Evaluation of force exerted by tetrapods displaced by tsunami on caisson breakwater return wall

References

• Aniel-Quiroga, I., C. Vidal, J. L. Lara, and M. González. 2019. “Pressures on a Rubble-mound Breakwater Crown-wall for Tsunami Impact.” Coastal Engineering 152: 103522. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.103522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aniel-Quiroga, I., C. Vidal, J. L. Lara, M. González, and A. Sainz. 2018. “Stability of Rubble-mound Breakwaters under Tsunami First Impact and Overflow Based on Laboratory Experiments.” Coast. EngCoastal Engineering 135: 39–54. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.01.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arikawa, T., D. Ohtsubo, F. Nakano, K. Shimosako, and N. Ishikawa. 2007. “Large Model Tests of Drifting Container Impact Force Due to Surge Front Tsunami.” Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 54: 846–850. in Japanese. doi:10.2208/proce1989.54.846.
   Google Scholar
• Arikawa, T., M. Ikebe, N. Oosaki, and K. Shimosako. 2004. “Experimental Study on Caisson Wall Frctur Due to a Collision Force of Wave-dissipating Concrete Block.” Proceesings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 51: 741–745. in Japanese. doi:10.2208/proce1989.51.741.
   Google Scholar
• Arikawa, T., T. Oda, T. Kuroda, and K. Shimosako. 2003. “Large Scale Experiment on Caisson Wall Collision Force Due to Wave-dissipating Concrete Blocks.” Proceesings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 50: 716–720. in Japanese. doi:10.2208/proce1989.50.716.
   Google Scholar
• ASCE. 2016. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. Reston, Virginia: American Society of Civil Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• Breakwaters against Tsunami”. Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ICCE), Santander, Spain.
   Google Scholar
• Chau, K., and J. Bao. 2010. “Hydrodynamic Analysis of Boulder Transportation on Phi-Phi Island during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.”
   Google Scholar
• Esteban, M., H. Takagi, and T. Shibayama. 2007. “Improvement in Calculation of Resistance Force on Caisson Sliding Due to Tilting.” Coastal Engineering Journal 49 (4): 417–441. doi: 10.1142/S0578563407001678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteban, M., I. Morikubo, T. Shibayama, R. Aranguiz Muñoz, T. Mikami, N. Danh Thao, K. Ohira, and A. Ohtani. 2012a. “Stability of Rubble Mound Breakwaters against Solitary Waves.” Proc. of 33nd Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Santander, Spain. doi:10.9753/icce.v33.structures.9.
   Google Scholar
• Esteban, M., N. Danh Thao, H. Takagi, and T. Shibayama. 2008. “Laboratory Experiments on the Sliding Failure of a Caisson Breakwater Subjected to Solitary Wave Attack.” PACOMS-ISOPE Conference, Bangkok, Thailand.
   Google Scholar
• Esteban, M., N. Danh Thao, H. Takagi, and T. Shibayama. 2009. “Pressure Exerted by a Solitary Wave on the ubble Mound Foundation of an Armoured Caisson Breakwater.” 19th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Osaka.
   Google Scholar
• Esteban, M., R. Jayaratne, T. Mikami, I. Morikubo, T. Shibayama, N. Danh Thao, and K. Ohira, et al. 2014. “Stability Of Breakwater Armour Units against Tsunami Attack.” Journal of Waterways, Ports, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 140 :188–198. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteban, M., T. Glasbergen, T. Takabatake, B. Hofland, S. Nishizaki, Y. Nishida, J. Stolle, et al. 2017. “Overtopping of Coastal Structures by Tsunami Waves.” Geosciences 7 (4): 121. doi:10.3390/geosciences7040121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goda, Y. 1985. Random Seas and Design of Maritime Structures. Tokyo, Japan: University of Tokyo Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goda, Y., and H. Takagi. 2000. “A Reliability Design Method of Caisson Breakwaters with Optimal Wave Heights.” Coastal Engineering Journal 42 (4): 357–388. doi:10.1142/S0578563400000183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haehnel, R. B., and S. F. Daly. 2004. “Maximum Impact Force of Woody Debris on Floodplain Structures.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 130: 112–120. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:2(112).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanzawa, M., A. Matsumoto, and H. Tanaka. 2012. Stability of Wave-Dissipating Concrete Blocks of Detached.
   Google Scholar
• Hoby, P. M., N. Sajikumar, and K. S. Suman. 2015. “Probabilistic Optimal Design of Rubble-Mound Breakwater.” Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 141 (4): 06015002. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofland, B., S. S. Arefin, C. van der Lem, and M. van Gent. 2018. “Smart Rocking Armour Units.” In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science (Coastlab18). Santander, Spain, May 22- 26, 2018
   Google Scholar
• Ikeno, M., and H. Tanaka. 2003. “Experimental Study on Impulse Force of Drift Body and Tsunami Running up to Land.” Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 50: 721–725.
   Google Scholar
• Ikeno, M., N. Mori, and H. Tanaka. 2001. “Experimental Study on Tsunami Force and Impulsive Force by a Drifter under Breaking Bore like Tsunamis.” Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 48: 846–850.
   Google Scholar
• Jayaratne, M. P. R., B. Premaratne, A. Adewale, T. Mikami, S. Matsuba, T. Shibayama, M. Esteban, and I. Nistor. 2016. “Failure Mechanisms and Local Scour at Coastal Structures Induced by Tsunami.” Coastal Engineering Journal 58: 04. doi:10.1142/S0578563416400179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato, F., Y. Suwa, K. Watanabe, and S. Hatogai. 2012. “Mechanism of Coastal Dike Failure Induced by the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami.” Proc. of 33nd Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering Santander, Spain.
   Google Scholar
• Matsutomi, H. 1999. “A Practical Formula for Estimating Impulsive Force Due to Driftwoods and Variation Features of the Impulsive Force.” Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu 1999 (621): 111–127. doi:10.2208/jscej.1999.621_111.
   Google Scholar
• Matsutomi, H. 2009. “Method for Estimating Collision Force of Driftwood Accompanying Tsunami Inundation Flow.” Journal of Disaster Research 4: 435–440. doi:10.20965/jdr.2009.p0435.
   Google Scholar
• Mikami, T., T. Shibayama, M. Esteban, and R. Matsumaru. 2012. “Field Survey of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami in Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures.” Coastal Engineering Journal 54 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1142/S0578563412500118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizutani, N., S. Yamaguchi, T. Tomita, and S. Miyajima. 2005. “Experimental Study on Behavior of Container on Apron Due to Tsunami and Its Impact Load.” Proc., 15th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf.. Mountain View, CA, 750–756.
   Google Scholar
• Mizutani, S., and F. Imamura. 2000. “Hydraulic Experimental Study on Wave Force of a Bore Acting on a Structure.” Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE 47: 946–950.
   Google Scholar
• Mori, N., and T. Takahashi. 2012. “The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group (2012) Nationwide Survey of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami.” Coastal Engineering Journal 54 (1): 1–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagi, T., K. Kosa, and T. Sato. 2017. “Tsunami Behavior Acting to Bridge in North Iwate Prefecture.” Journal of Structural Engineering, A 63A: 363–372. doi:10.11532/structcivil.63A.363.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency (NRIFS). 2012. “A Survey Report on Damage of Earthquake and Tsunami to Fishery Ports and Facilities Due to the Great East Japan Earthquake (First Report).” 138. Accessed 20 April 2019. https://www.fra.affrc.go.jp/eq/repo_res/report01.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Novak, P., V. Guinot, A. Jeffrey, and D. Reeve. 2018. Hydraulic Modelling: An Introduction: Principles, Methods and Applications. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oumeraci, H. 1984. “Scale Effects in Coastal Hydraulic Models.” Symposium on Scale Effects in Modelling Hydraulic Structures, edited by H. Kobus, 7.10-1 – 7.10–7. International Association for Hydraulic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Oumeraci, H., N. W. H. Allsop, M. B. de Groot, R. S. Crouch, and J. K. Vrijling. 1999. “Probabilistic Design Tools for Vertical Breakwaters (MAST III PROVERBS). Leichtweiß-Institut Für Wasserbau.” Braunschweig (Germany).
   Google Scholar
• Sakakiyama, T. 2012. “Stability of Armour Units of Rubble Mound Breakwater against Tsunamis.” Proc. of 32nd Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Santander, Spain.
   Google Scholar
• Sanuki, H., R. Takemori, Y. Tajima, and S. Sato. 2013. “Study on Tsunami Flooding in River Based on Video Images and Numerical Simulation.” Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 69 (2): I_196-I_200. doi:10.2208/kaigan.69.I_196.
   Google Scholar
• Shafiei, S., B. W. Melville, A. Y. Shamseldin, S. Beskhyroun, and K. N. Adams. 2016. “Measurements of Tsunami-borne Debris Impact on Structures Using an Embedded Accelerometer.” Journal of Hydraulic Research 54: 1–15. doi:10.1080/00221686.2016.1170071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibayama, T., M. Esteban, I. Nistor, H. Takgi, N. D. Thao, R. Matsumaru, T. Mikami, R. Aranguiz, R. Jayaratne, and K. Ohira. 2013. “Classification of Tsunami and Evacuation Areas.” Natural Hazards 67 (2): 365–386. doi:10.1007/s11069-013-0567-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimosako, K., and S. Takahashi. 2000. “Application of the Expected Sliding Distance Method for Composite Breakwater Design.” Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering 1885–1898.
   Google Scholar
• Stolle, J., C. Derschum, N. Goseberg, I. Nistor, and E. Petriu. 2018a. “Debris Impact under Extreme Hydrodynamic Conditions Part 2: Impact Force Responses for Non-rigid Debris Collisions.” Coastal Engineering 141: 107–118. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.09.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolle, J., N. Goseberg, I. Nistor, and E. Petriu. 2019a. “Debris Impact Forces on Flexible Structures in Extreme Hydrodynamic Conditions.” Journal of Fluids and Structures 84: 391–407. doi:10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2018.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolle, J., T. Takabatake, G. Hamano, H. Ishii, K. Iimura, T. Shibayama, I. Nistor, N. Goseberg, and E. Petriu. 2019b. “Debris Transport over a Sloped Surface in Tsunami-like Flow Conditions.” Coastal Engineering Journal 61: 241–255. doi:10.1080/21664250.2019.1586288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolle, J., T. Takabatake, I. Nistor, T. Mikami, S. Nishizaki, G. Hamano, I. Ishii, T. Shibayama, N. Goseberg, and E. Petriu. 2018b. “Experimental Investigation of Debris Damming Loads under Transient Supercritical Flow Conditions.” Coastal Engineering 139: 16–31. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.04.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolle, J., T. Takabatake, T. Mikami, T. Shibayama, N. Goseberg, I. Nistor, and E. Petriu. 2017. “Experimental Investigation of Debris-Induced Loading in Tsunami-Like Flood Events.” Geosciences 7 (3): 74. doi:10.3390/geosciences7030074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takabatake, T., P. St-Germain, I. Nistor, J. Stolle, and T. Shibayama. 2019. “Numerical Modelling of Coastal Inundation from Cascadia Subduction Zone Tsunamis and Implications for Coastal Communities on Western Vancouver Island, Canada, Natural Hazards.” 1–25. doi10.1007/s11069-019-03614-3.
   Google Scholar
• Tanimoto, K., K. Furakawa, and H. Nakamura. 1996. “Hydraulic Resistant Force and Sliding Distance Model at Sliding of a Vertical Caisson, Proc.” Coastal Engineering, JSCE 43: 846–850. in Japanese.
   Google Scholar
• Tanimoto, L., K. Tsuruya, and S. Nakano. 1984. “Tsunami Force of Nihonkai-Chubu Earthquake in 1983 and Cause of Revetment Damage.” Proceeding of the 31st Japanese Conference on Coastal Engineering, JSCE.
   Google Scholar
• Titov, V. V., and C. E. Synolakis. 1997. “Extreme Inundation Flows during the Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki Tsunami.” Geophysical Research Letters 24: 1315–1318. doi:10.1029/97GL01128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Army Coastal Engineering Research Center. 1977. “Shore Protection Manual.”
   Google Scholar
• Van der Meer, J. W. 1987. “Stability of Breakwater Armour Layers.” Coastal Engineering 11: 219–239.
   Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi, T., M. Beppu, and T. Ohno. 2003. “Experimental Study on Phenomena on Upright Wall Exerted by Collision Force of Wave Dissipation Block Subjected to Wave Breaking Impact, Proc.” Coastal Engineering, JSCE 50 (711–715). in Japanese doi:10.2208/proce1989.50.711.
   Google Scholar