1,049
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The effect of habit on preventive behaviors: a two-wave longitudinal study to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviors

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 480-497 | Received 27 Dec 2021, Accepted 04 May 2022, Published online: 18 May 2022

Reference

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived Behavioral Control, Self-Efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned Behavior1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
  • Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. Psychology & Health, 26(9), 1113–1127. doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.613995
  • Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (1999). The theory of planned behaviour: Assessment of predictive validity and ‘perceived control. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38(1), 35–54. doi:10.1348/014466699164022
  • Aschwanden, D., Strickhouser, J. E., Sesker, A. A., Lee, J. H., Luchetti, M., Terracciano, A., & Sutin, A. R. (2021). Preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations With Perceived Behavioral control, attitudes, and subjective norm. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 662835–662835. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.662835
  • Ayre, J., Cvejic, E., McCaffery, K., Copp, T., Cornell, S., Dodd, R. H., … Bonner, C. (2021). Contextualising COVID-19 prevention behaviour over time in Australia: Patterns and long-term predictors from April to July 2020 in an online social media sample. PLoS ONE, 16(6), e0253930. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253930
  • Bamberg, S., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2003). Choice of travel mode in the theory of planned behavior: The roles of past behavior, habit, and Reasoned action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25(3), 175–187. doi:10.1207/S15324834BASP2503_01
  • BBC. (2020). Coronavirus: Hundreds gather in Madrid for anti-mask protest. Retrieved 8/16 from https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-53802226
  • BBC. (2021). Covid-19 rules: How six countries fared after easing Covid rules. Retrieved 9/9 from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57796133
  • Bürkner, P.-C. (2017). Brms: An R package for Bayesian multilevel Models using stan [Bayesian inference; multilevel model; ordinal data; MCMC; stan; R]. Journal of Statistical Software, 80(1), 28. doi:10.18637/jss.v080.i01
  • CDC. (2021). When You’ve Been Fully Vaccinated. Retrieved 9/9 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated.html
  • Chang, K. C., Hou, W. L., Pakpour, A. H., Lin, C. Y., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Psychometric Testing of Three COVID-19-related scales Among people with mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(1), 324–336. doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00361-6
  • Chung, G. K.-K., Strong, C., Chan, Y.-H., Chung, R. Y.-N., Chen, J.-S., Lin, Y.-H., … Ko, N.-Y. (2022). Psychological distress and Protective Behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic Among different populations: Hong Kong General population, Taiwan healthcare workers, and Taiwan outpatients [Original research]. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.800962
  • Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6), 1015–1026. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015
  • CNN. (2021). Los Angeles County to reinstate mask mandate amid rise in Covid-19 cases and hospitalizations. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/16/us/los-angeles-county-mask-mandate/index.html
  • CNN. (2022). Covid-19 cases continue to rise in China's worst outbreak since Wuhan. Retrieved 3/3 from https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/14/china/china-covid-outbreak-monday-intl-hnk/index.html
  • Danner, U. N., Aarts, H., & de Vries, N. K. (2007). Habit formation and multiple means to goal attainment: Repeated retrieval of target means causes inhibited access to competitors. Personality Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(10), 1367–1379. doi:10.1177/0146167207303948
  • Dohnke, B., Steinhilber, A., & Fuchs, T. (2015). Adolescents’ eating behaviour in general and in the peer context: Testing the prototype-willingness model. Psychology & Health, 30(4), 381–399. doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.974604
  • Gardner, B. (2015). A review and analysis of the use of ‘habit’ in understanding, predicting and influencing health-related behaviour. Health Psychology Review, 9(3), 277–295. doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.876238
  • Gardner, B., Lally, P., & Rebar, A. L. (2020). Does habit weaken the relationship between intention and behaviour? Revisiting the habit-intention interaction hypothesis. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14(8), e12553. doi:10.1111/spc3.12553
  • Gardner, B., & Rebar, A. L. (2019). Habit formation and behavior change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gardner, B., Rebar, A. L., & Lally, P. (2019). A matter of habit: Recognizing the multiple roles of habit in health behaviour. British Journal of Health Psychology, 24(2), 241–249. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12369
  • Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Houlihan, A. E., Stock, M. L., & Pomery, E. A. (2008). A dual-process approach to health risk decision making: The prototype willingness model. Developmental Review, 28(1), 29–61. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.10.001
  • Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Vande Lune, L. S., Pexa, N. A., & Gano, M. L. (2002). Adolescents’ substance-related risk perceptions: Antecedents, mediators and consequences. Risk, Decision and Policy, 7(2), 175–191. doi:10.1017/S1357530902000637
  • Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Blanton, H., & Russell, D. W. (1998). Reasoned action and social reaction: Willingness and intention as independent predictors of health risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1164–1180. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1164
  • Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Reimer, R. A., & Pomery, E. A. (2006). Unintentional behavior: A subrational approach to health risk. In D. T. D. de Ridder & J. B. F. de Wit (Eds.), Self-regulation in health behavior (pp. 45–70). West Sussex: Wiley.
  • Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Vande Lune, L. S., Wills, T. A., Brody, G., & Conger, R. D. (2004). Context and cognitions: Environmental risk, social influence, and adolescent substance use. Personality Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(8), 1048–1061. doi:10.1177/0146167204264788
  • Hagger, M. S., Smith, S. R., Keech, J. J., Moyers, S. A., & Hamilton, K. (2020). Predicting social distancing intention and Behavior During the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrated social cognition model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 54(10), 713–727. doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa073
  • Hamilton, K., Smith, S. R., Keech, J. J., Moyers, S. A., & Hagger, M. S. (2020). Application of the health action process approach to social distancing Behavior During COVID-19. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12(4), 1244–1269. doi:10.1111/aphw.12231
  • Japantimes. (2021). Tokyo enters fourth COVID-19 state of emergency as Olympics loom. Retrieved 9/9 from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/07/12/national/fourth-coronavirus-emergency-tokyo/
  • Kruschke, J. K. (2014). Doing Bayesian data analysis: A tutorial with R, JAGS, and stan. New York: Academic Press.
  • Lau, J. T. F., Griffiths, S., Choi, K.-C., & Lin, C. (2010). Prevalence of preventive behaviors and associated factors during early phase of the H1N1 influenza epidemic. American Journal of Infection Control, 38(5), 374–380. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2010.03.002
  • Lin, C.-Y., Imani, V., Majd, N. R., Ghasemi, Z., Griffiths, M. D., Hamilton, K., … Pakpour, A. H. (2020). Using an integrated social cognition model to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviours. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 981–1005. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12465
  • Maltagliati, S., Rebar, A., Fessler, L., Forestier, C., Sarrazin, P., Chalabaev, A., … Cheval, B. (2021). Evolution of physical activity habits after a context change: The case of COVID-19 lockdown. British Journal of Health Psychology, n/a(n/a), doi:10.1111/bjhp.12524
  • Ministry of Health, L. a. W. (2020). Example of practicing “New Lifestyle”. Retrieved 4/28 from https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000121431_newlifestyle.html
  • Nakayachi, K., Ozaki, T., Shibata, Y., & Yokoi, R. (2020). Why Do Japanese people Use masks against COVID-19, even though masks Are unlikely to offer protection from infection? [brief research report]. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(1918), doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01918
  • Nosek, B. A., Graham, J., Lindner, N. M., Kesebir, S., Hawkins, C. B., Hahn, C., … Tenney, E. R. (2010). Cumulative and career-stage citation impact of social-Personality Psychology programs and their members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(10), 1283–1300. doi:10.1177/0146167210378111
  • Ohtomo, S. (2013). Effects of habit on intentional and reactive motivations for unhealthy eating. Appetite, 68(1), 69–75. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.014
  • Ohtomo, S. (2017). Exposure to diet priming images as cues to reduce the influence of unhealthy eating habits. Appetite, 109, 83–92. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.022
  • Ohtomo, S., & Hirose, Y. (2007). The dual-process of reactive and intentional decision-making involved in eco-friendly behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(2), 117–125. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.01.005
  • Ohtomo, S., & Hirose, Y. (2014). Consumer’s psychological processes of hoarding and avoidant purchasing after the Tohoku earthquake. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 84(6), 557–565. doi:10.4992/jjpsy.84.557
  • Ohtomo, S., Hirose, Y., & Midden, C. J. H. (2010). Cultural differences of a dual-motivation model on health risk behaviour. Journal of Risk Research, 14(1), 85–96. doi:10.1080/13669877.2010.503936
  • Ohtomo, S., & Ohnuma, S. (2014). Psychological interventional approach for reduce resource consumption: Reducing plastic bag usage at supermarkets. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 84(0), 57–65. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.12.014
  • Orbell, S., & Verplanken, B. (2010). The automatic component of habit in health behavior: Habit as cue-contingent automaticity. Health Psychology, 29(4), 374–383. doi:10.1037/a0019596
  • Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 124(1), 54–74. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.54
  • Ozaki, T., & Nakayachi, K. (2020). When descriptive norms backfire: Attitudes induce undesirable consequences during disaster preparation. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 20(1), 90–117. doi:10.1111/asap.12195
  • Pakpour, A. H., Liu, C.-H., Hou, W.-L., Chen, Y.-P., Li, Y.-P., Kuo, Y.-J., … Scarf, D. (2021). Comparing fear of COVID-19 and preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors between Iranian and Taiwanese older people: Early reaction May Be a Key [Original research]. Frontiers in Public Health, 9), doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.740333
  • R Core Team. (2016). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing https://www.R-project.org/
  • Savadori, L., & Lauriola, M. (2021). Risk Perception and Protective Behaviors during the rise of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy [Original research]. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(3822), doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577331
  • Scholz, U., & Freund, A. M. (2021). Determinants of protective behaviours during a nationwide lockdown in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology, doi:10.1111/bjhp.12513
  • Sheeran, P. (2002). Intention—behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology, 12(1), 1–36. doi:10.1080/14792772143000003
  • Sheeran, P., & Abraham, C. (2003). Mediator of moderators: Temporal stability of intention and the intention-behavior relation. Personality Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(2), 205–215. doi:10.1177/0146167202239046
  • Sheeran, P., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Bargh, J. A. (2013). Nonconscious processes and health. Health Psychology, 32(5), 460–473. doi:10.1037/a0029203
  • Slovic, P. (1999). Trust, emotion, sex, politics, and science: Surveying the risk-assessment battlefield. Risk Analysis, 19(4), 689–701. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00439.x
  • Thoma, V., Weiss-Cohen, L., Filkuková, P., & Ayton, P. (2021). Cognitive predictors of precautionary behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic [Original research]. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.589800
  • Thornton, B., Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (2002). Risk Perception and prototype Perception: Independent processes predicting risk behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(7), 986–999. doi:10.1177/014616720202800711
  • Todd, J., Kothe, E., Mullan, B., & Monds, L. (2016). Reasoned versus reactive prediction of behaviour: A meta-analysis of the prototype willingness model. Health Psychology Review, 10(1), 1–24. doi:10.1080/17437199.2014.922895
  • Verplanken, B. (2006). Beyond frequency: Habit as mental construct. British Journal of Health Psychology, 45(Pt 3), 639–656. doi:10.1348/014466605X49122
  • Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2003). Reflections on past behavior: A self-report index of habit Strength1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(6), 1313–1330. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x
  • Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. (2006). Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 132(2), 249–268. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.249
  • WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Retrieved 4/28 from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses
  • WHO. (2021a). Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern. Retrieved 3/30 from https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern
  • WHO. (2021b, 14 July 2021). COVID-19 advice for the public: Getting vaccinated. Retrieved 9/9 from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice
  • WHO. (2021c). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Retrieved 9/9 from https://covid19.who.int/
  • Xie, W., Campbell, S., & Zhang, W. (2020). Working memory capacity predicts individual differences in social-distancing compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(30), 17667–17674. doi:10.1073/pnas.2008868117
  • Zimmermann, F., & Sieverding, M. (2010). Young adults’ social drinking as explained by an augmented theory of planned behaviour: The roles of prototypes, willingness, and gender. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15(3), 561–581. doi:10.1348/135910709X476558