109
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Managing Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from US Department of Veterans Affairs Home-Based Primary Care Veterans and Caregivers

ORCID Icon, , &

References

  • Aldrich, D. P., & Meyer, M. A. (2015). Social capital and community resilience. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(2), 254–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214550299
  • Atlas.ti (9.0). (2020). Scientific Software Development GmbH. https://atlasti.com/
  • Beales, J. L., & Edes, T. (2009). Veteran’s Affairs home based primary care. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 25(1), 149–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2008.11.002
  • Bergman, A., Song, H., David, G., Spetz, J., & Candon, M. (2022). The role of schedule volatility in home health nursing turnover. Medical Care Research and Review, 79(3), 382–393. 107755872110343. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775587211034310
  • Beridze, G., Ayala, A., Ribeiro, O., Fernández-Mayoralas, G., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, V., Rojo-Pérez, F., Forjaz, M. J., & Calderón-Larrañaga, A. (2020). Are loneliness and social isolation associated with quality of life in older adults? Insights from Northern and Southern Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228637
  • Cacioppo, S., Grippo, a J., London, S., Goossens, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2015). Loneliness: Clinical import and interventions. Perspectives on Psychological Science : A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 10(2), 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615570616
  • Chee, S. Y. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: The lived experiences of older adults in aged care homes. Millennial Asia, 11(3), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/0976399620958326
  • Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2013). Teaching thematic analysis: Over- coming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. The Psychologist, 26(2), 120–123. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Coe, N. B., & Werner, R. M. (2022). Informal caregivers provide considerable front-line support in residential care facilities and nursing homes. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 41(1), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01239
  • Cohen, G., Russo, M. J., Campos, J. A., & Allegri, R. F. (2020). Living with dementia: Increased level of caregiver stress in times of COVID-19. International Psychogeriatrics, 32(11), 1377–1381. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610220001593
  • Coyle, C. E., & Dugan, E. (2012). Social isolation, loneliness and health among older adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 24(8), 1346–1363. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264312460275
  • Cutrona, C. E., & Suhr, J. A. (1992). Controllability of stressful events and satisfaction with spouse support behaviors. Communication Research, 19(2), 154–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365092019002002
  • Donovan, N. J., Wu, Q., Rentz, D. M., Sperling, R. A., Marshall, G. A., & Glymour, M. M. (2017). Loneliness, depression and cognitive function in older U.S. adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(5), 564–573. doi:10. 1002/gps.4495
  • Dosa, D., Jump, R. L. P., LaPlante, K., & Gravenstein, S. (2020). Long-term care facilities and the coronavirus epidemic: Practical guidelines for a population at highest risk. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 21(5), 569–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.004
  • Esme, M., Koca, M., Dikmeer, A., Balci, C., Ata, N., Dogu, B. B., Cankurtaran, M., Yilmaz, M., Celik, O., Unal, G. G., Ulgu, M. M., & Birinci, S. (2021). Older adults with coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide study in Turkey. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 76(3), e68–e75. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa219
  • Franzosa, E., Gorbenko, K., Brody, A. A., Leff, B., Ritchie, C. S., Kinosian, B., Ornstein, K. A., & Federman, A. D. (2021). “At home, with care”: Lessons from New York City home-based primary care practices managing COVID-19. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(2), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16952
  • Franzosa, E., Gorbenko, K., Brody, A. A., Leff, B., Ritchie, C. S., Kinosian, B., Sheehan, O. C., Federman, A. D., & Ornstein, K. A. (2021). “There is something very personal about seeing someone’s face”: Provider perceptions of video visits in home-based primary care during COVID-19. Journal of Applied Gerontology : The Official Journal of the Southern Gerontological Society, 40(11), 1417–1424. https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648211028393
  • Gaeta, L., & Brydges, C. R. (2021). Coronavirus-related anxiety, social isolation, and loneliness in older adults in Northern California during the stay-at-home order. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 33(4–5), 320–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2020.1824541
  • Giebel, C., Hassan, S., Harvey, G., Devitt, C., Harper, L., & Simmill-Binning, C. (2022). Enabling middle-aged and older adults accessing community services to reduce social isolation: Community Connectors. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(2) https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13228
  • Gillespie, S., Temkin-Greener, H., Szydlowski, J., Intrator, O., Olsan, T., Karuza, J., Cai, X., Gao, S., & Gillespie, S. (2018). Measuring team effectiveness in the veterans health administration’s home-based primary care program. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 19(3), B27–B28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.12.084
  • Gorbenko, K., Franzosa, E., Masse, S., Brody, A. A., Sheehan, O., Kinosian, B., Ritchie, C. S., Leff, B., Ripp, J., Ornstein, K. A., & Federman, A. D. (2021). “I felt useless”: A qualitative examination of COVID-19’s impact on home-based primary care providers in New York. Home Health Care Services Quarterly, 40(2), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621424.2021.1935383
  • Grabowski, D. C., & Mor, V. (2020). Nursing home care in crisis in the wake of COVID-19. JAMA, 324(1), 23–24. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.8524
  • Haverhals, L. M., Manheim, C., Gilman, C., Karuza, J., Olsan, T., Edwards, S. T., Levy, C. R., & Gillespie, S. M. (2019). Dedicated to the mission: Strategies US department of veterans affairs home-based primary care teams apply to keep veterans at home. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(12), 2511–2518. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16171
  • Ho, K. H. M., Mak, A. K. P., Chung, R. W. M., Leung, D. Y. L., Chiang, V. C. L., & Cheung, D. S. K. (2022). Implications of COVID-19 on the loneliness of older adults in residential care homes. Qualitative Health Research, 32(2), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323211050910
  • Home Health Care and Residential Nursing Care Services Market Grows With Increased Demand For Community Stay For The Aged|Disabled. (2021). Egal monitor worldwide. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A657623311/ITOF?u=auraria_main&sid=summon&xid=b95d0176
  • Hu, C., Chung, P.-K., Zhang, C.-Q., Gan, Y., & Hu, R. (2020). Understanding of resilience of older adults in Hong Kong: A qualitative investigation. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 6, 2333721420966904. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721420966904
  • Hughes, S. L., Weaver, F. M., Giobbie-Hurder, A., Manheim, L., Henderson, W., Kubal, J. D., Ulasevich, A., & Cummings, J. (2000). Effectiveness of team-managed Home-Based Primary Care: A randomized multicenter trial. JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(22), 2877–2885. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.22.2877
  • Ikram, U., Gallani, S., Figueroa, J. F., & Feeley, T. W. (2020). Protecting vulnerable older patients during the pandemic. NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1056/CAT.20.0404
  • Jiménez, F. N., Brazier, J. F., Davoodi, N. M., Florence, L. C., Thomas, K. S., & Gadbois, E. A. (2021). A technology training program to alleviate social isolation and loneliness among homebound older adults: A community case study. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 750609. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.750609
  • Krendl, A. C., & Perry, B. L. (2021). The impact of sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults’ social and mental well-being. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(2), e53–e58. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa110
  • Miller, E. A. (2021). Shining a spotlight: The ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic for older adults. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 33(4–5), 305–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2021.1973343
  • Miller, E., & Brockie, L. (2015). The disaster flood experience: Older people’s poetic voices of resilience. Journal of Aging Studies, 34, 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2015.05.003
  • Murphy, E., Doyle, M., McHugh, S., & Mello, S. (2022). The lived experience of older adults transferring between long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(1), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20211206-04
  • Nash, W. A., Harris, L. M., Heller, K. E., & Mitchell, B. D. (2021). “We are saving their bodies and destroying their souls.”: Family caregivers’ experiences of formal care setting visitation restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 33(4-5), 398–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2021.1962164
  • Newall, N. E. G., & Menec, V. H. (2019). Loneliness and social isolation of older adults: Why it is important to examine these social aspects together. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(3), 925–939. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517749045
  • Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 160940691773384. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
  • O’Shea, B. Q., Finlay, J. M., Kler, J., Joseph, C. A., & Kobayashi, L. C. (2021). Loneliness among US adults aged ≥55 early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974), 136(6), 754–764. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549211029965
  • O’Sullivan, R., Burns, A., Leavey, G., Leroi, I., Burholt, V., Lubben, J., Holt-Lunstad, J., Victor, C., Lawlor, B., Vilar-Compte, M., Perissinotto, C. M., Tully, M. A., Sullivan, M. P., Rosato, M., Power, J. M., Tiilikainen, E., & Prohaska, T. R. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness and social isolation: A multi-country study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 9982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199982
  • Osakwe, Z. T., Osborne, J. C., Samuel, T., Bianco, G., Céspedes, A., Odlum, M., & Stefancic, A. (2021). All alone: A qualitative study of home health aides’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(11), 1362–1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.08.004
  • Ouslander, J. G., & Grabowski, D. C. (2020). COVID-19 in nursing homes: Calming the perfect storm. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(10), 2153–2162. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16784
  • Pendergrast, C. (2021). “There was no ‘that’s not my job’”: New York area agencies on aging approaches to supporting older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Applied Gerontology : The Official Journal of the Southern Gerontological Society, 40(11), 1425–1436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464821991026
  • Radwan, E., Radwan, A., & Radwan, W. (2020). Challenges facing older adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 5(1), em0059. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/8457
  • Rokstad, A. M. M., Røsvik, J., Fossberg, M., & Eriksen, S. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic as experienced by the spouses of home-dwelling people with dementia – a qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02551-w
  • National Academies of Sciences Engineering Medicine. (2020). Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: Opportunities for the health care system. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25663
  • SteelFisher, G. K., Epstein, A. M., Grabowski, D. C., Joynt Maddox, K. E., Orav, E. J., & Barnett, M. L. (2021). Persistent challenges of COVID-19 in skilled nursing facilities: The administrator perspective. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(4), 875–878. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17062
  • Steinman, M. A., Perry, L., & Perissinotto, C. M. (2020). Meeting the care needs of older adults isolated at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(6), 819–820. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1661
  • Su, Y., Rao, W., Li, M., Caron, G., D’Arcy, C., & Meng, X. (2023). Prevalence of loneliness and social isolation among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Psychogeriatrics, 35(5), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610222000199
  • Taylor, H. O. (2020). Social isolation’s influence on loneliness among older adults. Clinical Social Work Journal, 48(1), 140–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-019-00737-9
  • Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., Ronzi, S., & Hanratty, B. (2016). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 102(13), 1009–1016. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308790
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Advocacy brief: Social isolation and loneliness among older people. Decade of Healthy Ageing, 1–20. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030749
  • Wyte-Lake, T., Claver, M., Der-Martirosian, C., Davis, D., & Dobalian, A. (2017). Developing a home-based primary care disaster preparedness toolkit. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 11(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.145
  • Wyte-Lake, T., Manheim, C., Gillespie, S. M., Dobalian, A., & Haverhals, L. M. (2022). COVID-19 vaccination in VA home based primary care: Experience of interdisciplinary team members. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2022.03.014
  • Xie, B., Shiroma, K., De Main, A. S., Davis, N. W., Fingerman, K., & Danesh, V. (2021). Living through the COVID-19 pandemic: Community-dwelling older adults’ experiences. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 33(4–5), 380–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2021.1962174

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.