156
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Diaspora academics engagement in Eritrean higher education institutions: Current conditions and future trends

Pages 421-441 | Received 27 May 2019, Accepted 27 Sep 2019, Published online: 19 Oct 2019

References

  • Akokpari, J. K. (2000). Globalisation and migration in Africa. African Sociological Review/Revue Africaine De Sociologie, 4(2), 72–92.
  • Altbach, P. G. (2004). higher education crosses borders: Can the united states remain the top destination for foreign students? Change:The magazine of higher learning, 36(2), 18–25.
  • Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 290–305.
  • Appleton, S., Sives, A., & Morgan, W. J. (2006). The impact of international teacher migration on schooling in developing countries—The case of Southern Africa. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 4(1), 121–142.
  • Arslan, C., Dumont, J., Kone, Z., Moullan, Y., Ozden, C., Parsons, C., & Xenogiani, T. (2014). A new profile of migrants in the aftermath of the recent economic crisis (OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 160). OECD Publishing.
  • Bartell, M. (2003). Internationalization of universities: A university culture-based framework. Higher Education, 45(1), 43–70.
  • Bauman, Z. (1996). Tourists and vagabonds: Heroes and victims of postmodernity. Wien: Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS).
  • BBC. (2001, August 20). Students die in Eritrea detention camp. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1501092.stm
  • Beine, M., Docquier, F., & Oden-Defoort, C. (2011). A panel data analysis of the brain gain. World Development, 39(4), 523–532.
  • Bernal, V. (2004). Eritrea goes global: Reflections on nationalism in a transnational era. Cultural Anthropology, 19(1), 3–25.
  • Bernal, V. (2006). Diaspora, cyberspace and political imagination: The Eritrean diaspora online. Global Networks, 6(2), 161–179.
  • Bhattarai, K. (2011). Brain gain (drain), immigration and global network: Nepalese students in the UK. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 4(4), 345–365.
  • Brǎdǎţan, C., & Kulcsár, L. J. (2014). When the educated leave the East: Romanian and Hungarian skilled immigration to the USA. Int. Migration & Integration, 15, 509–524.
  • Brhane, M. M. (2016). Understanding why Eritreans go to Europe. Forced Migration Review, 51, 34–35.
  • Brown, P., & Lauder, H. (2006). Globalisation, knowledge and the myth of the magnet economy. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 4(1), 25–57.
  • Brubaker, R. (2005). The ‘diaspora’ diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(1), 1–19.
  • Brustein, W. I. (2007). The global campus: Challenges and opportunities for higher education in North America. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 382–391.
  • Butler, K. D. (2001). Defining diaspora, refining a discourse. Diaspora, 10(2), 189–219.
  • Caprile, A. (2008). The Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict. Brussels: European Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/commissions/deve/document_travail/2008/414210/DEVE_DT(2008)414210_EN.pdf
  • Cassarino, J. P. (2004). Theorising return migration: The conceptual approach to return migrants revisited. International Journal on Multicultural Societies ((IJMS), 6(2), 253–279.
  • Choi, S., Khamalah, J. N., Kim, M. H., & Burg, J. E. (2014). Internationalization of a regional campus: Faculty perspectives. International Education, 43(2), 7.
  • De Wit, H. (2002). Internationalization of higher education in the United States of America and Europe: A historical, comparative, and conceptual analysis. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Dewey, P., & Duff, S. (2009). Reason before passion: Faculty views on internationalization in higher education. Higher Education, 58(4), 491–504.
  • Docquier, F. (2006). Brain drain and inequality across nations (Discussion paper no. 2440). Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor.
  • Docquier, F., Lohest, O., & Marfouk, A. (2007). Brain drain in developing countries. World Bank Economic Review, 21(2), 193–218.
  • Docquier, F., & Rapoport, H. (2009). Skilled migration: The perspective of developing countries. In J. Baghwati & G. Hanson (Eds.), Skilled migration: prospects, problems and policies (pp. 247–284). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundatation.
  • Dufoix, S. (2015). The loss and the link: A short history of the long-term word ‘diaspora’. In N. Sigona, A. Gamlen, J. Liberatore, & H. N. Kringelbach (Eds.), Diasporas reimagined spaces, practices and belonging (pp. 8–11). UK: Oxford Diasporas Programme.
  • Freire, P. (2010). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: The continuum International.
  • Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • GSDRC. (2016). Rapid fragility and migration assessment for Eritrea (rapid literature review). Birmingham: Author.
  • Haug, S. (2008). Migration networks and migration decision-making. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 34(4), 585–605.
  • Hechter, M., & Kanazawa, S. (1997). Sociological rational choice theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 23(1), 191–214.
  • Kellner, D. (2002). Theorizing globalization. Sociological Theory, 20(3), 285–305.
  • Kempf, A. (2006). Anti-colonial historiography: Interrogating colonial education. In G. J. S. Dei & A. Kempf (Eds.), Anti-colonialism and education: The politics of resistance (pp. 129–158). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
  • Kezar, A., Bertram Gallant, T., & Lester, J. (2011). Everyday people making a difference on college campuses: The tempered grassroots leadership tactics of faculty and staff. Studies in Higher Education, 36(2), 129–151.
  • Kibreab, G. (2000). Resistance, displacement, and identity: The case of Eritrean refugees in Sudan. Canadian Journal of African Studies/La Revue Canadienne Des Études Africaines, 34(2), 249–296.
  • Kigotho, W. (2001, November 23). Student program in Eritrea turns into forced-labor camp. Retrieved from http://www.chronicle.com/article/Student-Program-in-Eritrea/11001
  • Kim, D., Twombly, S., & Wolf‐Wendel, L. (2012). International faculty in American universities: Experiences of academic life, productivity, and career mobility. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2012(155), 27–46.
  • Kim, D., Wolf-Wendel, L., & Twombly, S. (2011). International faculty: Experiences of academic life and productivity in US universities. The Journal of Higher Education, 82(6), 720–747.
  • Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5–31.
  • Kok, P. (1999). The definition of migration and its application: Making sense of recent South African census and survey data. Southern African Journal of Demography, 7(1), 19–30.
  • Leonida, T. A. (2004). Student selection and retention at the University of Asmara, Eritrea.Doctoral dissertation, Centre for Development Studies, University of Groningen. Retrieved from https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/2975421/thesis.pdf
  • Makakala, A. P. (2015). Migration of highly skilled Tanzanians to the UK and its effect on Brain Circulation. DBA thesis, University of Gloucestershire. Retrieved from http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2868/1/Anna%20P%20Makakala%20DBA%20Thesis%20Redacted%20signature%20only.pdf
  • Makoni, M. (2015, December 12). Eritrea: Strengthening higher education in a time of peace. University World News (Issue No: 164). Retrieved from: http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20151212095823223
  • Mallett, R., & Hagen-Zanker, J. (2018). Forced migration trajectories: An analysis of journey-and decision-making among Eritrean and Syrian arrivals to Europe. Migration and Development, 7(3), 341–351.
  • Milio, S., Lattanzi, R., Casadio, F., Crosta, N., Raviglione, M., Ricci, P., & Scano, F. (2012). Brain drain, brain exchange and brain circulation. The case of Italy viewed from a global perspective. In National interest. Milan: Aspen Institute Italia.
  • Ministry of Education. (2012). Overview of the education. Retrieved from http://www.ecss-online.com/data/pdfs/ecss-OVERVIEW-EDUCATION-eritrea.pdf
  • Müller, T. R. (2008). Bare life and the developmental state: Implications of the militarization of higher education in Eritrea. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 46(1), 111–131.
  • National Board for Higher Education. (2009). Guidelines on faculty load. Asmara: Author.
  • National Commission for Higher Education. (2017). Statistical report of the year 2015/16. Asmara: Eritrea.
  • Newland, K., & Patrick, E. (2004). Beyond remittances: The role of diaspora in poverty reduction in their countries of origin. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
  • Nzima, D., Duma, V., & Moyo, P. (2017). Theorizing migration-development interactions: Towards an integrated approach. Migration and Development, 6(2), 305–318.
  • OECD. (2011). Education at a glance 2011: OECD indicators. Paris: Author.
  • OECD. (2013). Education indicators in focus. Paris: Author.
  • Patterson, S. (2016).Analysis of the current situation in Eritrea: Situation overview, pillars of support and possible outcomes. Retrieved from http://canvasopedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/eritrea-for-WEB-2016.pdf
  • Permanent Court of Arbitration. (2009). Eritrea-Ethiopia boundary commission. Retrieved from http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1150
  • Pitkänen, P., & Takala, T. (2012). Using transnational lenses to analyse interconnections between migration, education and development. Migration and Development, 1(2), 229–243.
  • Reid, R. (2009). The politics of silence: Interpreting stasis in contemporary Eritrea. Review of African Political Economy, 36(120), 209–221.
  • Rena, R. (2007). Higher education in Africa: A case of Eritrea. Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, 21(2), 125–140.
  • Robertson-Smith, G., & Markwick, C. (2009). Employee engagement: A review of current thinking. Brighton: Institute for Employment Studies.
  • Rose Taylor, S. (2016). The role of migrant networks in global migration governance and development. Migration and Development, 5(3), 351–360.
  • Said, H., Ahmad, I., Mustaffa, M. S., & Ghani, F. A. (2015). Role of campus leadership in managing change and challenges of internationalization of higher education. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 82.
  • Sato, Y. (2013). Rational choice theory. Sociopedia.isa, 1–10. Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.net/isa/resources/pdf/RationalChoice2013.pdf
  • Schiff, (2005). Brain Gain: Claims about its size and impact of welfare and growth are greatly exaggerated (Discussion paper no. 1599). Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor.
  • Schroder, G. (2015). Migratory and refugee movements in and from the Horn of Africa. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung.
  • Sinatti, G., & Horst, C. (2015). Migrants as agents of development: Diaspora engagement discourse and practice in Europe. Ethnicities, 15(1), 134–152.
  • Sirkeci, I. (2005). War in Iraq: Environment of insecurity and international migration. International Migration, 43(4), 197–214.
  • Smeby, J. C., & Trondal, J. (2005). Globalisation or Europeanisation? International contact among university staff. Higher Education, 49(4), 449–466.
  • Straubhaar, T. (2000). International mobility of the highly skilled: Brain gain, brain drain or brain exchange (Discussion paper). Hamburg: Hamburg Institute of International Economics.
  • Suárez-Orozco, M. (2001). Globalization, immigration, and education: The research Agenda. Harvard Educational Review, 71(3), 345–366.
  • Temesghen, B. (2016, June 08). A future abundant of intellectuals: Eritrean institutions of higher education. Retrieved from http://www.shabait.com/articles/nation-building/21961-a-future-abundant-of-intellectuals-eritrean-institutions-of-higher-education-
  • Tessema, M. (2010). Causes, challenges and prospects of brain drain: The case of Eritrea. International Migration, 48(3), 131–157.
  • Tessema, M. T., Astani, M., Tesfom, G., & Lakshminarayanan, S. (2012). An assessment of an HRD Project: Lessons Learned. Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 13(2), 87–100.
  • Tessema, M. T., & N’goma, A. M. (2009). Challenges of retaining skilled employees: The case of Eritrean public sector. International Public Management Review, 10(2), 44–65.
  • Torres, C. A. (2002). Globalization, education, and citizenship: Solidarity versus markets? American Educational Research Journal, 39(2), 363–378.
  • Tsegay, S. (2016). ICT for post-2015 education: An analysis of access and inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 5(2), 1–14.
  • Tsegay, S. M. (2016a). The role of higher education in nurturing global citizenship in Eritrea. Spanish Journal of Comparative Education, 28, 183–201.
  • Tsegay, S. M., Zegergish, M. Z., & Ashraf, M. A. (2018). Pedagogical practices and students’ experiences in Eritrean higher education institutions. Higher Education for the Future, 5(1), 89–103.
  • UNESCO. (2012). International Standard Classification of education: ISCED 2011. Montreal, Quebec: Author.
  • UNESCO. (2019). Eritrea: Education system. Retrieved from http://uis.unesco.org/country/ER
  • UNHCR. (2008). UNHCR statistical yearbook 2007. Geneva: Author.
  • UNHCR. (2013). UNHCR statistical yearbook 2012 (12th ed.). Geneva: Author.
  • UNHCR. (2019). Resettlement at a glance (January – December 2018). Geneva: Author.
  • United Nations. (2017) International Migration Report 2017. New York, NY. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf
  • United Nations. (2019). Country profile: Countries and areas. Retrieved from http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx/_Images/Host.aspx?Content=About
  • Van Der Wende, M. (1999). An innovation perspective on internationalation of higher education institutionalisation: The critical phase. Journal of Studies in International Education, 3(1), 3–14.
  • Vinokur, A. (2006). Brain migration revisited. Globalization, Societies and Education, 4(1), 7–24.
  • Weldemichael, S. (2016, November 25). Higher education and nation-building in Eritrea. Retrieved from http://www.shabait.com/categoryblog/22979-higher-education-and-nation-building-in-eritrea-
  • Zembylas, M. (2012). Transnationalism, migration and emotions: Implications for education. Globalization, Societies and Education, 10(2), 163–1794.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.