Determinants of policy and uptake of national vaccine programs for pregnant women: results of mixed method study from Spain, Italy, and India

References

• UN. Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. New York (NY: United Nations); 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Lindsey B, Kampmann B, Jones C. Maternal immunization as a strategy to decrease susceptibility to infection in newborn infants. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013;26(3):248–53. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283607a58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu HY, Englund JA. Maternal immunization. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(4):560–68. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beigi RH, Fortner KB, Munoz FM, Roberts J, Gordon JL, Han HH, Glenn G, Dormitzer PR, Gu XX, Read JS, et al. Maternal immunization: opportunities for scientific advancement. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(Suppl 7):S408–14. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steedman MR, Kampmann B, Schillings E, Al Kuwari H, Strategies DA. To Boost Maternal Immunization To Achieve Further Gains In Improved Maternal And Newborn Health. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35(2):309–16. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaccines against influenza WHO position paper - November 2012. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012; 87: 461–76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Members of the Western Pacific Region Global Influenza Surveillance Response System. Seasonal influenza vaccine policies, recommendations and use in the World Health Organization's Western Pacific Region. Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2013;4(3):51–59. doi:10.5365/WPSAR.2013.4.1.009
   Google Scholar
• Neuzil KM, Bresee JS, de la Hoz F, Johansen K, Karron RA, Krishnan A, Madhi SA, Mangtani P, Spiro DJ, Ortiz JR, et al. Data and product needs for influenza immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries: rationale and main conclusions of the WHO preferred product characteristics for next-generation influenza vaccines. Vaccine. 2017;35(43):5734–37. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz JR, Perut M, Dumolard L, Wijesinghe PR, Jorgensen P, Ropero AM, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Heffelfinger JD, Tevi-Benissan C, Teleb NA, et al. A global review of national influenza immunization policies: analysis of the 2014 WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form on immunization. Vaccine. 2016;34(45):5400–05. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Seasonal influenza vaccination and antiviral use in EU/EEA Member States – overview of vaccine recommendations for 2017–2018 and vaccination coverage rates for 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 influenza seasons. Stockholm, Sweden: ECDC; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Tetanus vaccines: WHO position paper, February 2017 - Recommendations. Vaccine. 2018;36(25):3573–75. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechini A, Tiscione E, Boccalini S, Levi M, Bonanni P. Acellular pertussis vaccine use in risk groups (adolescents, pregnant women, newborns and health care workers): a review of evidences and recommendations. Vaccine. 2012;30(35):5179–90. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Perez D, Alvarez Garcia FJ, Alvarez Aldean J, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Garces Sanchez M, Garcia Sanchez N, et al. Immunisation schedule of the Spanish association of paediatrics: 2019 recommendations. An Pediatr (Barc). 2019;90(56):e1–e9.
   Google Scholar
• European centre for disease prevention and control. ECDC Vaccine Scheduler.
   Google Scholar
• Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, Hariri S, Bernstein H. Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: updated Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(3):77–83. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6903a5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system. 2019 global summary. World Health Organization; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Brillo E, Tosto V, Giardina I, Buonomo E. Maternal tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) and influenza immunization: an overview. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;1–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaswalla P, Poirrier JE, Packnett ER, Irwin DE, Gray SR, Buck PO. Maternal immunization in the U.S.: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(3):e87–e93. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Cano MI, Espada-Trespalacios X, Reyes-Lacalle A, Manresa Dominguez JM, Armadans-Gil L, Campins-Marti M, et al. Vaccination coverage against pertussis in pregnant women of Catalonia in the first year of implementation of the immunisation program. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2017;35:550–55.
   Google Scholar
• Ledent E, Gabutti G, de Bekker-grob EW, Alcazar Zambrano JL, Campins Marti M, Del Hierro Gurruchaga MT, Fernández Cruz MJ, Ferrera G, Fortunato F, Torchio P, et al. Attributes influencing parental decision-making to receive the Tdap vaccine to reduce the risk of pertussis transmission to their newborn - outcome of a cross-sectional conjoint experiment in Spain and Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(5):1080–91. doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1571890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moniz MH, Beigi RH. Maternal immunization. Clinical Experiences, Challenges, and Opportunities in Vaccine Acceptance. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10:2562–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz JR, Neuzil KM. Influenza immunization in low- and middle-income countries: preparing for next-generation influenza vaccines. J Infect Dis. 2019;219(Supplement_1):S97–S106. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz024.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lutz CS, Carr W, Cohn A, Rodriguez L. Understanding barriers and predictors of maternal immunization: identifying gaps through an exploratory literature review. Vaccine. 2018;36(49):7445–55. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson RJ, Paterson P, Jarrett C, Larson HJ. Understanding factors influencing vaccination acceptance during pregnancy globally: A literature review. Vaccine. 2015;33(47):6420–29. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bethancourt CN, Wang TL, Bocchini JA Jr. Vaccination during pregnancy: first line of defense for expecting mothers and vulnerable young infants. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2017;29:737–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrotra A, Fisher AK, Mullen J, Rodriguez L, Jiles AJ, Albert AP, Randall LA, Frew PM. Provider insight on surmounting specialty practice challenges to improve Tdap immunization rates among pregnant women. Heliyon. 2018;4(5):e00636. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergin N, Murtagh J, Philip RK. Maternal vaccination as an essential component of life-course immunization and its contribution to preventive neonatology. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vojtek I, Dieussaert I, Doherty TM, Franck V, Hanssens L, Miller J, Bekkat-Berkani R, Kandeil W, Prado-Cohrs D, Vyse A, et al. Maternal immunization: where are we now and how to move forward? Ann Med. 2018;50(3):193–208. doi:10.1080/07853890.2017.1421320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pathirana J, Nkambule J, Black S. Determinants of maternal immunization in developing countries. Vaccine. 2015;33(26):2971–77. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram N, Purohit V, Schaetti C, Kudale A, Joseph S, Weiss MG. Community awareness, use and preference for pandemic influenza vaccines in Pune, India. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(10):2376–88. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1062956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozawa S, Privor-Dumm LA, Nanni A, Durden E, Maiese BA, Nwankwo CU, et al. Evidence-to-policy gap on hepatitis A vaccine adoption in 6 countries: literature vs. Policymakers’ Beliefs. Vaccine. 2014;32:4089–96.
   Google Scholar
• Privor-Dumm L, Vasudevan P, Kobayashi K, Gupta J. Archetype analysis of older adult immunization decision-making and implementation in 34 countries. Vaccine. 2020;38(26):4170–82. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salud C. CALENDARIO COMÚN DE VACUNACIÓN A LO LARGO DE TODA LA VIDA Calendario recomendado año 2020. Spain; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Tuells J, Rodriguez-Blanco N, Duro Torrijos JL, Vila-Candel R, Nolasco Bonmati A. Vaccination of pregnant women in the Valencian Community during the 2014-15 influenza season: a multicentre study. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2018;31:344–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salute M. Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale 2017-2019. Italy; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Bonanni P, Chiamenti G, Conforti G, Maio T, Odone A, Russo R, Scotti S, Signorelli C, Villani A. The 2016 Lifetime Immunization Schedule, approved by the Italian scientific societies: A new paradigm to promote vaccination at all ages. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13(11):2531–37. doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1366394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministero della Salute. Vaccinazioni raccomandate per le donne in età fertile e in gravidanza. Aggiornamento novembre 2019. 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare GoINHM. Tetanus and adult diphtheria operational guidelines.New Delhi (India).
   Google Scholar
• Purohit V, Kudale A, Sundaram N, Joseph S, Schaetti C, Weiss MG. Public health policy and experience of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in Pune, India. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018;7(2):154–66. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• India FoOaGSo. Vaccination in Women. 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Balasubramanian S, Shah A, Pemde HK, Chatterjee P, Shivananda S, Guduru VK, Soans S, Shastri D, Kumar R. Indian academy of pediatrics (IAP) advisory committee on vaccines and immunization practices (ACVIP) recommended immunization schedule (2018-19) and update on immunization for children aged 0 through 18 years. Indian Pediatr. 2018;55(12):1066–74. doi:10.1007/s13312-018-1444-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Cano MI, Armadans Gil L, Campins Marti M. Cost-benefit of the introduction of new strategies for vaccination against pertussis in Spain: cocooning and pregnant vaccination strategies. Vaccine. 2015;33(19):2213–20. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benes O Dealing with vaccine shortages: current situation and ongoing activities Impact of shortages and solutions set up by countries In: V-pDaIVDWHOROf, ed. Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (2016). Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Gurnani V, Haldar P, Aggarwal MK, Das MK, Chauhan A, Murray J, Arora NK, Jhalani M, Sudan P. Improving vaccination coverage in India: lessons from Intensified Mission Indradhanush, a cross-sectoral systems strengthening strategy. BMJ. 2018;363:k4782. doi:10.1136/bmj.k4782.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Njuguna HN, Yusuf N, Raza AA, Ahmed B, Tohme RA. Progress toward maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination - Worldwide, 2000-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(17):515–20. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6917a2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministerio de Sanidad CyB, Gobierno de Espana. TdaP coverage rates in pregnant women by autonomous community. 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Blanco N, Tuells J, Vila-Candel R, Nolasco A. Adherence and concordance of influenza and pertussis vaccination coverage in pregnant women in Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Blanco N, Tuells J. Knowledge and attitudes about the flu vaccine among pregnant women in the valencian community (Spain). Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilca LM, Martinez C, Burballa M, Campins M. Maternal care providers’ barriers regarding influenza and pertussis vaccination during pregnancy in Catalonia, Spain. Matern Child Health J. 2018;22(7):1016–24. doi:10.1007/s10995-018-2481-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napolitano F, Napolitano P, Angelillo IF. Seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in Italy. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):48. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2138-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilca LM, Cesari E, Tura AM, Di Stefano A, Vidiri A, Cavaliere AF, Cetin I. Barriers and facilitators regarding influenza and pertussis maternal vaccination uptake: A multi-center survey of pregnant women in Italy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020;247:10–15. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.02.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner AL, Masters NB, Domek GJ, Mathew JL, Sun X, Asturias EJ, et al. Comparisons of vaccine hesitancy across five low- and middle-income countries. Vaccines (Basel). 2019;7.
   Google Scholar
• Wiot F, Shirley J, Prugnola A, Di Pasquale A, Philip R. Challenges facing vaccinators in the 21 st century: results from a focus group qualitative study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(12):2806–15. doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1621147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Alessandro A, Napolitano F, D’Ambrosio A, Angelillo IF. Vaccination knowledge and acceptability among pregnant women in Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(7):1573–79. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1483809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Martino M. Dismantling the taboo against vaccines in pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gualano MR, Bert F, Voglino G, Buttinelli E, D’Errico MM, De Waure C, Di Giovanni P, Fantini MP, Giuliani AR, Marranzano M, et al. Attitudes towards compulsory vaccination in Italy: results from the NAVIDAD multicentre study. Vaccine. 2018;36(23):3368–74. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Pietro A, Visalli G, Antonuccio GM, Facciola A. Today’s vaccination policies in Italy: the National plan for vaccine prevention 2017-2019 and the Law 119/2017 on the mandatory vaccinations. Ann Ig. 2019;31:54–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchetti F, Vilca LM, Cetin I. Insights and expectations for Tdap vaccination of pregnant women in Italy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;1–8. doi:10.1080/14767058.2019.1659240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowling BJ, Caini S, Chotpitayasunondh T, Djauzi S, Gatchalian SR, Huang QS, Koul PA, Lee P-I, Muttalif AR, Plotkin S, et al. Influenza in the Asia-Pacific region: findings and recommendations from the global influenza initiative. Vaccine. 2017;35(6):856–64. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination: validation survey in 4 States and 2 union territories in India, May 2015. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2015; 90: 589–608.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Furer V, Rondaan C, Heijstek MW, Agmon-Levin N, van Assen S, Bijl M, Breedveld FC, D’Amelio R, Dougados M, Kapetanovic MC, et al. 2019 update of EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(1):39–52. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel MK, Goel M, Khanna P, Mittal K. Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine: an update. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2011;29(1):13–18. doi:10.4103/0255-0857.76517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi J, Das MK, Polpakara D, Aneja S, Agarwal M, Arora NK. Vaccine safety and surveillance for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in India. Indian J Pediatr. 2018;85(2):139–48. doi:10.1007/s12098-017-2532-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochhar S, Edwards KM, Ropero Alvarez AM, Moro PL, Ortiz JR. Introduction of new vaccines for immunization in pregnancy - Programmatic, regulatory, safety and ethical considerations. Vaccine. 2019;37(25):3267–77. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiffman J, Smith S. Generation of political priority for global health initiatives: a framework and case study of maternal mortality. Lancet. 2007;370(9595):1370–79. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61579-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar