Psychometric properties of the Global Psychotrauma Screen in the United States

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5-TR (5th ed., text revision.). American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
   Google Scholar
• Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsboom, D., Deserno, M. K., Rhemtulla, M., Epskamp, S., Fried, E. I., McNally, R. J., Robinaugh, D. J., Perugini, M., Dalege, J., Costantini, G., Isvoranu, A. M., Wysocki, A. C., van Borkulo, C. D., van Bork, R., & Waldorp, L. J. (2021). Network analysis of multivariate data in psychological science. Nature: Reviews, Methods, Primers, 1(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-021-00055-w
   Google Scholar
• Bovin, M. J., Marx, B. P., Weathers, F. W., Gallagher, M. W., Rodriguez, P., Schnurr, P. P., & Keane, T. M. (2016). Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL5) in veterans. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1379–1391. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinoy, E. D., Carey, F. R., Kolaja, C. A., Jacobson, I. G., Cooper, A. D., & Markwald, R. R. (2022). The bi-directional relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and obstructive sleep apnea and/or insomnia in a large U.S. military cohort. Sleep Health, 8(6), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2022.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloitre, M., Hyland, P., Bisson, J. I., Brewin, C. R., Roberts, N. P., Karatzias, T., & Shevlin, M. (2019). ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: A population-based study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 32(6), 833–842. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloitre, M., Hyland, P., Prins, A., & Shevlin, M. (2021). The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) measures reliable and clinically significant treatment-related change in PTSD and complex PTSD. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1930961. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1930961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloitre, M., Shevlin, M., Brewin, C. R., Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Maercker, A., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2018). The international trauma questionnaire: Development of a self-report measure of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 138(6), 536–546. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalgleish, T., Black, M., Johnston, D., & Bevan, A. (2020). Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: Current status and future directions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88(3), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fissette, C. L., Snyder, D. K., Balderrama-Durbin, C., Balsis, S., Cigrang, J., Talcott, G. W., Tatum, J., Baker, M., Cassidy, D., Sonnek, S., Heyman, R. E., & Smith Slep, A. M. (2014). Assessing posttraumatic stress in military service members: Improving efficiency and accuracy. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Zhong, J., Powers, M. B., Kauffman, B. Y., Rauch, S., Porter, K., & Knowles, K. (2016). Psychometric properties of the posttraumatic diagnostic scale for DSM-5 (PDS-5). Psychological Assessment, 28(10), 1166–1171. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frewen, P., McPhail, I., Schnyder, U., Oe, M., & Olff, M. (2021). Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS): psychometric properties in two internet-based studies. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1881725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress. (2023). Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS). https://www.global-psychotrauma.net/gps
   Google Scholar
• Grasso, D. J., Ford, J. D., & Greene, C. A. (2019). Preliminary psychometrics of the Structured Trauma-Related Experiences and Symptoms Screener for Adults (STRESS-A) in an urban prenatal healthcare clinic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(8), 927–935. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper, A., Power, M., Orley, J., Herrman, H., Schofield, H., Murphy, B., Metelko, Z., Szabo, S., Pibernik-Okanovic, M., Quemada, N., Caria, A., Rajkumar, S., Kumar, S., Saxena, S., Chandiramani, K., Amir, M., Bar-On, D., Tazaki, M., Noji, A., … Sartorius, N. (1998). Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291798006667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hien, D. A., López-Castro, T., Fitzpatrick, S., Ruglass, L. M., Fertuck, E. A., & Melara, R. (2021). A unifying translational framework to advance treatment research for comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 127, 779–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humeniuk, R. E., Henry-Edwards, S., Ali, R. L., Poznyak, V., & Monteiro, M. (2010). The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): manual for use in primary care. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-alcohol-smoking-and-substance-involvement-screening-test-(assist)
   Google Scholar
• Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., Brewin, C. R., Cloitre, M., Downes, A. J., Jumbe, S., & Roberts, N. P. (2017). Factorial and discriminant validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD using the new international trauma questionnaire. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 136(3), 231–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBM Corp. (Released 2019). Ibm SPSS statistics for windows, version 26.0.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Bromet, E. J., Cardoso, G., Degenhardt, L., de Girolamo, G., Dinolova, R. V., Ferry, F., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Haro, J. M., Huang, Y., Karam, E. G., Kawakami, N., Lee, S., Lepine, J. P., Levinson, D., … Koenen, K. C. (2017). Trauma and PTSD in the WHO world mental health surveys. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(sup5), 1353383. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1353383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriazos, T. (2018). Applied psychometrics: Sample size and sample power considerations in factor analysis (EFA, CFA) and SEM in general. Psychology (Savannah, Ga ), 9(08|8), 2207–2230. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.98126
   Google Scholar
• López-Lazcano, A. I., López-Pelayo, H., Balcells-Oliveró, M., Segura, L., & Gual Solé, A. (2022). Validation of the alcohol smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) in acute psychiatric inpatients. Addictions, 34(4), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1496
   Google Scholar
• Marengo, D., Hoeboer, C. M., Veldkamp, B. P., GPS-txt consortium, & Olff, M. (2022). Text mining to improve screening for trauma-related symptoms in a global sample. Psychiatry Research, 316, 114753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson, A. A., Friston, K. J., Zeidman, P., Harricharan, S., McKinnon, M. C., Densmore, M., Neufeld, R. W. J., Théberge, J., Corrigan, F., Jetly, R., Spiegel, D., & Lanius, R. A. (2017). Dynamic causal modeling in PTSD and its dissociative subtype: Bottom-up versus top-down processing within fear and emotion regulation circuitry. Human Brain Mapping, 38(11), 5551–5561. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oe, M., Kobayashi, Y., Ishida, T., Chiba, H., Matsuoka, M., Kakuma, T., … Olff, M. (2020). Screening for psychotrauma related symptoms: Japanese translation and pilot testing of the Global Psychotrauma Screen. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1810893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olff, M., Bakker, A., Frewen, P., Aakvaag, H., Ajdukovic, D., Brewer, D., Elmore Borbon, D. L., Cloitre, M., Hyland, P., Kassam-Adams, N., & Knefel, M. (2020). Screening for consequences of trauma – An update on the global collaboration on traumatic stress. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1752504. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1752504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olff, M., Bakker, A., & Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress. (2023). Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS). https://www.global-psychotrauma.net/gps
   Google Scholar
• Olff, M., Primasari, I., Qing, Y., Coimbra, B. M., Hovnanyan, A., Grace, E., Williamson, R., Hoeboer, C. M. & the GPS-CCC Consortium. (2021). Mental health responses to COVID-19 around the world. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1929754. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1929754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., Nordhus, I., Sivertsen, B., Hjørnevik, M., & Morin, C. (2008). A new scale for measuring insomnia: The Bergen Insomnia Scale. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 107(3), 691–706. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.107.3.691-706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pituch, K., & Stevens, J. (2016). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Price, M., Legrand, A. C., Brier, Z. M. F., & Hébert-Dufresne, L. (2019). The symptoms at the center: Examining the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression with network analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 109, 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primasari, I., Hoeboer, C., Bakker, A., & Olff, M. (2021). Validation study of Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) for assessing trauma related symptoms in Indonesian undergraduate students [Preregistration Report]. https://osf.io/na3zf/
   Google Scholar
• Prins, A., Bovin, M. J., Kimerling, R., Kaloupek, D. G., Marx, B. P., Pless Kaiser, A., & Schnurr, P. P. (2015). Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) [Measurement instrument]. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/assessment/screens/pc-ptsd.asp
   Google Scholar
• Quade, D. (1967). Rank analysis of covariance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 62(320), 1187–1200. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1967.10500925
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, R., Socci, V., Talevi, D., Cinzia Niolu, C., Pacitti, F., Di Marco, A., … Olff, M. (2021). Trauma-spectrum symptoms among the Italian general population in the time of the COVID-19 outbreak. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1855888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salimi, Y., Hoeboer, C., Motevalli Haghi, S. A., Williamson, R. E., Rahimi, M. D., Rajabi-Gilan, N., Almasi, A., & Olff, M. (2023). Trauma and its consequences in Iran: Cross-cultural adaption and validation of the Global Psychotrauma Screen in a representative sample. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04564-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StataCorp. (2021). Stata statistical software: Release 17.
   Google Scholar
• Torsvik, N., Bjorvatn, B., Eliassen, K. E., & Forthun, I. (2023). Prevalence of insomnia and hypnotic use in Norwegian patients visiting their general practitioner. Family Practice, 40(2), 352–359. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmac103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Census Bureau. (2020). American community survey demographic and housing estimates. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q = United%20States&tid = ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview = false
   Google Scholar
• van der Meer, C. A. I., te Brake, H., van der Aa, N., Dashtgard, P., Bakker, A., & Olff, M. (2018). Assessing psychological resilience: Development and psychometric properties of the English and Dutch version of the Resilience Evaluation Scale (RES). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9(169), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00169
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weathers, F. W., Blake, D. D., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., Marx, B. P., & Keane, T. M. (2013b). The life events checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). National Center for PTSD. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191104269954
   Google Scholar
• Weathers, F. W., Bovin, M. J., Lee, D. J., Sloan, D. M., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., Keane, T. M., & Marx, B. P. (2018). The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation in military veterans. Psychological Assessment, 30(3), 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013a). The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). National Center for PTSD. https://doi.org/10.1037/t02622-000
   Google Scholar
• Williamson, R., Hoeboer, C. M., Primasari, I., Qing, Y., Coimbra, B. M., Hovnanyan, A., Grace, E., & Olff, M. (2021). Symptom networks of COVID-19-related versus other potentially traumatic events in a global sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 84, 102476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2018). International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th Revision). https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f334423054
   Google Scholar
• Wortmann, J. H., Jordan, A. H., Weathers, F. W., Resick, P. A., Dondanville, K. A., Hall-Clark, B., Foa, E. B., YoungMcCaughan, S., Yarvis, J. S., Hembree, E. A., Mintz, J., Peterson, A., & Litz, B. T. (2016). Psychometric analysis of the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) among treatment-seeking military service members. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1392–1403. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar