Effect of fly ash on compressive strength and chloride binding of seawater-mixed mortars

References

• Malhotra VM, Mehta PK. High-performance, high-volume fly ash concrete: materials, mixture proportioning, properties, construction practice, and case histories. Ottawa, Canada: Supplementary cementing materials for sustainable development Inc.; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Tiwari P, Chandak R, Yadav RK. Effect of salt water on compressive strength of concrete. Int J Eng Res Appl. 2014;4(4):38–42.
   Google Scholar
• Akinkurolere OO, Jiang C, Shobola OM. The influence of salt water on the compressive strength of concrete. J Eng Appl Sci. 2007;2(2):412–415.
   Google Scholar
• Li Q, Geng H, Shui Z, et al. Effect of metakaolin addition and seawater mixing on the properties and hydration of concrete. Appl Clay Sci. 2015;115:510–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegian FM. Effect of seawater for mixing and curing on structural concrete. IES J Part A: Civ Struct Eng. 2010;3(4):235–243.
   Google Scholar
• Mbadike EM, Elinwa AU. Effect of salt water in the production of concrete. Niger J Technol. 2011;30(2):105–110.
   Google Scholar
• Otsuki N, Furuya D, Saito T, et al. Possibility of seawater as mixing water in concrete. 36th Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures; 2011 August 14–16; Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed TU, Hamada H, Yamaji T. Performance of seawater mixed concrete in the tidal environment. Cem Concr Res. 2004;34:593–601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Farzadnia N, Shi C. The role of seawater in interaction of slag and silica fume with cement in low water-to-binder ratio pastes at the early age of hydration. Constr Build Mater. 2018;185:508–518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa Y, Fukutome K, Otsuki N, et al. Strength development of fly ash concrete using seawater as mixing water. Cem Sci Concr Technol. 2014;68:315–322.
   Google Scholar
• Glass GK, Hassanein NM, Buenfeld NR. Neural network modelling of chloride binding. Mag Concr Res. 1997;49(118):323–335.
   Google Scholar
• Lin G, Liu YH, Xiang ZH. Numerical modeling for predicting service life of reinforced concrete structures exposed to chloride environments. Cem Concr Compos. 2010;32(8):571–579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath PF. Development of test methods for predicting chloride penetration into high performance concrete. Toronto: University of Toronto; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan Q, Shi C, De Schutter G, et al. Chloride binding of cement-based materials subjected to external chloride environment: a review. Constr Build Mater. 2009;23(1):1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koleva DA, Hu J, Fraaij ALA, et al. Microstructural analysis of plain and reinforced mortars under chloride-induced deterioration. Cem Concr Res. 2007;37(4):604–617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Weerdt K, Justnes H. The effect of sea water on the phase assemblage of hydrated cement paste. Cem Concr Compos. 2015;55(1):215–222.
   Google Scholar
• TxDoT. Determination of chloride in concrete. Texas, USA: Construction division, Texas department of transportation; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Naik TR, Singh SS, Hossain MM. Permeability of concrete containing large amounts of fly ash. Cem Concr Res. 1994;24(5):913–922.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaikh FUA, Supit S, Sarker P. A study on the effect of nano silica on compressive strength of high volume fly ash mortar and concrete. Mater Des. 2014;60:433–442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddique R. Performance characteristics of high-volume class F fly ash concrete. Cem Concr Res. 2004;34(3):487–493.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Supit SWM, Shaikh FUA. Durability properties of high volume fly ash concretes containing nano silica. Mater Struct. 2015;48:2413–2445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frederiksen JM. Chloride threshold values for service life design. RILEM workshop, September 2000; Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Suryavanshi AK, Scantlebury JD, Lyon SB. Mechanism of Friedel’s salt formation in cements rich in tri-calcium aluminate. Cem Concr Res. 1996;26(5):717–727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balonis M, Louthenbach B, Le-Saout G, et al. Impact of chloride on the minerology of hydrated Portland cement systems. Cem Concr Res. 2010;40(7):1009–1022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skalny J, Maycock J. Mechanisms of acceleration by calcium chloride: a review. J Test Eval. 1975;3(4):303–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scrivener KL, Juilland P, Monteiro PJ. Advances in understanding hydration of Portland cement. Cem Concr Res. 2015;78:38–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Y, Shi G, Liu Y, et al. Study on the effect of chloride ion on the early age hydration process of concrete by a non-contact monitoring method. Constr Build Mater. 2018;172:499–508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng J, Easterbrook D, Liu Q, et al. Effect of carbonation on release of bound chlorides in chloride contaminated concrete. Mag Concr Res. 2015; 68(7):1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Arya C, Xu Y. Effect of cement type on chloride binding and corrosion of steel in concrete. Cem Concr Res. 1995;25:893–902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas M, Hooton RD, Scott A, et al. The effect of supplementary cementitious materials on chloride binding in hardened cement paste. Cem Concr Res. 2012;42:1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh BH, Jang SY, Shin YS. Experimental investigation of the threshold chloride concentration for corrosion initiation in reinforced concrete structures. Mag Concr Res. 2003;55(2):117–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar