564
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Does vaccination elicit risk compensation? Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic in France

, , , &
Article: 2287663 | Received 14 Oct 2022, Accepted 15 Nov 2023, Published online: 30 Nov 2023

References

  • Alleaume, C., Verger, P., Dib, F., Ward, J. K., Launay, O., & Peretti-Watel, P. (2021). Intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 among the general population in France: Associated factors and gender disparities. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 17(10), 3421–3432. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1893069
  • Aranguren, M. (2022). Face mask use conditionally decreases compliance with physical distancing rules against COVID-19: Gender differences in risk compensation pattern. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 56(4), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab072
  • Blanken, T. F., Tanis, C. C., Nauta, F. H., Dablander, F., Zijlstra, B. J., Bouten, R. R., Oostvogel, Q. H., Boersma, M. J., van der Steenhoven, M. V., van Harreveld, F., & de Wit, S. (2021). Promoting physical distancing during COVID-19: A systematic approach to compare behavioral interventions. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98964-z
  • Boisselier, A. (2021, March 9). COVID-19. ‘Les livraisons de vaccins revues à la baisse en France. Ouest France. https://www.ouest-france.fr/sante/vaccin/covid-19-les-livraisons-de-vaccins-revues-a-la-baisse-en-france-7180683 [accessed 20 March 2023]
  • Bottemanne, H., & Friston, K. J. (2021). An active inference account of protective behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 21(6), 1117–1129. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-021-00947-0
  • Brewer, N. T., Cuite, C. L., Herrington, J. E., & Weinstein, N. D. (2007). Risk compensation and vaccination: Can getting vaccinated cause people to engage in risky behaviors? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 34(1), 95–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02879925
  • Brewer, N. T., Weinstein, N. D., Cuite, C. L., & Herrington, J. E. (2004). Risk perceptions and their relation to risk behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 27, 125–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm2702_7
  • Buckell, J., Jones, J., Matthews, P. C., Diamond, I., Rourke, E., Studley, R., Cook, D., Walker, A. S., & Pouwels, K. B. (2021). COVID-19 vaccination, risk-compensatory behaviours, and social contacts in four countries in the UK. medRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.15.21266255
  • Cartaud, A., Quesque, F., & Coello, Y. (2020). Wearing a face mask against COVID-19 results in a reduction of social distancing. PLoS One, 15(12), e0243023. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243023
  • Cassell, M. M., Halperin, D. T., Shelton, J. D., & Stanton, D. (2006). Risk compensation: The Achilles’ heel of innovations in HIV prevention? Bmj, 332(7541), 605–607. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7541.605
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Vaccines and immunizations: Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine [online], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/janssen/index.html [Accessed 27 March 2023]
  • Covid, C. D. C., Team, V. B. C. I., Birhane, M., Bressler, S., Chang, G., Clark, T., Dorough, L., Fischer, M., Watkins, L. F., Goldstein, J. M., & Kugeler, K. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections reported to CDC – United States, January 1–April 30, 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(21), 792. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7021e3
  • Crane, M. A., Shermock, K. M., Omer, S. B., & Romley, J. A. (2021). Change in reported adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic, April-November 2020. Jama, 325(9), 883–885. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.0286
  • Desrichard, O., Moussaoui, L., & Ofosu, N. (2022). Reduction of precautionary behaviour following vaccination against COVID-19: A test on a British cohort. Vaccines, 10(6), 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060936
  • Eaton, L. A., & Kalichman, S. C. (2007). Risk compensation in HIV prevention: Implications for vaccines, microbicides, and other biomedical HIV prevention technologies. Current HIV/Aids Reports, 4(4), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-007-0024-7
  • Esmaeilikia, M., Radun, I., Grzebieta, R., & Olivier, J. (2019). Bicycle helmets and risky behaviour: A systematic review. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 60, 299–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.10.026
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2020). Using face masks in the community – reducing Covid-19 transmission from potentially asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic people through the use of face masks [online ], European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/using-face-masks-community-reducing-covid-19-transmission [Accessed 18 March 2021]
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2021a). COVID-19 vaccine tracker [online ], European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. https://vaccinetracker.ecdc.europa.eu/public/extensions/covid-19/vaccine-tracker.html [Accessed 3 May 2022]
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2021b). Non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 [online], European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/prevention-and-control/non-pharmaceutical-interventions [Accessed 17 June 2022]
  • Haider, A. H., Saleem, T., Bilaniuk, J. W., & Barraco, R. D. (2012). An evidence based review: Efficacy of safety helmets in reduction of head injuries in recreational skiers and snowboarders. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 73(5), 1340. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e318270bbca
  • Hall, P. A., Meng, G., Sakib, M. N., Quah, A. C., Agar, T., & Fong, G. T. (2022). Do the vaccinated perform less distancing, mask wearing and hand hygiene? A test of the risk compensation hypothesis in a representative sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.028
  • Hedlund, J. (2000). Risky business: Safety regulations, risk compensation, and individual behavior. Injury Prevention, 6(2), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.6.2.82
  • Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques. (2017). Statistiques et Études: Bilan démographique 2016 [online], Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE). https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2554860#:~:text = Au%201er%20janvier%202017,hausse%20de%200%2C4%20%25. [accessed 3 May 2022]
  • Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques. (2021). Statistics and studies: France, social portrait 2021 edition. The Covid-19 pandemic: 4 waves, 116 deaths and severe consequences for the healthcare system. https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/6438589?sommaire = 6438617. [accessed 20 March 2022]
  • Iyengar, K. P., Ish, P., Botchu, R., Jain, V. K., & Vaishya, R. (2021). Influence of the Peltzman effect on the recurrent COVID-19 waves in Europe. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 98(e2), e110–e111. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140234
  • Jain, V. K., Iyengar, K., Garg, R., & Vaishya, R. (2021). Elucidating reasons of COVID-19 re-infection and its management strategies. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 15(3), 1001–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.008
  • Jia, J. S., Yuan, Y., Jia, J., & Christakis, N. A. (2022). Risk perception and behaviour change after personal vaccination for COVID-19 in the USA.
  • Jørgensen, F., Lindholt, M. F., Bor, A., & Petersen, M. B. (2021). Does face mask use elicit risk-compensation? Quasi-experimental evidence from Denmark during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. European Journal of Public Health, 31(6), 1259–1265. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab136
  • Juyal, D., Pal, S., Thaledi, S., & Pandey, H. C. (2021). COVID-19: The vaccination drive in India and the Peltzman effect. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(11), 3945–3947. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_739_21
  • Kacelnik, O., & Kacelnik, A. (2022). Behavioral risk compensation and the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions. Behavioural Public Policy, 6(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2021.1
  • Kamath, V., & Nivea, B. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccines: A weapon for global security. APIK Journal of Internal Medicine, 9(4), 200. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab136
  • Kassa, S. M., & Ouhinou, A. (2015). The impact of self-protective measures in the optimal interventions for controlling infectious diseases of human population. Journal of Mathematical Biology, 70(1), 213–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-014-0761-3
  • Kasting, M. L., Shapiro, G. K., Rosberger, Z., Kahn, J. A., & Zimet, G. D. (2016). Tempest in a teapot: A systematic review of HPV vaccination and risk compensation research. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 12(6), 1435–1450. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.1141158
  • Kroczek, L. O., Böhme, S., & Mühlberger, A. (2022). Face masks reduce interpersonal distance in virtual reality. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–10. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06086-x.pdf
  • Liebst, L. S., Ejbye-Ernst, P., de Bruin, M., Thomas, J., & Lindegaard, M. R. (2022). No evidence that mask-wearing in public places elicits risk compensation behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–7. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05270-3.pdf
  • Luckman, A., Zeitoun, H., Isoni, A., Loomes, G., Vlaev, I., Powdthavee, N., & Read, D. (2021). Risk compensation during COVID-19: The impact of face mask usage on social distancing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 27(4), 722. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000382
  • Mantzari, E., Rubin, G. J., & Marteau, T. M. (2020). Is risk compensation threatening public health in the COVID-19 pandemic? Bmj, 370), https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2913
  • Marchiori, M. (2020). COVID-19 and the social distancing paradox: Dangers and solutions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.12446, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.12446
  • Martin, G. P., Hanna, E., & Dingwall, R. (2020). Urgency and uncertainty: COVID-19, face masks, and evidence informed policy. BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online), 369, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2017
  • Mayhew, A., Mullins, T. L. K., Ding, L., Rosenthal, S. L., Zimet, G. D., Morrow, C., & Kahn, J. A. (2014). Risk perceptions and subsequent sexual behaviors after HPV vaccination in adolescents. Pediatrics, 133(3), 404–411. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2822
  • Messiah, A., Constant, A., Contrand, B., Felonneau, M. L., & Lagarde, E. (2012). Risk compensation: A male phenomenon? Results from a controlled intervention trial promoting helmet use among cyclists. American Journal of Public Health, 102(S2), S204–S206. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300711
  • Miyashita, K., Hozumi, H., Furuhashi, K., Nakatani, E., Inoue, Y., Yasui, H., Karayama, M., Suzuki, Y., Fujisawa, T., Enomoto, N., & Inui, N. (2023). Changes in the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients from the early pandemic to the delta variant epidemic: A nationwide population-based study. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 12(1), 2155250. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2022.2155250
  • Nilsson, A., Bergquist, M., & Schultz, W. P. (2017). Spillover effects in environmental behaviors, across time and context: A review and research agenda. Environmental Education Research, 23(4), 573–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1250148
  • Nyhan, B., Reifler, J., Richey, S. and Freed, G. L. (2014). Effective messages in vaccine promotion: a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 133(4), e835–e842.
  • Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 124(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.54
  • Pancani, L., Marinucci, M., Aureli, N., & Riva, P. (2021). Forced social isolation and mental health: A study on 1,006 Italians under COVID-19 lockdown. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 663799. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663799
  • Papageorge, N. W., Zahn, M. V., Belot, M., Van den Broek-Altenburg, E., Choi, S., Jamison, J. C., & Tripodi, E. (2021). Socio-demographic factors associated with self-protecting behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Population Economics, 34(2), 691–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00818-x
  • Parikh, P., Joshi, S., & Gulia, A. (2021). Resurgence of COVID-19 in India-challenges and solution. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 73(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMS_149_2021
  • Park, S. R., Han, J., Yeon, Y. M., Kang, N. Y., & Kim, E. (2021). Effect of face mask on skin characteristics changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Skin Research and Technology, 27(4), 554–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12983
  • Peltzman, S. (1975). The effects of automobile safety regulation. Journal of Political Economy, 83(4), 677–725. https://doi.org/10.1086/260352
  • Petherick, A., Goldszmidt, R., Andrade, E. B., Furst, R., Hale, T., Pott, A., & Wood, A. (2021). A worldwide assessment of changes in adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviours and hypothesized pandemic fatigue. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(9), 1145–1160. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01181-x
  • Pietrabissa, G., & Simpson, S. G. (2020). Psychological consequences of social isolation during COVID-19 outbreak. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201
  • Pless, B. (2016). Risk compensation: Revisited and rebutted. Safety, 2(3), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety2030016
  • Raude, J., Lecrique, J. M., Lasbeur, L., Leon, C., Guignard, R., Du Roscoät, E., & Arwidson, P. (2020). Determinants of preventive behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in France: Comparing the sociocultural, psychosocial, and social cognitive explanations. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3345. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584500
  • Rosner, E. (2020). Adverse effects of prolonged mask use among healthcare professionals during COVID-19. J Infect Dis Epidemiol, 6(3), 130. https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510130
  • Santé Publique, F. (2021). Coronavirus (COVID-19): Enjeux de santé dans le contexte de la COVID-19 [online], Santé Publique France. https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/dossiers/coronavirus-covid-19/enjeux-de-sante-dans-le-contexte-de-la-covid-19 [Accessed 31 March 2023]
  • Santé Publique, F. (2022). Info Covid France: chiffres clés et évolution de la Covid-19 en France et dans le monde [online], Santé Publique France. https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/dossiers/coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-chiffres-cles-et-evolution-de-la-covid-19-en-france-et-dans-le-monde [Accessed 27 March 2023]
  • Sapsford, R. (2006). Survey research. Survey Research, 1–296.
  • Scheid, J. L., Lupien, S. P., Ford, G. S., & West, S. L. (2020). Commentary: Physiological and psychological impact of face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186655
  • Seres, G., Balleyer, A. H., Cerutti, N., Danilov, A., Friedrichsen, J., Liu, Y., & Süer, M. (2020). Face masks increase compliance with physical distancing recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic (No. 253). Discussion Paper. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/224069 [Accessed 20 May 2022]
  • Statista. (2022). Cumulative number of people who received one, two, or three doses of vaccines against the coronavirus (COVID-19) in France from December 27, 2020, to March 15, 2022 [online], Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1195620/vaccines-again-covid19-france/ [Accessed 11 March 2022]
  • Sun, L. X., Chen, L. L., Chen, W. Y., Zhang, M. X., Yang, M. G., Mo, L. C., Zhu, J. J., Tung, T. H., & Li, F. P. (2022). Association between health behaviours and the COVID-19 vaccination: Risk compensation among healthcare workers in Taizhou, China. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 18(1), 2029257. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2022.2029257
  • Sutton, S. (1994). The past predicts the future: Interpreting behaviour–behaviour relationships in social psychological models of health behaviour. In D. R. Rutter, & L. Quine (Eds.), Social psychology and health: European perspectives (pp. 71–88). Avebury/Ashgate Publishing Co.
  • Tang, C. C., Chen, H., & Wu, W. W. (2021). Factors influencing the protective behavior of individuals during COVID-19: A transnational survey. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01239-w
  • Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Chemaitelly, H., Yassine, H. M., Benslimane, F. M., Al Khatib, H. A., AlMukdad, S., Coyle, P., Ayoub, H. H., Al Kanaani, Z., & Al Kuwari, E. (2021). BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Qatar. Nature Medicine, 27(12), 2136–2143. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01583-4
  • Thankappan, S., & Nedumpillil, S. (2021). Peltzman effect and resurgence of COVID-19 in India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 14(5), 193. https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.315896
  • Thøgersen, J., & Crompton, T. (2009). Simple and painless? The limitations of spillover in environmental campaigning. Journal of Consumer Policy, 32(2), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-009-9101-1
  • Thompson, M. G., Burgess, J. L., Naleway, A. L., Tyner, H. L., Yoon, S. K., Meece, J., Olsho, L. E., Caban-Martinez, A. J., Fowlkes, A., Lutrick, K., & Kuntz, J. L. (2021). Interim estimates of vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care personnel, first responders, and other essential and frontline workers—eight US locations, December 2020–March 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(13), 495. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7013e3
  • Thorpe, A., Fagerlin, A., Drews, F. A., Shoemaker, H., & Scherer, L. D. (2022). Self-reported health behaviors and risk perceptions following the COVID-19 vaccination rollout in the USA: An online survey study. Public Health, 208, 68–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.05.007
  • Trogen, B., & Caplan, A. (2021). Risk compensation and COVID-19 vaccines. Annals of Internal Medicine, 174(6), 858–859. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-8251
  • Underhill, K. (2013). Study designs for identifying risk compensation behavior among users of biomedical HIV prevention technologies: Balancing methodological rigor and research ethics. Social Science & Medicine, 94, 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.03.020
  • Weinstein, N. D., Marcus, S. E., & Moser, R. P. (2005). Smokers’ unrealistic optimism about their risk. Tobacco Control, 14(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2004.008375
  • Wilde, G. J. (1998). Risk homeostasis theory: An overview. Injury Prevention, 4(2), 89–91. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.4.2.89
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Advice on the use of masks in the context of covid-19: Interim guidance [online ], World Health Organisation. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019- ncov)-outbreak [Accessed 5 June 2020]
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Looking back at a year that changed the world: WHO’s response to COVID-19, 22 January 2021 (No. WHO/WHE/2021.01). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/340321/WHO-WHE-2021.01-eng.pdf?sequence = 1&isAllowed = y [Accessed 12 May 2022]
  • World Health Organization. (2022). COVID-19 vaccines [online ], World Health Organisation. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines [Accessed 31 March 2022]
  • Wright, L., Steptoe, A., Mak, H. W., & Fancourt, D. (2022). Do people reduce compliance with COVID-19 guidelines following vaccination? A longitudinal analysis of matched UK adults. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 76(2), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-217179
  • Yan, Y., Bayham, J., Richter, A., & Fenichel, E. P. (2021). Risk compensation and face mask mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82574-w
  • Youssef, D., Issa, O., Kanso, M., Youssef, J., Abou-Abbas, L., & Abboud, E. (2022). Practice of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 and reduction of the risk of influenza-like illness: A cross-sectional population-based study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-022-00450-y