952
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

More than my Appearance: a pilot evaluation of the Expand Your Horizon online functionality-based writing programme for adults with visible differences

, , , &
Article: 2349004 | Received 11 Oct 2023, Accepted 22 Apr 2024, Published online: 09 May 2024

References

  • Alleva, J. M., Diedrichs, P. C., Halliwell, E., Martijn, C., Stuijfzand, B. G., Treneman-Evans, G., & Rumsey, N. (2018a). A randomised-controlled trial investigating potential underlying mechanisms of a functionality-based approach to improving women’s body image. Body Image, 25, 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.02.009
  • Alleva, J. M., Diedrichs, P. C., Halliwell, E., Peters, M. L., Dures, E., Stuijfzand, B. G., & Rumsey, N. (2018b). More than my RA: A randomized trial investigating body image improvement among women with rheumatoid arthritis using a functionality-focused intervention program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(8), 666–676. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000317
  • Alleva, J. M., Martijn, C., Van Breukelen, G. J., Jansen, A., & Karos, K. (2015). Expand Your Horizon: A programme that improves body image and reduces self-objectification by training women to focus on body functionality. Body Image, 15, 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.07.001
  • Alleva, J. M., & Tylka, T. L. (2021). Body functionality: A review of the literature. Body Image, 36, 149–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.006
  • Alleva, J. M., Tylka, T. L., & Van Diest, A. M. K. (2017). The Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS): Development and psychometric evaluation in U.S. community women and men. Body Image, 23, 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.07.008
  • Alleva, J. M., Tylka, T. L., van Oorsouw, K., Montanaro, E., Perey, I., Bolle, C., … Webb, J. B. (2020). The effects of yoga on functionality appreciation and additional facets of positive body image. Body Image, 34, 184–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.06.003
  • Andrew, R., Tiggemann, M., & Clark, L. (2016). Predictors and health-related outcomes of positive body image in adolescent girls: A prospective study. Developmental Psychology, 52(3), 463. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000095
  • Bessell, A., Brough, V., Clarke, A., Harcourt, D., Moss, T. P., & Rumsey, N. (2012). Evaluation of the effectiveness of Face IT, a computer-based psychosocial intervention for disfigurement-related distress. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 17(5), 565–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2011.647701
  • Clarke, A., Thompson, A. R., Jenkinson, E., Rumsey, N., & Newell, R. (2013). CBT for appearance anxiety: Psychosocial interventions for anxiety due to visible difference. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Egan, K., Harcourt, D., Rumsey, N., & Collaboration, A. R. (2011). A qualitative study of the experiences of people who identify themselves as having adjusted positively to a visible difference. Journal of Health Psychology, 16(5), 739–749. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310390246
  • Forman, J., & Damschroder, L. (2007). Qualitative content analysis. In L. Jacoby & L. A. Siminoff (Eds.), Empirical methods for bioethics: A primer (Advances in Bioethics, Vol. 11) (pp. 39–62). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3709(07)11003-7
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T.-A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
  • Garbett, K., Harcourt, D., & Buchanan, H. (2017). Using online blogs to explore positive outcomes after burn injuries. Journal of Health Psychology, 22(13), 1755–1766. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316638549
  • Gillen, M. M. (2015). Associations between positive body image and indicators of men's and women's mental and physical health. Body Image, 13, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.01.002
  • Guest, E., Costa, B., Williamson, H., Meyrick, J., Halliwell, E., & Harcourt, D. (2019). The effectiveness of interventions aiming to promote positive body image in adults: A systematic review. Body image, 30, 10–25.
  • Guest, E., Jarman, H., Sharratt, N., Williamson, H., White, P., Harcourt, D., & Slater, A. (2021). ‘‘Everybody’s Different: The Appearance Game’. A randomised controlled trial evaluating an appearance-related board game intervention with children aged 9–11 years. Body Image, 36, 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.010
  • Halliwell, E. (2015). Future directions for positive body image research. Body Image, 14, 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.003
  • Harcourt, D., Hamlet, C., Feragen, K. B., Garcia-Lopez, L.-J., Masnari, O., Mendes, J., Nobile, F., Okkerse, J., Pittermann, A., & Spillekom-van Koulil, S. (2018). The provision of specialist psychosocial support for people with visible differences: A European survey. Body Image, 25, 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.02.001
  • Harcourt, D., & Williamson, H. (2019). Positive body image in people living with visible differences. In T. L. Tylka & N. Piran (Eds.), Handbook of positive body image and embodiment: Constructs, protective factors, and interventions (pp. 255–262). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190841874.003.0025
  • Jakobsen, J. C., Gluud, C., Wetterslev, J., & Winkel, P. (2017). When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials – a practical guide with flowcharts. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 17(1), 162. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0442-1
  • Jenkinson, E., Williamson, H., Byron-Daniel, J., & Moss, T. P. (2015). Systematic review: Psychosocial interventions for children and young people with visible differences resulting from appearance altering conditions, injury, or treatment effects. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 40(10), 1017–1033. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsv048
  • Khadjesari, Z., Murray, E., Kalaitzaki, E., White, I. R., McCambridge, J., Thompson, S. G., … Godfrey, C. (2011). Impact and costs of incentives to reduce attrition in online trials: Two randomized controlled trials. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(1), e26. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1523
  • Kleve, L., Rumsey, N., Wyn-Williams, M., & White, P. (2002). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural interventions provided at Outlook: A disfigurement support unit. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 8(4), 387–395. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2753.2002.00348.x
  • Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1975). A review of statistical methods in the analysis of data arising from observer reliability studies (Part I)*. Statistica Neerlandica, 29(3), 101–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9574.1975.tb00254.x
  • Linardon, J., Messer, M., & Tylka, T. L. (2023). Functionality appreciation and its correlates: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Body Image, 45, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.02.002
  • Little, R. J. (1988). A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83(404), 1198–1202. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722
  • Mathews, A., Costa, B., Mikkola, A., & Harcourt, D. (2023). ‘Scars: How Our Wounds Make US Who We Are’: Improving appearance-based stigma, conceptualisation of beauty and body esteem through a documentary. Scars, Burns & Healing, 9, 20595131231205398. https://doi.org/10.1177/20595131231205398
  • Norman, A., & Moss, T. P. (2015). Psychosocial interventions for adults with visible differences: A systematic review. PeerJ, 3, e870. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.870
  • O’Connor, C., & Joffe, H. (2020). Intercoder reliability in qualitative research: Debates and practical guidelines. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1–13.
  • Partridge, J., & Julian, D. (2008). The incidence and prevalence of disfigurement. Changing Faces.
  • Pennebaker, J. W., & Chung, C. K. (2007). Expressive writing, emotional upheavals, and health. In H. S. Friedman & R. C. Silver (Eds.), Foundations of Health Psychology (pp. 263–284). Oxford University Press.
  • Pilkonis, P. A., Choi, S. W., Reise, S. P., Stover, A. M., Riley, W. T., Cella, D., & PROMIS Cooperative Group (2011). Item banks for measuring emotional distress from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®): Depression, anxiety, and anger. Assessment, 18(3), 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111411667
  • Piran, N. (2002). Embodiment: A mosaic of inquiries in the area of body weight and shape preoccupation. Ways of Knowing in and through the Body: Diverse Perspectives on Embodiment, 211–214.
  • Powell, L. D., Vasiliou, V. S., & Thompson, A. R. (2023). An ACT self-help intervention for adults with a visible difference in appearance: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled study. Body Image, 47, 101637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101637
  • Robinson, E., Ramsey, N., & Partridge, J. (1996). An evaluation of the impact of social interaction skills training for facially disfigured people. British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 49(5), 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1226(96)90156-3
  • Rumsey, N., & Harcourt, D. (2012). Oxford handbook of the psychology of appearance. OUP Oxford.
  • Sebri, V., Triberti, S., & Pravettoni, G. (2021). The self’s choice: Priming attentional focus on bodily self promotes loss frequency bias. Current Psychology, 42(1), 1–12.
  • Sekhon, M., Cartwright, M., & Francis, J. J. (2017). Acceptability of healthcare interventions: An overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2031-8
  • Sherman, K. A., Roper, T., & Kilby, C. J. (2019). Enhancing self-compassion in individuals with visible skin conditions: Randomised pilot of the ‘My Changed Body’ self-compassion writing intervention. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 7(1), 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2019.1587298
  • Spatuzzi, R., Vespa, A., Lorenzi, P., Miccinesi, G., Ricciuti, M., Cifarelli, W., … Aieta, M. (2016). Evaluation of social support, quality of life, and body image in women with breast cancer. Breast Care, 11(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443493
  • Stone, A., & Wright, T. (2012). Evaluations of people depicted with facial disfigurement compared to those with mobility impairment. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 34(3), 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2012.674420
  • Thomas, E. V., Warren-Findlow, J., Webb, J. B., Quinlan, M. M., Laditka, S. B., & Reeve, C. L. (2019). “It’s very valuable to me that I appear capable”: A qualitative study exploring relationships between body functionality and appearance among women with visible physical disabilities. Body Image, 30, 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.05.007
  • Thompson, A., & Kent, G. (2001). Adjusting to disfigurement: Processes involved in dealing with being visibly different. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(5), 663–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(00)00056-8
  • Tiggemann, M. (2015). Considerations of positive body image across various social identities and special populations. Body Image, 14, 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.002
  • Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The Body Appreciation Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 12, 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006
  • van Dalen, M., Dierckx, B., Pasmans, S. G. M. A., Aendekerk, E. W. C., Mathijssen, I. M. J., Koudstaal, M. J., … Okkerse, J. M. E. (2020). Anxiety and depression in adolescents with a visible difference: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Body Image, 33, 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.006
  • Van Dalen, M., Pasmans, S. G. M., Aendekerk, M. L., Mathijssen, I., Koudstaal, M., Timman, R., … Okkerse, J. (2021). Investigating online psychological treatment for adolescents with a visible difference in the Dutch YP Face IT study: Protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 11(1), e041449. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041449
  • Wardle, C., Boyce, T., & Barron, J. (2009). Media coverage and audience reception of people with disfigurement or visible loss of function. The Healing Foundation.
  • Wood-Barcalow, N. L., Tylka, T. L., & Augustus-Horvath, C. L. (2010). “But I Like My Body”: Positive body image characteristics and a holistic model for young-adult women. Body Image, 7(2), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.01.001
  • Zucchelli, F., Donnelly, O., Rush, E., Smith, H., & Williamson, H. (2021). Designing an mHealth intervention for people With visible differences based on acceptance and commitment therapy: Participatory study gaining stakeholders’ input. JMIR Formative Research, 5(3), e26355. https://doi.org/10.2196/26355
  • Zucchelli, F., Donnelly, O., Rush, E., White, P., Gwyther, H., & Williamson, H. (2022). An acceptance and commitment therapy prototype mobile program for individuals with a visible difference: Mixed methods feasibility study. JMIR Formative Research, 6(1), e33449. https://doi.org/10.2196/33449
  • Zucchelli, F., van Dalen, M., Bhatia, R., White, P., Hamlet, C., & Harcourt, D. (2023). Do congenital and acquired causes of visible difference predict distinct appearance-related psychosocial outcomes? Body Image, 45, 355–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.016