Zika virus-induced neuro-ocular pathology in immunocompetent mice correlates with anti-ganglioside autoantibodies

References

• Beaver JT, Lelutiu N, Habib R, Skountzou I. Evolution of two major zika virus lineages: implications for pathology, immune response, and vaccine development. Front Immunol. 2018;9(1640). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01640.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Araujo LM, Ferreira ML, Nascimento OJ. Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2016;74(253–255). doi:10.1590/0004-282X20160035.
   Google Scholar
• Brasil P, Pereira JP, Moreira ME, Ribeiro Nogueira RM, Damasceno L, Wakimoto M, Rabello RS, Valderramos SG, Halai U-A, Salles TS, et al. Zika virus infection in pregnant Women in Rio de Janeiro. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(2321–2334). doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1602412
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• da Silva IRF, Frontera JA, Bispo de Filippis AM, Nascimento O, Group R-G-ZR. Neurologic complications associated with the Zika Virus in Brazilian adults. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(1190–1198). doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.1703.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay D, Hajra A. ZIKA virus: A new threat to the eyes. Eur J Intern Med. 2017;44:e9–e10. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.05.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakalapakorn SG, Meaney-Delman D, Honein MA, Rasmussen SA. The eyes as a window to improved understanding of the prenatal effects of Zika virus infection. J Aapos. 2017;21(259–261). doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.07.001.
   Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan S, Kannan B, Kannan A, Venkatesan EP. Vision loss in guillain-barre syndrome: is it a complication of guillain-barre syndrome or just a coincidence? J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2016;11:340–41. doi:10.4103/2008-322X.188405.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barzon L, Pacenti M, Franchin E, Lavezzo E, Trevisan M, Sgarabotto D, Palu G. Infection dynamics in a traveller with persistent shedding of Zika virus RNA in semen for six months after returning from Haiti to Italy, January 2016. Euro Surveill. 2016;21. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.32.30316.
   Google Scholar
• Mansuy JM, Dutertre M, Mengelle C, Fourcade C, Marchou B, Delobel P, Izopet J, Martin-Blondel G. Zika virus: high infectious viral load in semen, a new sexually transmitted pathogen? Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16:405. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00138-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray KO, Gorchakov R, Carlson AR, Berry R, Lai L, Natrajan M, Garcia MN, Correa A, Patel SM, Aagaard K, Mulligan MJ. Prolonged detection of zika virus in vaginal secretions and whole blood. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(99–101). doi:10.3201/eid2301.161394
   Google Scholar
• Bautista LE. Zika virus infection and risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2019;403(99–105). doi:10.1016/j.jns.2019.06.019.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munoz LS, Parra B, Pardo CA, Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas, S. Neurological Implications of Zika Virus Infection in Adults. J Infect Dis. 2017;216:S897–S905. doi:10.1093/infdis/jix511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbi L, Coelho AVC, Alencar LCA, Crovella S. Prevalence of Guillain-Barre syndrome among Zika virus infected cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz J Infect Dis. 2018;22(137–141). doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2018.02.005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ. Guillain-Barre syndrome and variants. Neurol Clin. 2013;31(491–510). doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2013.01.005.
   Google Scholar
• Nachamkin I, Allos BM, Ho T. Campylobacter species and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11:555–67. doi:10.1128/CMR.11.3.555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garber C, Soung A, Vollmer LL, Kanmogne M, Last A, Brown J, Klein RS. T cells promote microglia-mediated synaptic elimination and cognitive dysfunction during recovery from neuropathogenic flaviviruses. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22(1276–1288). doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0427-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDonald EM, Duggal NK, Delorey MJ, Oksanish J, Ritter JM, Brault AC. Duration of seminal Zika viral RNA shedding in immunocompetent mice inoculated with Asian and African genotype viruses. Virology. 2019;535(1–10). doi:10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.010.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munoz-Jordan JL, Fredericksen BL. How flaviviruses activate and suppress the interferon response. Viruses. 2010;2(676–691). doi:10.3390/v2020676.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dowall SD, Graham VA, Rayner E, Atkinson B, Hall G, Watson RJ, Bosworth A, Bonney LC, Kitchen S, Hewson R, et al. A susceptible mouse model for zika virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(e0004658). doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004658
   Google Scholar
• Lazear HM, Govero J, Smith A, Platt D, Fernandez E, Miner J, Diamond M. A mouse model of zika virus pathogenesis. Cell Host Microbe. 2016;19(720–730). doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.03.010.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao Z, Yang M, Azar SR, Soong L, Weaver SC, Sun J, Chen Y, Rossi SL, Cai J. Viral retinopathy in experimental models of Zika infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(4355–4365). doi:10.1167/iovs.17-22016.
   Google Scholar
• Singh PK, Guest J-M, Kanwar M, Boss J, Gao N, Juzych MS, Abrams GW, Yu F-S, Kumar A. Zika virus infects cells lining the blood-retinal barrier and causes chorioretinal atrophy in mouse eyes. JCI Insight. 2017;2(e92340). doi:10.1172/jci.insight.92340.
   Google Scholar
• Simonin Y, Erkilic N, Damodar K, Clé M, Desmetz C, Bolloré K, Taleb M, Torriano S, Barthelemy J, Dubois G, et al. Zika virus induces strong inflammatory responses and impairs homeostasis and function of the human retinal pigment epithelium. EBioMedicine. 2019;39(315–331). doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morrison TE, Diamond MS. Animal models of zika virus infection, pathogenesis, and Immunity. J Virol. 2017;91. doi:10.1128/JVI.00009-17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazerai L, Schøller AS, Rasmussen POS, Buus S, Stryhn A, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR. A New In Vivo Model to Study Protective Immunity to Zika Virus Infection in Mice With Intact Type I Interferon Signaling. Front Immunol. 2018;9(593). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00593.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coelho SVA, Neris RLS, Papa MP, Schnellrath LC, Meuren LM, Tschoeke DA, Leomil L, Verçoza BRF, Miranda M, Thompson FL, et al. Development of standard methods for Zika virus propagation, titration, and purification. J Virol Methods. 2017;246(65–74). doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.04.011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matrosovich M, Matrosovich T, Garten W, Klenk HD. New low-viscosity overlay medium for viral plaque assays. Virol J. 2006;3(63). doi:10.1186/1743-422X-3-63.
   Google Scholar
• Priyamvada L, Quicke KM, Hudson WH, Onlamoon N, Sewatanon J, Edupuganti S, Pattanapanyasat K, Chokephaibulkit K, Mulligan MJ, Wilson PC, et al. Human antibody responses after dengue virus infection are highly cross-reactive to Zika virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(7852–7857). doi:10.1073/pnas.1607931113
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia-Nicolas O, Braun RO, Milona P, Lewandowska M, Dijkman R, Alves MP, Summerfield A. Targeting of the Nasal Mucosa by Japanese Encephalitis Virus for Non-Vector-Borne Transmission. J Virol. 2018;92. doi:10.1128/JVI.01091-18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassert M, Wolf KJ, Schwetye KE, DiPaolo RJ, Brien JD, Pinto AK. CD4+T cells mediate protection against Zika associated severe disease in a mouse model of infection. PLoS Pathog. 2018;14(e1007237). doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flammer J, Konieczka K, Bruno RM, Virdis A, Flammer AJ, Taddei S. The eye and the heart. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(1270–1278). doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht023.
   Google Scholar
• Grabert K, McColl BW. Isolation and Phenotyping of Adult Mouse Microglial Cells. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1784(77–86). doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7837-3_7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee JK, Tansey MG. Microglia isolation from adult mouse brain. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;1041(17–23). doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-520-0_3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sapparapu G, Fernandez E, Kose N, Cao B, Fox JM, Bombardi RG, Zhao H, Nelson CA, Bryan AL, Barnes T, et al. Neutralizing human antibodies prevent Zika virus replication and fetal disease in mice. Nature. 2016;540(443–447). doi:10.1038/nature20564
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mavigner M, Raper J, Kovacs-Balint Z, Gumber S, O’Neal JT, Bhaumik SK, Zhang X, Habib J, Mattingly C, McDonald CE, et al. Postnatal Zika virus infection is associated with persistent abnormalities in brain structure, function, and behavior in infant macaques. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taib T, Leconte C, Van Steenwinckel J, Cho AH, Palmier B, Torsello E, Lai Kuen R, Onyeomah S, Ecomard K, Benedetto C, et al. Neuroinflammation, myelin and behavior: temporal patterns following mild traumatic brain injury in mice. PLoS One. 2017;12(e0184811). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184811
   Google Scholar
• Brayton C, McBean NF, Watson J. JHU Mouse Pathobiology & Phenotyping Short Course. Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Dep Mol Comp Pathol. 2015;4(1–10).
   Google Scholar
• Drapeau E, Riad M, Kajiwara Y, Buxbaum JD. Behavioral Phenotyping of an Improved Mouse Model of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome with a Complete Deletion of the Shank3 Gene. eNeuro. 2018;5. doi:10.1523/ENEURO.0046-18.2018.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olsen CM, Childs DS, Stanwood GD, Winder DG. Operant sensation seeking requires metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). PLoS One. 2010;5(e15085). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015085.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrari G, Chauhan SK, Ueno H, Nallasamy N, Gandolfi S, Borges L, Dana R. A novel mouse model for neurotrophic keratopathy: trigeminal nerve stereotactic electrolysis through the brain. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(2532–2539). doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5688.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ronca SE, Smith J, Koma T, Miller MM, Yun N, Dineley KT, Paessler S. Mouse Model of Neurological Complications Resulting from Encephalitic Alphavirus Infection. Front Microbiol. 2017;8(188). doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00188.
   Google Scholar
• Blivis D, Haspel G, Mannes PZ, O’Donovan MJ, Iadarola MJ. Identification of a novel spinal nociceptive-motor gate control for Adelta pain stimuli in rats. Elife. 2017;6. doi:10.7554/eLife.23584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plotnikov MB, Chernysheva GA, Aliev OI, Smol’iakova VI, Fomina TI, Osipenko AN, Rydchenko VS, Anfinogenova YJ, Khlebnikov AI, Schepetkin IA, et al. Protective effects of a new C-Jun N-terminal Kinase inhibitor in the model of global cerebral ischemia in rats. Molecules. 2019;24. doi:10.3390/molecules24091722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neugebauer V, Han JS, Adwanikar H, Fu Y, Ji G. Techniques for assessing knee joint pain in arthritis. Mol Pain. 2007;3(8). doi:10.1186/1744-8069-3-8.
   Google Scholar
• O’Leary TP, Robertson A, Chipman PH, Rafuse VF, Brown RE. Motor function deficits in the 12 month-old female 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Behav Brain Res. 2018;337(256–263). doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.009.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fink SL, Cookson BT. Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells. Infect Immun. 2005;73(1907–1916). doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.1907-1916.2005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miao EA, Rajan JV, Aderem A. Caspase-1-induced pyroptotic cell death. Immunol Rev. 2011;243(206–214). doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01044.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang M, Antoine DJ, Weemhoff JL, Jenkins RE, Farhood A, Park BK, Jaeschke H. Biomarkers distinguish apoptotic and necrotic cell death during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Liver Transpl. 2014;20(1372–1382). doi:10.1002/lt.23958.
   Google Scholar
• Lourenco T, Paes de Faria J, Bippes CA, Maia J, Lopes-da-Silva JA, Relvas JB, Grãos M. Modulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation by combined biochemical and mechanical cues. Sci Rep. 2016;6(21563). doi:10.1038/srep21563.
   Google Scholar
• Esser ES, Romanyuk A, Vassilieva EV, Jacob J, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW, Skountzou I. Tetanus vaccination with a dissolving microneedle patch confers protective immune responses in pregnancy. J Control Release. 2016;236(47–56). doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.026.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oduyebo T, Polen KD, Walke H, Reagan-steiner S, Lathrop E, Rabe IB, Kuhnert-Tallman WL, Martin SW, Walker AT, Gregory CJ,  et al. Update: interim guidance for health care providers caring for pregnant women with possible Zika Virus Exposure — United States(Including U.S. Territories), July 2017. Morbidity and MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT. Surveil Summ. 2017;66:781–93.
   Google Scholar
• Cao-Lormeau VM, Blake A, Mons S, Lastère S, Roche C, Vanhomwegen J, Dub T, Baudouin L, Teissier A, Larre P, et al. Guillain-Barre Syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: a case-control study. Lancet. 2016;387(1531–1539). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00562-6
   Google Scholar
• Yun H, Rowe AM, Lathrop KL, Harvey SA, Hendricks RL. Reversible nerve damage and corneal pathology in murine herpes simplex stromal keratitis. J Virol. 2014;88(7870–7880). doi:10.1128/JVI.01146-14.
   Google Scholar
• Chucair-Elliott AJ, Zheng M, Carr DJ. Degeneration and regeneration of corneal nerves in response to HSV-1 infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(1097–1107). doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15596.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin-Acebes MA, Saiz JC, Jimenez de Oya N. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement and Zika: real Threat or Phantom Menace? Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:44. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miner JJ, Sene A, Richner JM, Smith AM, Santeford A, Ban N, Weger-Lucarelli J, Manzella F, Rückert C, Govero J, et al. Zika virus infection in mice causes panuveitis with shedding of virus in tears. Cell Rep. 2016;16(3208–3218). doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.079
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Langford DJ, Bailey AL, Chanda ML, Clarke SE, Drummond TE, Echols S, Glick S, Ingrao J, Klassen-Ross T, LaCroix-Fralish ML, et al. Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse. Nat Methods. 2010;7(447–449). doi:10.1038/nmeth.1455
   Google Scholar
• Matsumiya LC, Sorge RE, Sotocinal SG, Tabaka JM, Wieskopf JS, Zaloum A, King OD, Mogil JS. Using the Mouse Grimace Scale to reevaluate the efficacy of postoperative analgesics in laboratory mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2012;51:42–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ubogu EE. Inflammatory neuropathies: pathology, molecular markers and targets for specific therapeutic intervention. Acta Neuropathol. 2015;130(445–468). doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1466-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fulton D, Paez PM, Campagnoni AT. The multiple roles of myelin protein genes during the development of the oligodendrocyte. ASN Neuro. 2010;2(e00027). doi:10.1042/AN20090051.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Samad TA, Moore KA, Sapirstein A, Billet S, Allchorne A, Poole S, Bonventre JV, Woolf CJ. Interleukin-1beta-mediated induction of Cox-2 in the CNS contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Nature. 2001;410(471–475). doi:10.1038/35068566.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konnecke H, Bechmann I. The role of microglia and matrix metalloproteinases involvement in neuroinflammation and gliomas. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013(914104). doi:10.1155/2013/914104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Naik GS, Meena AK, Reddy BAK, Mridula RK, Jabeen SA, Borgohain R. Anti-ganglioside antibodies profile in Guillain-Barre syndrome: correlation with clinical features, electrophysiological pattern, and outcome. Neurol India. 2017;65(1001–1005). doi:10.4103/neuroindia.NI_1226_15
   Google Scholar
• Bell BA, Kaul C, Bonilha VL, Rayborn ME, Shadrach K, Hollyfield JG. The BALB/c mouse: effect of standard vivarium lighting on retinal pathology during aging. Exp Eye Res. 2015;135(192–205). doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.04.009.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh PK, Kasetti RB, Zode GS, Goyal A, Juzych MS, Kumar A. Zika Virus Infects Trabecular Meshwork and Causes Trabeculitis and Glaucomatous Pathology in Mouse Eyes. mSphere. 2019;4. doi:10.1128/mSphere.00173-19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manangeeswaran M, Kielczewski JL, Sen HN, Xu BC, Ireland DDC, McWilliams IL, Chan -C-C, Caspi RR, Verthelyi D. ZIKA virus infection causes persistent chorioretinal lesions. Emerg Microb Infect. 2018;7(96). doi:10.1038/s41426-018-0096-z.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ponomarenko NA, Durova OM, Vorobiev II, Belogurov AA, Kurkova IN, Petrenko AG, Telegin GB, Suchkov SV, Kiselev SL, Lagarkova MA, et al. Autoantibodies to myelin basic protein catalyze site-specific degradation of their antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(281–286). doi:10.1073/pnas.0509849103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paul LM, Carlin ER, Jenkins MM, Tan AL, Barcellona CM, Nicholson CO, Michael SF, Isern S. Dengue virus antibodies enhance Zika virus infection. Clin Transl Immunol. 2016;5(e117). doi:10.1038/cti.2016.72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Komagamine T, Matsuno K, Sakumoto Y, Takahashi H, Kokubun N, Yuki N, Hirata K. Immunohistochemical localization of the GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GQ1b gangliosides in the neuronal endings of rat muscle spindles. Arch Histol Cytol. 2013;74:31–40. doi:10.1679/aohc.74.31.
   Google Scholar
• Kopper TJ, Gensel JC. Myelin as an inflammatory mediator: myelin interactions with complement, macrophages, and microglia in spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res. 2018;96:969–77. doi:10.1002/jnr.24114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankola KA, Greig NH, Luo W, Tweedie D. Targeting TNF-alpha to elucidate and ameliorate neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2011;10:391–403. doi:10.2174/187152711794653751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P, Dai J, Bai F, Kong KF, Wong SJ, Montgomery RR, Madri JA, Fikrig E. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 facilitates West Nile virus entry into the brain. J Virol. 2008;82:8978–85. doi:10.1128/JVI.00314-08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori T, Miyamoto T, Yoshida H, Asakawa M, Kawasumi M, Kobayashi T, Morioka H, Chiba K, Toyama Y, Yoshimura A, et al. IL-1beta and TNFalpha-initiated IL-6-STAT3 pathway is critical in mediating inflammatory cytokines and RANKL expression in inflammatory arthritis. Int Immunol. 2011;23(701–712). doi:10.1093/intimm/dxr077
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ashley SL, Pretto CD, Stier MT, Kadiyala P, Castro-Jorge L, Hsu T-H, Doherty R, Carnahan KE, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR, et al. Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Infections by an Encephalitic Virus, Mouse Adenovirus Type 1. J Virol. 2017;91. doi:10.1128/JVI.01412-16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rempe RG, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. Matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and blood-brain barrier: versatile breakers and makers. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016;36(1481–1507). doi:10.1177/0271678X16655551.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song J, Wu C, Korpos E, Zhang X, Agrawal SM, Wang Y, Faber C, Schafers M, Korner H, Opdenakker G, et al. Focal MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity at the blood-brain barrier promotes chemokine-induced leukocyte migration. Cell Rep. 2015;10(1040–1054). doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.037
   Google Scholar
• DiSabato DJ, Quan N, Godbout JP. Neuroinflammation: the devil is in the details. J Neurochem. 2016;139(Suppl 2):136–53. doi:10.1111/jnc.13607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burmeister AR, Marriott I. The Interleukin-10 Family of Cytokines and Their Role in the CNS. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018;12(458). doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00458.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khaiboullina S, Uppal T, Kletenkov K, St. Jeor SC, Garanina E, Rizvanov A, Verma SC. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activation in Zika Virus Infected Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10(642). doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00642.
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura R, Sene A, Santeford A, Gdoura A, Kubota S, Zapata N, Apte RS. IL10-driven STAT3 signalling in senescent macrophages promotes pathological eye angiogenesis. Nat Commun. 2015;6(7847). doi:10.1038/ncomms8847.
   Google Scholar
• Baker BJ, Akhtar LN, Benveniste EN. SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the control of CNS immunity. Trends Immunol. 2009;30(392–400). doi:10.1016/j.it.2009.07.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar