Routine immunization of adults by pharmacists: Attitudes and beliefs of the Canadian public and health care providers

References

• Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian Immunization Guide [Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2012 Dec 3 [ updated 2014 Apr 24; cited 2015 Mar 9]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cig-gci/p01-12-eng.php
   Google Scholar
• US. Department of Health & Human Services. US. National Vaccine Plan. [Internet]. Washington, DC: US. Department of Health & Human Services; 2010 [ updated 2013; cited 2015 Mar 9]. Available from: http://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/vacc_plan/
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. What are some of the myths – and facts – about vaccination? [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2013 April [cited 2015 Mar 9]. Available from: http://www.who.int/features/qa/84/en/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Skelton JB, American Pharmacists Association, Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. Pharmacist-provided immunization compensation and recognition: White paper summarizing APhA/AMCP stakeholder meeting. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2011; 51:704-12; PMID:22068191; http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2011.11544
   Google Scholar
• Colgrove, J. Immunity for the People: The challenge of achieving high vaccine coverage in American history. Public Health Rep 2007; 122:248-57; PMID:17357368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamal KM, Madhavan SS, Amonkar MM. Determinants of adult influenza and pneumonia immunization rates. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2003; 43:403-11; PMID:12836791
   Google Scholar
• Kau L, Sadowski CA, Hughes C. Vaccinations in older adults: focus on pneumococcal, influenza and herpes zoster infections. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2011; 144:132-41; http://dx.doi.org/10.3821/1913-701X-144.3.132
   Google Scholar
• Shen AK, Bridges CB, Tan L. The first national adult immunization summit 2012: implementing change through action. Vaccine 2013; 31:279-84; PMID:23174197; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarnall K.S., Pollak K.I., Østbye T., Krause K.M., Michener J.L. Primary care: is there enough time for prevention? Am J Public Health 2003; 93:635-41; PMID:12660210; http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.4.635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabenstein JD, Guess HA, Hartzema AG, Koch GG, Konrad TR. Attitudinal factors among adult prescription recipients associated with choice of where to be vaccinated. J Clin Epidemiol 2002; 55:279-84; PMID:11864799; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00452-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steyer TE, Ragucci KR, Pearson WS, Mainous AG. The role of pharmacists in the delivery of influenza vaccinations. Vaccine 2004; 22:1001-6; PMID:15161077; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.08.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabenstein JD, Hartzema AG, Guess HA, Johnston WP, Rittenhouse BE. Community pharmacists as immunization advocates. Cost-effectiveness of a cue to influenza vaccination. Medical Care 1992; 30:503-13; PMID:1593916; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199206000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashby-Hughes B, Nickerson N. Provider endorsement: the strongest cue in prompting high-risk adults to receive influenza and pneumococcal immunizations. Clin Excell Nurse Pract 1999; 3:97-104; PMID:10646398
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Higginbotham S, Stewart A, Pfalzgraf A. Impact of a pharmacist immunizer on adult immunization rates. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003); 2012; 52:367-71; PMID:22618978; http:dx.doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.10083
   Google Scholar
• Loughlin SM, Mortazavi A, Garey KW, Rice GK, Birtcher KK. Pharmacist-managed vaccination program increased influenza vaccination rates in cardiovascular patients enrolled in a secondary prevention lipid clinic. Pharmacotherapy 2007; 27:729-33; PMID:17461708; http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.27.5.729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst ME, Chalstrom CV, Currie JD, Sorofman B. Implementation of a community pharmacy-based influenza vaccination program. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 1997; NS37:570-80; PMID:9479410
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Amburgh JA, Waite NM, Hobson EH, Migden H. Improved influenza vaccination rates in a rural population as a result of a pharmacist-managed immunization campaign. Pharmacotherapy 2001; 21:1115-22; PMID:11560201; http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.21.13.1115.34624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Pharmacists Association. Guidelines for pharmacy-based immunization advocacy. [Internet]. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 1997 August [cited 2015 August 26]. Available from: http://www.pharmacist.com/guidelines-pharmacy-based-immunization-advocacy.
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Pharmacists Association. Pharmacists' expanded scope of practice. [Internet]. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Pharmacists Association; 2015 [ updated 2014 Dec; cited 2015 Mar 9]. Available from: http://www.pharmacists.ca/index.cfm/pharmacy-in-canada/scope-of-practice-canada
   Google Scholar
• Parkins MD, McNeil SA, Laupland K. Routine immunization of adults in Canada: Review of the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases and current recommendations for primary prevention. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2009; 20(3):e81-90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Public Health Agency of Canada. Vaccine coverage amongst adult Canadians: results from the 2012 adult National Immunization Coverage (aNIC) survey [Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2012 [ updated 2014 Apr 10; cited 2015 Mar 29]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/im/nics-enva/vcac-cvac-eng.php
   Google Scholar
• Langan SM, Smeeth L, Margolis DJ, Thomas SL. Herpes zoster vaccine effectiveness against incident herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in an older US population: a cohort study. PLoS Med 2013; 10(4):e1001420; PMID:23585738; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briss PA, Rodewald LE, Hinman AR, Shefer AM, Strikas RA, Bernier RR, Carande-Kulis VG, Yusuf HR, Ndiaye SM, Williams SM, The Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults. Am J Prev Med 2000; 18(1 Suppl):97-140; PMID:10806982; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00118-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marra F, Kaczorowski J, Gastonguay L, Marra CA, Lynd LD, Kendall P. Pharmacy-based Immunization in Rural Communities Strategy (PhICS): A community cluster-randomized trial. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2014; 147:33-44; PMID:24494014; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163513514020
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Isenor JE, Alia T, Billard B, McNeil S, Slayter K, MacDougall D, Halperin B, Holmes E, Oliver G, Bowles S. The impact of pharmacists as immunizers on influenza vaccination coverage in Nova Scotia [abstract]. In: Poster Presentation Abstracts of the 11th Canadian Immunization Conference; 2014 Dec 2–4; Ottawa, ON. Abstract Poster 96
   Google Scholar
• Ndiaye SM, Madhavean S, Washington ML, Shui I, Tucker J, Rosenbluth S, Richards T. The use of pharmacy immunization services in rural communities. Public Health 2003; 117(2):88-97; PMID:12802974; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3506(02)00022-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goad JA, Taitel MS, Fensterheim LE, Cannon AE. Vaccinations administered during off-clinic hours at a national community pharmacy: implications for increasing patient access and convenience. Ann Fam Med 2013; 11(5):429-36; PMID:24019274; http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.1542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowles SK, Strang RA, Wissmann E. A pilot program of community pharmacy-based influenza immunization clinics. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2005; 138(6):38; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/171516350513800606
   Google Scholar
• Eggertson L. Experts call for national immunization registry, coordinated schedules. CMAJ 2011; 183:e143-e144; PMID:21242267; http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-3778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nova Scotia College of Pharmacists. Standards of Practice: Drug Administration [Internet]. Halifax, NS: Nova Scotia College of Pharmacists; 2014 Jun [cited 2015 Mar 29]. Available from: www.nspharmacists.ca/standards/documents/DrugAdministrationStandardsofPracticeJun302014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Poland GA, Belmin J, Langley J, Michel JP, Van Damme P, Wicker S. A global prescription for adult immunization: time is catching up with us. Vaccine 2010; 28:7137-9; PMID:20937435; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huot C, Sauvageau C, Tremblay G, Dubé E, Ouakki M. Adult immunization services: steps have to be done. Vaccine 2010; 28:1177-80; PMID:19945413; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivankova NV, Stick SL. Students' persistence in a distributed doctoral program in educational leadership in higher education: a mixed methods study. Res Higher Education 2007; 48:93-135; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11162-006-9025-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell JW. Education research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative approaches to research. 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Pearson Education, 2005
   Google Scholar
• MacDougall D, Halperin BA, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Li L, McNeil SA, Langley JM, Halperin SA. Universal tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination of adults: what Canadian health care providers know and need to know. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2167-79; PMID:2609861; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1046662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halperin BA, MacDougall D, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Li L, McNeil SA, Langley JM, Halperin SA. Universal tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination of adults: What the Canadian public knows and wants to know. Vaccine 2015; 33:6840-8; PMID:26392011; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar