Mismatching between circulating strains and vaccine strains of influenza: Effect on Hajj pilgrims from both hemispheres

References

• Nicholson KG, Wood JM, Zambon M. Influenza. Lancet 2003; 362:1733-45; PMID:14643124; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14854-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard SA, Viboud C, Miller MA. Evaluation of Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine recommendations. Vaccine 2010; 28:2693-9; PMID:20153352; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.01.053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterholm MT, Kelley NS, Sommer A, Belongia EA. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12:36-44; PMID:22032844; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70295-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox NJ, Subbarao K. Influenza. Lancet 1999; 354:1277-82; PMID:10520648; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01241-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferson T, Di Pietrantonj C, Rivetti A, Bawazeer GA, Al-Ansary LA, Ferroni E. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 3:CD001269; PMID:24623315
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan TC, Hsiao CK, Lee CC, Chiang PH, Kao CL, Liu CM, King CC. The impact of matching vaccine strains and post-SARS public health efforts on reducing influenza-associated mortality among the elderly. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11317; PMID:20592764; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Memish ZA, Stephens GM, Steffen R, Ahmed QA. Emergence of medicine for mass gatherings: lessons from the Hajj. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12:56-65; PMID:22192130; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70337-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benkouiten S, Charrel R, Belhouchat K, Drali T, Nougairede A, Salez N, Memish ZA, al Masri M, Fournier P-E, Raoult D. Respiratory viruses and bacteria among pilgrims during the 2013 Hajj. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:1821; PMID:25341199; http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2011.140600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benkouiten S, Charrel R, Belhouchat K, Drali T, Salez N, Nougairede A, Zandotti C, Memish ZA, al Masri M, Gaillard C. Circulation of respiratory viruses among pilgrims during the 2012 Hajj pilgrimage. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:992-1000; PMID:23839997; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haworth E, Barasheed O, Memish ZA, Rashid H, Booy R. Prevention of influenza at Hajj: applications for mass gatherings. J R Soc Med 2013; 106:215-23; PMID:23761581; http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.2012.120170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfelali M, Rashid H. Prevalence of influenza at Hajj: is it correlated with vaccine uptake? Infect Disord Drug Targets 2014; 14:213-8; PMID:25809627; http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526515999150320160055
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alqarni H, Memish ZA, Assiri AM. Health conditions for travellers to Saudi Arabia for the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) – 2015. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2015; ( in press); PMID:26184362
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alfelali M, Barasheed O, Tashani M, Azeem MI, El Bashir H, Memish ZA, Heron L, Khandaker G, Booy R, Rashid H. Changes in the prevalence of influenza-like illness and influenza vaccine uptake among Hajj pilgrims: A 10-year retrospective analysis of data. Vaccine 2015; 33:2562-9; PMID:25887084; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid H, Shafi S, Booy R, El Bashir H, Ali K, Zambon M, Memish Z, Ellis J, Coen P, Haworth E. Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections in British Hajj pilgrims. Emerg Health Threats J 2008; 1:e2; PMID:22460211
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rashid H, Shafi S, Haworth E, Memish ZA, El Bashir H, Ali KA, Booy R. Influenza vaccine in Hajj pilgrims: policy issues from field studies. Vaccine 2008; 26:4809-12; PMID:18640171; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlSaleh E, Al Mazroua M, Choudhary A, Turkistani A, Hamdan N, Azhar E. Serotypes of influenza during Hajj season, 1424 H (2004). Saudi Epidemiol Bull 2005; 12:1-2
   Google Scholar
• Darvishian M, Bijlsma MJ, Hak E, van den Heuvel ER. Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in community-dwelling elderly people: a meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:1228-39; PMID:25455990; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70960-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heikkinen T, Ikonen N, Ziegler T. Impact of influenza B lineage-level mismatch between trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines and circulating viruses, 1999-2012. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:1519-24; PMID:25139969; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid H, Haworth E, Shafi S, Memish ZA, Booy R. Pandemic influenza: mass gatherings and mass infection. Lancet Infect Dis 2008; 8:526-7; PMID:18684671; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70186-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alqahtani AS, Rashid H, Heywood AE. Vaccinations against respiratory tract infections at Hajj. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:115-27; PMID:25682277; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2014.11.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tricco AC, Chit A, Soobiah C, Hallett D, Meier G, Chen MH, Tashkandi M, Bauch CT, Loeb M. Comparing influenza vaccine efficacy against mismatched and matched strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC medicine 2013; 11:153; PMID:23800265; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeb M, Russell ML, Moss L, Fonseca K, Fox J, Earn DJ, Aoki F, Horsman G, Van Caeseele P, Chokani K, et al. Effect of influenza vaccination of children on infection rates in Hutterite communities: a randomized trial. JAMA 2010; 303:943-50; PMID:20215608; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pannaraj PS, Wang HL, Rivas H, Wiryawan H, Smit M, Green N, Aldrovandi GM, El Amin AN, Mascola L. School-located influenza vaccination decreases laboratory-confirmed influenza and improves school attendance. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:325-32; PMID:24829215; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman DO, Leder K. Influenza: changing approaches to prevention and treatment in travelers. J Travel Med 2005; 12:36-44; PMID:15996465; http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2005.00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askling HH, Rombo L. Influenza in travellers. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2010; 23:421-5; PMID:20717029; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833c6863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strikas RA, Kozarsky PE, Reed C, Kapella BK, Freedman DO. Should health-care providers in the United States have access to influenza vaccines formulated for the southern hemisphere? J Travel Med 2008; 15:442-6; PMID:19090800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charrel RN, Nougairede A, Brouqui P, Raoult D, Gautret P. Influenza vaccine for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. Lancet Infect Dis 2015; 15:267; PMID:25749228; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70035-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black S. Safety and effectiveness of MF-59 adjuvanted influenza vaccines in children and adults. Vaccine 2015; 33 Suppl 2:B3-5; PMID:26022564; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.062
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DiazGranados CA, Dunning AJ, Kimmel M, Kirby D, Treanor J, Collins A, Pollak R, Christoff J, Earl J, Landolfi V, et al. Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:635-45; PMID:25119609; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1315727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tashani M, Rashid H, Ridda I, Heron L, Memish ZA, Haworth E, Booy R. Oseltamivir for control of influenza at mass gatherings. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2013; 13:46-52; PMID:23675926; http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715265112129990007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang M, Barasheed O, Rashid H, Booy R, El Bashir H, Haworth E, Ridda I, Holmes EC, Dwyer DE, Nguyen-Van-Tam J, et al. A cluster-randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of facemasks in preventing respiratory viral infection among Hajj pilgrims. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2015; 5:181-9; PMID:25922328; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katme AM. Hand washing. Muslim teaching gives rules for when hands must be washed. BMJ 1999; 319:520; PMID:10507866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balkhy HH, Memish ZA, Bafaqeer S, Almuneef MA. Influenza a common viral infection among Hajj pilgrims: time for routine surveillance and vaccination. J Travel Med 2004; 11:82-6; PMID:15109471; http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2004.17027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Bashir H, Haworth E, Zambon M, Shafi S, Zuckerman J, Booy R. Influenza among UK pilgrims to Hajj, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:1882; PMID:15515248; http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1010.040151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Anzi F, Al Mazroa M, Chaudhry J, Humdan N, Azhur E. Distribution of influenza virus during Hajj season 1426 Hijra (2005 G). Saudi Epidemiol Bull 2006; 13:10-3
   Google Scholar
• Rashid H, Shafi S, Haworth E, El Bashir H, Memish Z, Sudhanva M, Smith M, Auburn H, Booy R. Viral respiratory infections at the Hajj: comparison between UK and Saudi pilgrims. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:569-74; PMID:18373688; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01987.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alborzi A, Aelami MH, Ziyaeyan M, Jamalidoust M, Moeini M, Pourabbas B, Abbasian A. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among Iranian Hajj pilgrims, 2006. J Travel Med 2009; 16:239-42; PMID:19674262; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8305.2009.00301.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moattari A, Emami A, Moghadami M, Honarvar B. Influenza viral infections among the Iranian Hajj pilgrims returning to Shiraz, Fars province, Iran. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2012; 6:e77-e9; PMID:22606996; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00380.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbdulRahman NK, Chaudhry AJ, Al Mazroa M. Etiology of upper respiratory tract infection among international pilgrims arriving for Hajj 2010 G. Saudi Epidemiol Bull 2012; 19:14-6
   Google Scholar
• Barasheed O, Almasri N, Badahdah A-M, Heron L, Taylor J, McPhee K, Ridda I, Haworth E, E Dwyer D, Rashid H. Pilot randomised controlled trial to test effectiveness of facemasks in preventing influenza-like illness transmission among Australian Hajj pilgrims in 2011. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2014; 14:110-6; PMID:25336079; http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526514666141021112855
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gautret P, Charrel R, Benkouiten S, Belhouchat K, Nougairede A, Drali T, Salez N, Memish ZA, Al Masri M, Lagier JC, et al. Lack of MERS coronavirus but prevalence of influenza virus in French pilgrims after 2013 Hajj. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:728-30; PMID:24656283; http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2004.131708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barasheed O, Rashid H, Alfelali M, Tashani M, Azeem M, Bokhary H, Kalantan N, Samkari J, Heron L, Kok J. Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Virol Sin 2014; 29:364-71; PMID:25413828; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-014-3507-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Annan A, Owusu M, Marfo KS, Larbi R, Sarpong FN, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Amankwa J, Fiafemetsi S, Drosten C, Owusu-Dabo E, et al. High prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Hajj pilgrims returning to Ghana, 2013. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 20:807-12; PMID:25688471; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aberle JH, Popow-Kraupp T, Kreidl P, Laferl H, Heinz FX, Aberle SW. Influenza A and B viruses but not MERS-CoV in Hajj pilgrims, Austria, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:726-7; PMID:25811672; http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2104.141745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar