Effect of active components on strength development in alkali-activated low calcium fly ash cements

References

• Duxson P, Fernandez-Jimenez A, Provis JL, et al. Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art. J Mater Sci. 2007;42:2917–3293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Deventer JSJ, Provis JL, Duxon P, et al. Reaction mechanisms in the geopolymeric conversion of inorganic waste to useful products. J Hazard Mater. 2007;139:506–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Jimenez A, Palomo A. Composition and microstructure of alkali-activated fly ash binder: effect of the activator. Cem Concr Res. 2005;35:1984–1992.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi C, Fernandez-Jimenez A, Palomo A, New cements for the 21st century: the pursuit of an alternative to Portland cement. Cem Concr Res. 2011;41:750–763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovalchuk G, Fernandez-Jimenez A, Palomo A. Alkali-activated fly ash: effect of thermal curing conditions on mechanical and microstructural development-part II. Fuel. 2007;86:315–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Jaarsveld JGS, van Deventer JSJ, Lukey GC. The effect of composition and temperature on the properties of fly ash- and kaolinite-based geopolymers. J Chem Eng. 2002;89:63–73.
   Google Scholar
• Somna K, Jaturapitakkul C, Kajitvichyanukul P, et al. NaOH activated ground fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature. Fuel. 2011;90:2118–2124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palomo A, Alonso S, Fernandez-Jimenez A, Alkaline activation of fly ashes: NMR study of the reaction products. J Am Ceram Soc. 2004;87:1141–1145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criado M, Fernandez-Jimenez A, Sobrados I, et al. Effect of relative humidity on the reaction products of alkali-activated fly ash. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2012;32:2799–2807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criado M, Fernandez-Jimenez A, Palomo A. Alkali activation of fly ash. Part III: effect of curing conditions on reaction and its graphical description. Fuel. 2010;89:3185–3192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryu GS, Lee YB, Koh KT, et al. The mechanical properties of fly ash-based geoploymer concrete with alkaline activators. Constr Build Mater. 2013;47:409–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leong HY, Ong DEL, Sanjayan JG, et al. The effect of different Na2O and K2O ratios of alkali activator on compressive strength of fly ash based-geopolymer. Constr Build Mater. 2016;106:500–511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palomo A, Grutzeck MW, Blanco MT. Alkali-activated fly ashes a cement for the future. Cem Concr Res. 1999;29:1323–1329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie Z, Yunping X. Hardening mechanisms of an alkaline-activated class F fly ash. Cem Concr Res. 2001;31:1245–1249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duxson P, Provis JL, Lukey GC, et al. Understanding the relationship between geopolymer composition, microstructure and mechanical properties. Colloids Surf A. 2005;269:47–58.
   Google Scholar
• Komljenovi M, Bascarevic Z, Bradic V. Mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash geopolymers. J Hazard Mater. 2010;181:35–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardjito D, Rangan BV. Development and properties of low-calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Perth, (AU): Australia Curtin University of Technology; 2005. p. 48.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan HE, Ismail N. Effect of process parameters on the performance of fly ash/GGBS blended geopolymer composites. J Sustain Cem Based Mater. 2018;7(2):122–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criado M, Fernandez-Jimenez A, de la Torre AG, et al. An XRD study of the effect of the SiO2/Na2O ratio on the alkali activation of fly ash. Cem Concr Res. 2007;37:671–679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhagath Singh GVP, Subramaniam KVL. Characterization of Indian fly ashes using different experimental Techniques. Indian Concrete J. 2018;92:10–23.
   Google Scholar
• Aughenbaugh KL, Williamson T, Juenger MCG. Critical evaluation of strength prediction methods for alkali-activated fly ash. Mater Struct. 2015;48:607–620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang JG, Lee HK. Effect of fly ash characteristics on delayed high-strength development of Geopolymers. Constr Build Mater. 2016;102:260–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Provis JL, Zou J, et al. Towards an indexing approach to evaluate fly ashes for geopolymer manufacture. Cem Concr Res. 2016;85:163–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Jimenez A, Palomo A, Sobrados I, et al. The role played by the reactive alumina content in the alkaline activation of fly ashes. Micropor Mesopor Mater. 2006;91:111–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tennakoon C, De Silva P, Sagoe-Crentsil K, et al. Influence and role of feedstock Si and Al content in Geopolymer synthesis. J Sustain Cem Mater. 2015;4(2):129–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Indian Standards, Pulverized Fuel Ash-Specification, IS 3812-part 1. 2003. Manak Bhavan, New Delhi.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C 618, Standard Specificationfor Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete. 2015. West Conshohocken, PA.
   Google Scholar
• IS 1727-1967 (Reaffirmed 2004), Methods of test for pozzolanic materials, IS 1727. Manak Bhavan, New Delhi.
   Google Scholar
• Bhagath Singh GVP, Subrahmanyam CH, Subramaniam KVL. Studies on Alkali dissolution of the glassy phase in low calcium fly ash. Adv Cem Res. 2018;30(7):313–322.
   Google Scholar
• Bhagath Singh GVP, Subramaniam KVL. Quantitative XRD analysis of binary blends of siliceous fly ash and hydrated cement. J Mater Civ Eng. 2016;28(8):1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez Jimenez A, de la Torre AG, Palomo A, et al. Quantitative determination of phases in alkaline activation of fly ashes. Part I. Potential reactivity of the ashes. Fuel. 2006;85:625–634. 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhagath Singh GVP, Subramaniam KVL. Quantitative XRD study of amorphous phase in alkali-activated low calcium siliceous fly ash. Constr Build Mater. 2016;124:139–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawley GS, Unit-cell refinement from powder diffraction scans. J Appl Crystallogr. 1981;14:357–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhagath Singh GVP, Subramaniam KVL. Direct decomposition x-ray diffraction method for amorphous phase quantification and glassy phase determination in binary blends of siliceous fly ash and hydrated cement. J Sustain Cem Based Mater. 2017;6(2):111–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powder Diffraction File-2, International Centre for Diffraction Data. Frank McClune, ed. 12 Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA, 19073–3272. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Bakharev T. Geopolymeric materials prepared using class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing. Cem Concr Res. 2005;35:1224–1232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criado M, Palomo A, Fernandez-Jimenez A. Alkali activation of fly ashes. Part 1: effect of curing conditions on the carbonation of the reaction products. Fuel. 2005;84:2048–2054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh JE, Jun Y, Jeong Y. Characterization of geopolymers from compositionally and physically different class F fly ashes. Cem Concr Compos. 2014;50:16–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Songpiriyakij S, Kubprasit T, Jaturapitakkul C, et al. Compressive strength and degree of reaction of biomass- and fly ash-based geopolymer. Constr Build Mater. 2010;24:236–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadziri N, Ismail I, Hamdan S. Binding gel characterization of alkali-activated binders based on palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and fly ash. J Sustain Cem Mater. 2017;103:1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Yang T, Yao X, Zhang Z, et al. Mechanical property and structure of alkali-activated fly ash and slag blends. J Sustain Cem Mater. 2012;1(4):167–178.
   Google Scholar
• Provis JL, Van Deventer JSJ, Alkali-activated materials, state of the art, RILEM TC 224-AAM, New York (NY): Springer; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Van Deventer JSJ, San Nicolas R, Ismail I, et al. Microstructure and durability of alkali-activated materials as key parameters for standardization. J Sustain Cem Mater. 2015;4(2):116–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar