The factors associated with school readiness: Sensory processing, motor, and visual perceptual skills, and executive functions in kindergarten children

References

• Abotsi, A. K. (2013). Expectations of school feeding programme: Impact on school enrolment, attendance and academic performance in elementary Ghanaian schools. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 3(1), 76–92. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2013/2652
   Google Scholar
• Ahn, R. R., Miller, L. J., Milberger, S., & McIntosh, D. N. (2004). Prevalence of parents’ perceptions of sensory processing disorders among kindergarten children. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(3), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.58.3.287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashburner, J., Ziviani, J., & Rodger, S. (2008). Sensory processing and classroom emotional, behavioral, and educational outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(5), 564–573. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.62.5.564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassok, D., Latham, S., & Rorem, A. (2016). Is kindergarten the new first grade? AERA Open, 2(1), 233285841561635. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858415616358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendixen, R. M., & Kreider, C. M. (2011). Review of occupational therapy research in the practice area of children and youth. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(3), 351–359. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2011.000976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernhardt, B., & Major, E. (2005). Speech, language, and literacy skills 3 years later: A follow‐up study of early phonological and metaphonological intervention. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 40(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13682820410001686004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2015). School readiness and self-regulation: A developmental psychobiological approach. Annual Review of Psychology, 66(1), 711–731. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair, C., & Razza, R. P. (2007). Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten. Child Development, 78(2), 647–663. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01019.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohlmann, N. L., & Downer, J. T. (2016). Self-regulation and task engagement as predictors of emergent language and literacy skills. Early Education and Development, 27(1), 18–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.1046784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruininks, R. H., & Bruininks, B. D. (2005). Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2). [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t14991-000
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, C. E., Brock, L. L., Murrah, W. M., Bell, L. H., Worzalla, S. L., Grissmer, D., & Morrison, F. J. (2012). Fine motor skills and executive function both contribute to kindergarten achievement. Child Development, 83(4), 1229–1244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01768.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, C. E., Brock, L. L., Hatfield, B. E., Cottone, E. A., Rubinstein, E., LoCasale-Crouch, J., & Grissmer, D. W. (2015). Visuomotor integration and inhibitory control compensate for each other in school readiness. Developmental Psychology, 51(11), 1529–1543. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, C. E. (2018). Understanding foundational cognitive skills. In C. E. Cameron (Ed.), Hands on, minds on: How executive function, motor, and spatial skills foster school readiness? (pp. 41–56). Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Canbulat, T., & Kırıktaş, H. (2016). İlkokula Hazır Bulunuşluk Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Academia Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 26–35. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/egitim/issue/28259/300091
   Google Scholar
• Callcott, D. (2012). Retained primary reflexes in preprimary-aged Indigenous children: The effect on movement ability and school readiness. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 37(2), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911203700218
   Google Scholar
• Chung, K. K., Liu, H., McBride, C., Wong, A. M., & Lo, J. C. (2017). How socioeconomic status, executive functioning, and verbal interactions contribute to early academic achievement in Chinese children. Educational Psychology, 37(4), 402–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1179264
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, C. A., Pritchard, V. E., & Woodward, L. J. (2010). Preschool executive functioning abilities predict early mathematics achievement. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 1176–1191. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çiftçi, H. A., Uyanık, G., & Acar, İ. H. (2020). Çocukluk Dönemi Yürütücü İşlevler Envanteri Türkçe Formunun 48–72 aylık çocuklar için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 762–787. https://doi.org/10.24130/eccd-jecs.1967202043260
   Google Scholar
• Dean, E. E., Little, L., Tomchek, S., & Dunn, W. (2018). Sensory processing in the general population: Adaptability, resiliency, and challenging behavior. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(1), 7201195060p1–7201195060p8. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2018.019919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dednam, A. (2011). Learning impairment. In E. Landsberg, D. Kruger, & N. Nel (Eds.), Addressing barriers to learning: A South African perspective (pp. 363–379). Van Schaik.
   Google Scholar
• Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, G. J., Dowsett, C. J., Claessens, A., Magnuson, K., Huston, A. C., Klebanov, P., Pagani, L. S., Feinstein, L., Engel, M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Sexton, H., Duckworth, K., & Japel, C. (2007). School readiness and later achievement. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1428–1446. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, W. (1999). The sensory profile manual. Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn, W. (2001). The sensations of everyday life: Empirical, theoretical, and pragmatic considerations. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(6), 608–620. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.55.6.608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farran, D. C. (2011). Rethinking school readiness. Exceptionality Education International, 21(2), 5–15.
   Google Scholar
• Fazlioğlu, Y., & Baran, G. (2008). A sensory integration therapy program on sensory problems for children with autism. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 106(2), 415–422. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.106.2.415-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick, C., & Pagani, L. S. (2012). Toddler working memory skills predict kindergarten school readiness. Intelligence, 40(2), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2011.11.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuhs, M. W., Wyant, A. B., & Day, J. D. (2011). Unique contributions of impulsivity and inhibition to prereading skills in preschoolers at Head Start. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 25(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2011.555497
   Google Scholar
• Graziano, P. A., Garb, L. R., Ros, R., Hart, K., & Garcia, A. (2016). Executive functioning and school readiness among preschoolers with externalizing problems: The moderating role of the student–teacher relationship. Early Education and Development, 27(5), 573–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1102019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenburg, J. E., Carlson, A. G., Kim, H., Curby, T. W., & Winsler, A. (2020). Early visual-spatial integration skills predict elementary school achievement among low-income, ethnically diverse children. Early Education and Development, 31(2), 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2019.1636353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, H. A., & Miller, G. E. (2017). Executive function skills, early mathematics, and vocabulary in Head Start preschool children. Early Education and Development, 28(3), 290–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1218728
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horm, D., Norris, D., Perry, D., Chazan-Cohen, R., & Halle, T. (2016). Developmental foundations of school readiness for infants and toddlers: A research to practice report. OPRE Report 2016-07. US Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved May 29, 2022, from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED606689.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jasmin, E., Gauthier, A., Julien, M., & Hui, C. (2018). Occupational therapy in preschools: A synthesis of current knowledge. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46(1), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0840-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, D., Innerd, A., Giles, E. L., & Azevedo, L. B. (2021). The association between physical activity, motor skills and school readiness in 4–5-year-old children in the northeast of England. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 11931. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Josman, N., Abdallah, T. M., & Engel-Yeger, B. (2006). A comparison of visual-perceptual and visual-motor skills between Palestinian and Israeli children. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60(2), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.60.2.215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kartal, H., & Guner, F. (2018). A review of articles that include the schools’ readiness dimension. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), 431–443. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.7.3.431
   Google Scholar
• Kay, L. (2022). ‘What works’ and for whom? Bold Beginnings and the construction of the school ready child. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 20(2), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X211052791
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayıhan, H., Akel, B. S., Salar, S., Huri, M., Karahan, S., Turker, D., & Korkem, D. (2015). Development of a Turkish version of the sensory profile: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric validation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 120(3), 971–986. https://doi.org/10.2466/08.27.PMS.120v17x8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kose, B., Sahin, S., Karabulut, E., & Kayihan, H. (2021). Turkish version of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2 Brief Form: Its validity and reliability in children with specific learning disability. Bezmialem Science, 9(2), 198–204. 10.14235/bas.galenos.2021.4200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. C. (2022). Visual perceptual skills as predictors of handwriting skills of children grades 1–3. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 15(3), 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2021.1959484
   Google Scholar
• Lewit, E. M., & Baker, L. S. (1995). School readiness. The Future of Children, 5(2), 128–139. https://doi.org/10.2307/1602361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C., Chung, K. K. H., & Fung, W. K. (2019). Bidirectional relationships between children’s executive functioning, visual skills, and word reading ability during the transition from kindergarten to primary school. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 59, 101779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lust, C. A., & Donica, D. K. (2011). Effectiveness of a handwriting readiness program in Head Start: A two-group controlled trial. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(5), 560–568. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2011.000612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, T. D., Hund, A. M., Hesson‐McInnis, M. S., & Roman, Z. J. (2017). Pathways to school readiness: Executive functioning predicts academic and social–emotional aspects of school readiness. Mind, Brain, and Education, 11(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariano, M., Santos-Junior, A., L. Lima, J., Perisinotto, J., Brandão, C., J. Surkan, P., S. Martins, S., & C. Caetano, S. (2019). Ready for school? A systematic review of school readiness and later achievement. Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 19(10), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.34257/GJHSSGVOL19IS10PG57
   Google Scholar
• Martin, N. A., & Gardner, M. F. (2006). Test of visual perceptual skills. Academic Therapy Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Martino, E. M., & Lape, J. E. (2021). Occupational therapy in the preschool classroom: Promoting fine motor and visual motor skills for kindergarten readiness. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 14(2), 134–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2020.1822261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland, M. M., Acock, A. C., & Morrison, F. J. (2006). The impact of kindergarten learning-related skills on academic trajectories at the end of elementary school. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21(4), 471–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2006.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland, M. M., & Cameron, C. E. (2019). Developing together: The role of executive function and motor skills in children’s early academic lives. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 46, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.03.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhillips, M., & Jordan‐Black, J. A. (2007). The effect of social disadvantage on motor development in young children: A comparative study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 48(12), 1214–1222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01814.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metwally, A. M., El-Sonbaty, M. M., El Etreby, L. A., Salah El-Din, E. M., Abdel Hamid, N., Hussien, H. A., Hassanin, A. M., & Monir, Z. M. (2020). Impact of national Egyptian school feeding program on growth, development, and school achievement of school children. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16(4), 393–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00342-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, L. J., Anzalone, M. E., Lane, S. J., Cermak, S. A., & Osten, E. T. (2007). Concept evolution in sensory integration: A proposed nosology for diagnosis. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(2), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.61.2.135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed, S. A. (2013). The development of a school readiness screening instrument for grade 00 (pre-grade r) learners [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Free State. Retrieved from May 21, 2022, from https://scholar.ufs.ac.za/handle/MohamedSA.
   Google Scholar
• Nesbitt, K. T., Baker-Ward, L., & Willoughby, M. T. (2013). Executive function mediates socio-economic and racial differences in early academic achievement. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28(4), 774–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2013.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohl, A. M., Graze, H., Weber, K., Kenny, S., Salvatore, C., & Wagreich, S. (2013). Effectiveness of a 10-week Tier-1 response to intervention program in improving fine motor and visual–motor skills in general education kindergarten students. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(5), 507–514. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.008110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pace, A., Alper, R., Burchinal, M. R., Golinkoff, R. M., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2019). Measuring success: Within and cross-domain predictors of academic and social trajectories in elementary school. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 46, 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagani, L. S., Fitzpatrick, C., Archambault, I., & Janosz, M. (2010). School readiness and later achievement: A French Canadian replication and extension. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 984–994. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmawati, A., Tairas, M. M. W., & Nawangsari, N. A. F. (2018). Children’s school readiness: teachers’ and parents’ perceptions. International Journal of Pedagogy and Teacher Education, 2(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.20961/ijpte.v2i1.14876
   Google Scholar
• Resch, C., Meijs, C., de Groot, R., van der Wurff, I., Xu, K., & Hurks, P. (2019). Classroom interventions targeting sensory processing and executive functions of school-aged children: A systematic review comparing and contrasting different intervention approaches. Maastricht University. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://www.nro.nl/sites/nro/files/migrate/nro-eindrapportage-405-18-637.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ribner, A. D., Willoughby, M. T., & Blair, C. B. (2017). Executive function buffers the association between early math and later academic skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 869. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricciardi, C., Manfra, L., Hartman, S., Bleiker, C., Dineheart, L., & Winsler, A. (2021). School readiness skills at age four predict academic achievement through 5th grade. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 57, 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano, E., Babchishin, L., Pagani, L. S., & Kohen, D. (2010). School readiness and later achievement: Replication and extension using a nationwide Canadian survey. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 995–1007. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouse, E., Nicholas, M., & Garner, R. (2023). School readiness – What does this mean? Educators’ perceptions using a cross sector comparison. International Journal of Early Years Education, 31(1), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2020.1733938
   Google Scholar
• Russo, J. M., Williford, A. P., Markowitz, A. J., Vitiello, V. E., & Bassok, D. (2019). Examining the validity of a widely-used school readiness assessment: Implications for teachers and early childhood programs. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 48, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabol, T. J., & Pianta, R. C. (2012). Patterns of school readiness forecast achievement and socioemotional development at the end of elementary school. Child Development, 83(1), 282–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01678.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneck, C. (2005). Visual perception. In Case-Smith J. (Ed.), Occupational therapy for children (pp. 373–403). Mosby Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Sheppard, L., Osmond, J., & Stagnitti, K. (2013). The effectiveness of a multidisciplinary intervention to improve school readiness in children with developmental concerns: Children’s skill development and parent perspective. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 6(2), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2013.811346
   Google Scholar
• Shrestha, N. (2020). Detecting multicollinearity in regression analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8(2), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-8-2-1
   Google Scholar
• Shrivastava, S., Patil, V., Shelke, M., Anvikar, M., Mathur, A., & Pathak, A. (2019). Assessment of school readiness of children and factors associated with risk of inadequate school readiness in Ujjain, India: An observational study. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 3(1), e000509. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000509
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thorell, L. B., & Nyberg, L. (2008). The Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI): A new rating instrument for parents and teachers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33(4), 536–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565640802101516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdine, B. N., Golinkoff, R. M., Hirsh‐Pasek, K., Newcombe, N. S., Filipowicz, A. T., & Chang, A. (2014). Deconstructing building blocks: Preschoolers’ spatial assembly performance relates to early mathematical skills. Child Development, 85(3), 1062–1076. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitiello, V. E., & Greenfield, D. B. (2017). Executive functions and approaches to learning in predicting school readiness. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 53, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2017.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, M. S., & Shellenberger, S. (1996). How does your engine run?: A leader’s guide to the alert program for self-regulation. TherapyWorks, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Woodward, S., & Swinth, Y. (2002). Multisensory approach to handwriting remediation: Perceptions of school-based occupational therapists. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56(3), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.56.3.305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward, L. J., Lu, Z., Morris, A. R., & Healey, D. M. (2017). Preschool self regulation predicts later mental health and educational achievement in very preterm and typically developing children. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 31(2), 404–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2016.1251614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yıldız, R., Yıldız, A., Soysal Acar, A., & Elbasan, B. (2020). Sensory processing in preterm children at 5 years of age and its association with school readiness. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 31(3), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.532919
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yücelyiğit, S., & Aral, N. (2016). Üç boyutlu (3d) animasyon filmler ve etkileşimli uygulamaların okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının görsel algı gelişimi üzerine etkileri. Eğitim Ve Bilim, 41(188), 6743. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2016.6743
   Google Scholar
• Zachry, A. H., Woods, L., & Jones McMurry, T. (2020). Parental perception of competence related to school preparation for their children after participation in a brief kindergarten readiness workshop. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 13(3), 320–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2019.1700474
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar