores on Raven’s Matrices during “faking bad” and “non-faking” performance. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 35–41. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1986.tb00668.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilbronner, R. L., Sweet, J. J., Morgan, J. E., Larrabee, G. J., Millis, S. R. & Conference Participants Participants. (2009). American academy of clinical neuropsychology consensus conference statement on the neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23(7), 1093–1129. doi:10.1080/13854040903155063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood, M. W. (2015). Validity testing in child and adolescent assessment: Evaluation exaggeration, feigning, and noncredible effort. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkwood, M. W., Connery, A. K., Kirk, J. W., & Baker, D. A. (2014). Detecting performance invalidity in children: not quite as easy as A, B, C, 1, 2, 3 but automatized sequences appears promising. Child Neuropsychology, 20(2), 245–252. doi:10.1080/09297049.2012.759553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood, M. W., Hargrave, D. D., & Kirk, J. W. (2011). The value of the WISC-IV Digit Span subtest in detecting noncredible performance during pediatric neuropsychological examinations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26(5), 377–384. doi:10.1093/arclin/acr040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood, M. W., & Kirk, J. W. (2010). The base rate of suboptimal effort in a pediatric mild TBI sample: Performance on the Medical Symptom Validity Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24, 860–872 doi:10.1080/13854040903527287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood, M. W., Kirk, J. W., Blaha, R. Z., & Wilson, P. (2010). Noncredible effort during pediatric psychological exam: A case series and literature review. Child Neuropsychology, 16(6), 604–618. doi:10.1080/09297049.2010.495059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood, M. W., Yeates, K. O., Randolph, C. & Kirk, J. W. (2012). The implications of symptom validity test failure for ability-based test performance in a pediatric sample. Psychological Assessment, 24(1), 36–45. doi:10.1037/a0024628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood, M. W., Yeates, K. O., Taylor, H. G., Randolph, C., McCrea, M., & Anderson, V. A. (2008). Management of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: A neuropsychological review from injury through recovery. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22(5), 769–800. doi:10.1080/13854040701543700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrabee, G. J. (2012). Performance validity and symptom validity in neuropsychological assessment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18(4), 625–630. doi:10.1017/s1355617712000240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, J. C. G., Flaro, L., Peterson, R. L., Connery, A. K., Baker, D. A., & Kirkwood, M. W. (2015). The Medical Symptom Validity Test measures effort not ability in children: A comparison between mild TBI and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder samples. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30(3), 192–199. doi:10.1093/arclin/acv012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein, J. D., Erdodi, L. A., & Linnea, K. S. (2016). Introducing a forced-choice recognition task to the California Verbal Learning Test – Children’s Version. Child Neuropsychology, 25, 1–16. doi:10.1080/09297049.2015.1135422
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinzey, R. K., Podd, M. H., Krehbiel, M. A. & Raven, J., (1999). Detection of malingering on the Raven Progressive Matrices: A cross-validation. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 435–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinzey, R. K., Prieler, J., & Raven, J. (2003). Detection of children’s malingering on Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 95–99. doi:10.1348/014466503762842048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rambo, P. L., Callahan, J. L., Hogan, L. R., Hullmann, S., & Wrape, E. (2014). Effort testing in children: Can cognitive and symptom validity measures differentiate malingered performances? Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 4(1), 1–8. doi:10.1080/21622965.2013.780238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, E. M., & Brooks, B. L. (2015). Child and adolescent memory profile. Lutz, FL: PAR.
   Google Scholar
• Singhal, A., Green, P., Ashaye, K., Shankar, K., & Gill, D. (2009). High specificity of the Medical Symptom Validity Test in patients with very severe memory impairment. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24, 721–728. doi:10.1093/arclin/acp074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (WASI). San Antonio, TX: NCS Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2011). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II). San Antonio, TX: NCS Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Welsh, A. J., Bender, H. A., Whitman, L. A., Vasserman, M., & MacAllister, W. S. (2012). Clinical utility of reliable digit span in assessing effort in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(7), 735–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar