51
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Assessing adherence and clinical utility of modified goal management training for adolescents with ADHD: A pilot study

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.: Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association.
  • Babinski, D. E. (2024). Sex differences in ADHD: Review and priorities for future research. Current Psychiatry Reports, 26(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-024-01492-6
  • Beck, J. S., Beck, A. T., & Jolly, J. B. (2005). Beck Youth Inventories – second edition (BYI-2). Pearson.
  • Boland, H., DiSalvo, M., Fried, R., Woodworth, K. Y., Wilens, T., Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (2020). A literature review and meta-analysis on the effects of ADHD medications on functional outcomes. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 123, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.01.006
  • Brandt, A. E., Finnanger, T. G., Hypher, R. E., Rø, T. B., Skovlund, E., Andersson, S., Risnes, K., & Stubberud, J. (2021). Rehabilitation of executive function in chronic paediatric brain injury: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine, 19(1), 253. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02129-8
  • Breaux, R. P., Langberg, J. M., McLeod, B. D., Molitor, S. J., Smith, Z. R., Bourchtein, E., & Green, C. D. (2018). The importance of therapeutic processes in school-based psychosocial treatment of homework problems in adolescents with ADHD. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(5), 427–438. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000300
  • Canadian Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Resource Alliance (CADDRA). (2014, March). ADHD checklist. https://www.caddra.ca/pdfs/caddraGuidelines2011ADHDChecklist.pdf
  • Canivez, G. L., Watkins, M. W., & Dombrowski, S. C. (2017). Structural validity of the Weschler Intelligence Scale for children – fifth edition: Confirmatory factor analyses with the 16 primary and secondary subtests. Psychological Assessment, 29(4), 458–472. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000358
  • Charach, A., & Fernandez, R. (2013). Enhancing ADHD medication adherence: Challenges and opportunities. Current Psychiatry Reports, 15(7), 371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-013-0371-6
  • Corcoran, J., & Dattalo, P. (2006). Parent involvement in treatment for ADHD: A meta-analysis of the published studies. Research on Social Work Practice, 16(6), 561–570. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731506289127
  • Cortese, S., Ferrin, M., Brandeis, D., Holtmann, M., Aggensteiner, P., Daley, D., Santosh, P., Simonoff, E., Stevenson, J., Stringaris, A., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J., European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG). (2016). Neurofeedback for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Meta-analysis of clinical and neuropsychological outcomes from randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(6), 444–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.03.007
  • Cortese, S., Ferrin, M., Brandeis, D., Buitelaar, J., Daley, D., Dittmann, R. W., Holtmann, M., Santosh, P., Stevenson, J., Stringaris, A., Zuddas, A., … & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S, European ADHD Guidelines Group. (2015). Cognitive training for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Meta-analysis of clinical and neuropsychological outcomes from randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(3), 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.010
  • Cuberos-Urbano, G., Caracuel, A., Valls-Serrano, C., García-Mochón, L., Gracey, F., & Verdejo-García, A. (2018). A pilot investigation of the potential for incorporating lifelog technology into executive function rehabilitation for enhanced transfer of self-regulation skills to everyday life. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 28(4), 589–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2016.1187630
  • Daley, D., Van der Oord, S., Ferrin, M., Danckaerts, M., Doepfner, M., Cortese, S., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S, European ADHD Guidelines Group. (2014). Behavioral interventions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials across multiple outcome domains. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(8), 835–847.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.013
  • Delis, D. C., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J. H. (2001). Delis-Kaplan executive function system (D–KEFS). The Psychological Corporation.
  • Duncan, J., Emslie, H., Williams, P., Johnson, R., & Freer, C. (1996). Intelligence and the frontal. lobe: The organization of goal-directed behavior. Cognitive Psychology, 30(3), 257–303. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1996.0008
  • DuPaul, G. J., & Langberg, J. M. (2015). Educational impairments in children with ADHD. In R. A. Barkley (Ed.), Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed.). Guilford.
  • Faraone, S. V., Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., Zheng, Y., Biederman, J., Bellgrove, M. A., Newcorn, J. H., Gignac, M., Al Saud, N. M., Manor, I., Rohde, L. A., Yang, L., Cortese, S., Almagor, D., Stein, M. A., Albatti, T. H., Aljoudi, H. F., Alqahtani, M. M. J., Asherson, P., … Wang, Y. (2021). The world federation of ADHD international consensus statement: 208 evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 128, 789–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022
  • Gajria, K., Lu, M., Sikirica, V., Greven, P., Zhong, Y., Qin, P., & Xie, J. (2014). Adherence, persistence, and medication discontinuation in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – a systematic literature review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 1543–1569. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S65721
  • Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2015). Behavior Rating Inventory of executive function. Second edition (BRIEF-2). PAR Inc.
  • Goldstein, S., Naglieri, J. A., Princiotta, D., & Otero, T. M. (2014). Introduction: A history of executive functioning as a theoretical and clinical construct. In S. Goldstein & J.A. Naglieri (Eds.), Handbook of executive functioning (pp. 3–12). Springer.
  • Greenhill, L. L., Pliszka, S., Dulcan, M. K., Bernet, W., Arnold, V., Beitchman, J., Benson, R. S., Bukstein, O., Kinlan, K., McClellan, J., Rue, D., Shaw, J. A., Stock, S., & Kroeger, K. (2001). Summary of the practice parameter for the use of stimulant medications in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(11), 1352–1355. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200111000-00020
  • Heckhausen, J., Wrosch, C., & Schulz, R. (2010). A motivational theory of lifespan development. Psychological Review, 117(1), 32–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017668
  • Hinshaw, S. P. (2007). Moderators and mediators of treatment outcome for youth with ADHD: Understanding for whom and how interventions work. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 7(1 Suppl), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ambp.2006.04.012
  • Hinshaw, S. P., Nguyen, P. T., O’Grady, S. M., & Rosenthal, E. A. (2022). Annual research review: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in girls and women: Underrepresentation, longitudinal processes, and key directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63(4), 484–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13480
  • In de Braek, D. M. J. M., Dijkstra, J. B., Ponds, R. W., & Jolles, J. (2012). Goal management training in adults with ADHD: An intervention study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(13), 1130–1137. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712468052
  • Jensen, D. A., Halmøy, A., Stubberud, J., Haavik, J., Lundervold, A. J., & Sørensen, L. (2021). An exploratory investigation of goal management training in adults with ADHD: Improvements in inhibition and everyday functioning. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 659480. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659480
  • Jensen, P. S., Arnold, L. E., Swanson, J. M., Vitiello, B., Abikoff, H. B., Greenhill, L. L., Hechtman, L., Hinshaw, S. P., Pelham, W. E., Wells, K. C., Conners, C. K., Elliott, G. R., Epstein, J. N., Hoza, B., March, J. S., Molina, B. S. G., Newcorn, J. H., Severe, J. B., Wigal, T., Gibbons, R. D., & Hur, K. (2007). 3-Year follow-up of the NIMH MTA study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(8), 989–1002. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3180686d48
  • Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Ames, M., Demler, O., Faraone, S., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Jin, R., Secnik, K., Spencer, T., Ustun, T. B., & Walters, E. E. (2005). The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): A short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychological Medicine, 35(2), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002892
  • Kok, F. M., Groen, Y., Fuermaier, A. B., & Tucha, O. (2020). The female side of pharmacotherapy for ADHD—a systematic literature review. PLOS One, 15(9), e0239257. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239257
  • Krasny-Pacini, A., Limond, J., Evans, J., Hiebel, J., Bendjelida, K., & Chevignard, M. (2014). Context-sensitive goal management training for everyday executive dysfunction in children after severe traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29(5), E49–E64. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000015
  • Lee, Y. C., Chen, C. R., & Lin, K. C. (2022). Effects of mindfulness-based interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15198. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215198
  • Levine, B., Schweizer, T. A., O'Connor, C., Turner, G., Gillingham, S., Stuss, D. T., Manly, T., & Robertson, I. H. (2011). Rehabilitation of executive functioning in patients with frontal lobe brain damage with goal management training. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00009
  • Levine, B., Robertson, I. H., Clare, L., Carter, G., Hong, J., Wilson, B. A., Duncan, J., & Stuss, D. T. (2000). Rehabilitation of executive functioning: An experimental-clinical validation of goal management training. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6(3), 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617700633052
  • Lipszyc, J., & Schachar, R. (2010). Inhibitory control and psychopathology: A meta-analysis of studies using the stop signal task. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 16(6), 1064–1076. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617710000895
  • Lovett, B. J., & Nelson, J. M. (2021). Systematic review: Educational accommodations for children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(4), 448–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.891
  • Loyer Carbonneau, M., Demers, M., Bigras, M., & Guay, M. C. (2021). Meta-analysis of sex differences in ADHD symptoms and associated cognitive deficits. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(12), 1640–1656. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054720923736
  • McAuley, T., Crosbie, J., Charach, A., & Schachar, R. (2014). The persistence of cognitive deficits in remitted and unremitted ADHD: A case for the state‐independence of response inhibition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(3), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12160
  • Miyake, A., & Friedman, N. P. (2012). The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions: Four general conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429458
  • Nimmo-Smith, V., Merwood, A., Hank, D., Brandling, J., Greenwood, R., Skinner, L., Law, S., Patel, V., & Rai, D. (2020). Non-pharmacological interventions for adult ADHD: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 50(4), 529–541. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720000069
  • Nordby, E. S., Gilje, S., Jensen, D. A., Sørensen, L., & Stige, S. H. (2021). Goal management training for adults with ADHD – clients’ experiences with a group-based intervention. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03114-4
  • Nunes, L. G., & Seabra, A. G. (2021). Development of a program based on goal management training for adolescents with executive dysfunction complaints. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, E20. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.17
  • O'Connor, C., Robertson, I. H., & Levine, B. (2011). The prosthetics of vigilant attention: Random cuing cuts processing demands. Neuropsychology, 25(4), 535–543. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022767
  • Ontario Psychological Association & Canadian Academy of Psychologists in Disability Assessment. (2020, August 20). Guidelines for best practices in psychological remote assessments. https://www.psych.on.ca/getmedia/8d9c5cf3-e4f1-470b-8a51-3d603dbbc219/OPACAPDA-RemoteTele-Assessment-V9-revised.pdf.
  • Prime, H., Wade, M., May, S. S., Jenkins, J. M., & Browne, D. T. (2021). The COVID-19 family stressor scale: Validation and measurement invariance in female and male caregivers. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 669106. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669106
  • Ramos, A. A., Hamdan, A. C., & Machado, L. (2020). A meta-analysis on verbal working memory in children and adolescents with ADHD. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 34(5), 873–898. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1604998
  • Rubin, R. S. (2002). Will the real SMART goals please stand up? The Industrial Organisational Psychologist, 39(4), 26–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/e576932011-003
  • Sala, G., & Gobet, F. (2020). Working memory training in typically developing children: A multilevel meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 27(3), 423–434. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01681-y
  • Sibley, M. H., Graziano, P. A., Ortiz, M., Rodriguez, L., & Coxe, S. (2019). Academic impairment among high school students with ADHD: The role of motivation and goal-directed executive functions. Journal of School Psychology, 77, 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2019.10.005
  • Sol Sandberg, S., & McAuley, T. (2022). Hospital-based modified Cogmed working memory training for youth With ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26(10), 1283–1292. https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547211066487
  • Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Brandeis, D., Cortese, S., Daley, D., Ferrin, M., Holtmann, M., Stevenson, J., Danckaerts, M., van der Oord, S., Döpfner, M., Dittmann, R. W., Simonoff, E., Zuddas, A., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Coghill, D., Hollis, C., Konofal, E., Lecendreux, M., Wong, I. C. K., & Sergeant, J, European ADHD Guidelines Group. (2013). Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(3), 275–289. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070991
  • Spencer, T., Biederman, J., & Wilens, T. (2000). Pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 9(1), 77–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30136-6
  • Stamenova, V., & Levine, B. (2018). Effectiveness of goal management training in improving executive functions: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 29(10), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2018.1438294
  • Stubberud, J., Holthe, I. L., Løvstad, M., Schanke, A.-K., Brandt, A., & Finnanger, T. (2021). The feasibility and acceptability of goal management training of executive functions in children with spina bifida and acquired brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 31(4), 601–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2020.1723649
  • Stubberud, J., Edvardsen, E., Schanke, A.-K., Lerdal, A., Kjeverud, A., Schillinger, A., & Løvstad, M. (2019). Description of a multifaceted intervention programme for fatigue after acquired brain injury: A pilot study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 29(6), 946–968. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2017.1344132
  • Toplak, M. E., Bucciarelli, S. M., Jain, U., & Tannock, R. (2008). Executive functions: Performance-based measures and the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF) in adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Child Neuropsychology, 15(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/0929704080207092
  • Tornås, S., Løvstad, M., Solbakk, A. K., Schanke, A. K., & Stubberud, J. (2016). Goal management training combined with external cuing as a means to improve emotional regulation, psychological functioning, and quality of life in patients with acquired brain injury: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(11), 1841–1852.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.06.014
  • Turner-Stokes, L. (2009). Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) in rehabilitation: A practical guide. King’s College London.
  • Vogels, E., Gelles-Watnick, R., & Massarat, N. (2022). Teens, social media, and technology. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/.
  • Ward, R. J., Bristow, S. J., Kovshoff, H., Cortese, S., & Kreppner, J. (2022). The effects of ADHD teacher training programs on teachers and pupils: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26(2), 225–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054720972801
  • Wechsler, D. (2014). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – fifth edition (WISC-V). Pearson.
  • Weiss, M., Wasdell, M. B., & Bomben, M. M. (2011). Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale – Self Report (WFIRS-S) and Parent Report (WFIRS-P). University of British Columbia.
  • Williams, A. B., Amico, K. R., Bova, C., & Womack, J. A. (2013). A proposal for quality standards for measuring medication adherence in research. AIDS and Behavior, 17(1), 284–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0172-7

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.