References
- Aichi Prefecture. 2014. “Expected Flood of Storm Surge”. Japan, Aichi Prefecture, kaisetsusyo1.pdf, 12p. (Accessed 20 December 2019). https://www.pref.aichi.jp/soshiki/kowan/0000077972.html
- Amante, C., and B. W. Eakins. 2009. “ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis.” NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24, 19p
- Bhatia, K. T., G. A. Vecchi, T. R. Knutson, H. Murakami, J. Kossin, K. W. Dixon, and C. E. Whitlock. 2019. “Recent Increase in Tropical Cyclone Intensification Rates.” Nature Communications 10, article number 635. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08471-z.
- Bister, M., and K. A. Emanuel. 1998. “Dissipative Heating and Hurricane Intensity.” Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 65 (3–4): 233–240. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01030791.
- Bister, M., and K. A. Emanuel. 2002. “Low Frequency Variability of Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity: 1. Interannual to Interdecadal Variability.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 107 (D24): 4801. doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000776.
- Colon, J. A. 1963. “On the Evolution of the Wind Field during the Life Cycle of Tropical Cyclones.” National Hurricane Research Project Report Archive, Report No. 65, 36 pp.
- Danielson, J.J., and D.B. Gesch 2011. “Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010)”: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011–1073, 26 p., doi: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111073.
- Dudhia, J. 1993. “A Nonhydrostatic Version of the Penn State-NCAR Mesoscale Model: Validation Test and Simulation of an Atlantic Cyclone and Cold Front.” Monthly Weather Review 121 (5): 1493–1513. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1493:ANVOTP>2.0.CO;2.
- Emanuel, K. A., C. DesAutels, C. Holloway, and R. Korty. 2004. “Environmental Control of Tropical Cyclone Intensity.” Journal of Atmospheric Science 61 (7): 843–858. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0843:ECOTCI>2.0.CO;2.
- Emanuel, K. A. 1988. “The Maximum Intensity of Hurricanes.” Journal of Atmospheric Science 45 (7): 1143–1155. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<1143:TMIOH>2.0.CO;2.
- Fairall, C. W., J. D. Kepert, and G. J. Holland. 1994. “The Effect of Sea Spray on Surface Energy Transports over the Ocean.” The Global Atmosphere and Ocean System 2: 121–142.
- Frank, W., M., and E., A. Ritchie. 2001. “Effects of Vertical Wind Shear on the Intensity and Structure of Numerically Simulated Hurricanes.” Monthly Weather Review 129 (9): 2249–2269. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2249:EOVWSO>2.0.CO;2.
- Gray, W. M. 1968. “Global View of the Origin of Tropical Disturbances and Storms.” Monthly Weather Review 96 (10): 669–700. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1968)096<0669:GVOTOO>2.0.CO;2.
- Holland, G. J. 1997. “The Maximum Potential Intensity of Tropical Cyclones.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 54 (21): 2519–2541. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2519:TMPIOT>2.0.CO;2.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fifth Assessment Report, Working Group I. 2013a. “Climate Phenomena and Their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change.” Chap. 14 in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, edited by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Accessed 10 November 2021. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/climate-phenomena-and-their-relevance-for-future-regional-climate-change/
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fifth Assessment Report, Working Group I. 2013b. “Summary for Policymakers.” in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, edited by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Accessed 10 November 2021. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/summary-for-policymakers/
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, 1535. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
- Japan Meteorological Agency. 2018. “Statistical Data of Typhoons”. (Accessed 10 December 2019). http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/typhoon/statistics/index.html
- Kaplan, J., C. M. Rozoff, M. Demaria, C. R. Sampson, J. P. Kossin, C. S. Velden, J. J. Cione, et al. 2015. “Evaluating Environmental Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Predictability Utilizing Statistical Models.” Weather and Forecasting 30 (5): 1374–1396. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-15-0032.1.
- Knutson, T. R., J. Sirutis, M. Zhao, R. Tuleya, M. Bender, G. Vecchi, G. Villarini, and D. Chavas. 2015. “Global Projections of Intense Tropical Cyclone Activity for the Late Twenty-First Century from Dynamical Downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4.5 Scenarios.” Journal of Climate 28 (18): 7203–7224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0129.1.
- Lin, I. I., C. C. Wu, I. F. Pun, and D. S. Ko. 2008. “Upper-Ocean Thermal Structure and the Western North Pacific Category 5 Typhoons: Part I: Ocean Feature and the Category 5 Typhoons’ Intensification.” Monthly Weather Review 136 (9): 3288–3306. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2277.1.
- Mainelli, M., M. Demaria, L. K. Shay, and G. Goni. 2008. “Application of Oceanic Heat Content Estimation to Operational Forecasting of Recent Atlantic Category 5 Hurricanes.” Weather and Forecasting 23 (1): 3–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/2007WAF2006111.1.
- Metro, Tokyo. 2018. Area of Expected Flood of Storm Surge. Japan: Tokyo Metro. material3.pdf, 22. http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2018/03/30/03.html Accessed 20 December 2019.
- Mitsuta, Y., and T. Fulii. 1987. “Analysis and Synthesis of Typhoon Wind Pattern over Japan.” Bulletin of the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University 37 (4): 169–185.
- Mizuta, R., O. Arakawa, T. Ose, S. Kusunoki, H. Endo, and A. Kitoh. 2014. “Classification of CMIP5 Future Climate Responses by the Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Changes.” Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere 10: 167–171. doi:https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2014-035.
- Mori, N., N. Ariyoshi, T. Shimura, T. Miyashita, and J. Ninomiya. 2021. “Future Projection of Maximum Potential Storm Surge Height at Three Major Bays in Japan Using the Maximum Potential Intensity of a Tropical Cyclone.” Climate Change 164 (3–4): 25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-02980-x.
- Mori, N., and T. Takemi. 2016. “Impact Assessment of Coastal Hazards Due to Future Changes of Tropical Cyclones in the North Pacific Ocean.” Weather and Climate Extremes 11: 53–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2015.09.002.
- Moss, R. H., J. A. Edmonds, K. A. Hibbard, M. R. Manning, S. K. Rose, D. P. van Vuuren, T. R. Carter, et al. 2010. “The Next Generation of Scenarios for Climate Change Research and Assessment.” Nature 463 (7282): 747–756. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08823.
- Murakami, H., R. Mizuta, and E. Shindo. 2012. “Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone Activity Projected by Multi-Physics and Multi-SST Ensemble Experiments Using the 60-km-mesh MRI-AGCM.” Climate Dynamics 39 (9–10): 2569–2584. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1223-x.
- Myers, V.A. 1954. “Characteristics of United States Hurricanes Pertinent to Levee Design for Lake Okeechobee, Florida.” Hydro-Meteorological Report 32. U.S. Weather Bureau, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1–106.
- National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC). 2014. “SitRep No. 108 Effects of Typhoon “YOLANDA” (HAIYAN)”. Technical report. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, NDRRMC Building, Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Philippine.
- Sato, T., F. Kimura, and A. Kitoh. 2007. “Projection of Global Warming onto Regional Precipitation over Mongolia Using a Regional Climate Model.” Journal of Hydrology 333 (1): 144–154. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.023.
- Sato, T. 2010. “Pseudo Global Warming Experiments.” Tenki 57: 37–38.
- Shade, L. R., and K. A. Emanuel. 1999. “The Ocean’s Effect on the Intensity of Tropical Cyclones: Results from a Simple Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Model.” Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 56 (4): 642–651. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0642:TOSEOT>2.0.CO;2.
- Shea, J. D., and M. W. Gray. 1973. “The Hurricane’s Inner Core Region. I. Symmetric and Asymmetric Structure.” Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 30 (8): 1544–1564. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<1544:THICRI>2.0.CO;2.
- Smith, K. R., M. T. Montgomery, and N. V. Sang. 2009. “Tropical Cyclone Spin-Up Revisited.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 135 (642): 1321–1335. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.428.
- Takagi, H., and W. Wu. 2015. “Maximum Wind Radius Estimated by the 50 Kt Radius: Improvement of Storm Surge Forecasting over the Western North Pacific.” National Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16 (3): 705–717. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-705-2016.
- Takayabu, I., K. Hibino, H. Sasaki, H. Shiogama, N. Mori, Y. Shibutani, and T. Takemi. 2015. “Climate Change Effects on the Worst-Case Storm Surge: A Case Study of Typhoon Haiyan.” Environmental Research Letters 10 (6): 064011. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/089502.
- Takemi, T., R. Ito, and O. Arakawa. 2016. “Robustness and Uncertainty of Projected Changes in the Impacts of Typhoon Vera (1959) under Global Warming.” Hydrological Research Letters 10 (3): 88–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.3178/hrl.10.88.
- Toyoda, M., J. Yoshino, and T. Kobayashi. 2015. “Numerical Experiments of Typhoon Haiyan (2013) and Its Storm Surge Using a High-Resolution Coupled Typhoon-Ocean Model.” Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series B2 (Coastal Engineering) 71 (2): 463–468. in Japanese. doi:https://doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.71.I_463.
- Toyoda, M., J. Yoshino, and T. Kobayashi. 2016. “Ensemble Future Projections of Storm Surge in the Leyte Gulf, Philippines, by Pseudo-Global Warming Experiments.” Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series B2 (Coastal Engineering) 72 (2): 1483–1488. in Japanese. doi:https://doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.72.I_1483.
- Toyoda, M., J. Yoshino, and T. Kobayashi. 2017. “Comparison of Future Change and Its Uncertainty on Typhoon Intensity between Typhoon Haiyan (2013) and Typhoon Melor (2009).” Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series B2 (Coastal Engineering) 73 (2): 217–222. in Japanese. doi:https://doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.73.I_217.
- Tsuboki, K., M. K. Yoshioka, T. Shinoda, M. Kato, S. Kanada, and A. Kitoh. 2015. “Future Increase of Supertyphoon Intensity Associated with Climate Change.” Geophysical Research Letters 42 (2): 646–652. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061793.
- Wang, X., C. Wang, L. Zhang, and X. Wang. 2015. “Multidecadal Variability of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in the Western North Pacific.” Journal of Climate 28: 3806–3820. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00400.1.
- Wang, Y., J. D. Kepert, and G. J. Holland. 2001. “The Effect of Sea Spray Evaporation on Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer Structure and Intensity.” Monthly Weather Review 129 (10): 2481–2500. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2481:TEOSSE>2.0.CO;2.
- Webster, P. J., G. J. Holland, J. A. Curry, and H. R. Chang. 2005. “Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment.” Science 309 (5742): 1844–1846. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1116448.
- Wong, M., L., M., and J., C., L. Chan. 2004. “Tropical Cyclone Intensity in Vertical Wind Shear.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61 (15): 1859–1876. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1859:TCIIVW>2.0.CO;2.
- Yamada, H., Q. Moteki, and M. Yoshizaki. 2010. “The Unusual Track and Rapid Intensification of Cyclone Nargis in 2008 under a Characteristic Environmental Flow over the Bay of Bengal.” Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 88 (3): 437–453. doi:https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2010-311.
- Yasuda, T., S. Nakajo, S. Y. Kim, H. Mase, N. Mori, and K. Horsburgh. 2014. “Evaluation of Future Storm Surge Risk in East Asia Based on State-of-the-Art Climate Change Projection.” Coastal Engineering 83: 65–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.10.003.
- Yoshino, J., J. Strachan, and P. L. Vidale. 2012. “Numerical Simulations of the Life Cycle of Super Typhoon with High-Resolution and High-Efficiency.” Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series B2 (Coastal Engineering) 68 (2): 1211–1215. doi:https://doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.68.I_1211.
- Yoshino, J., S. Arakawa, M. Toyoda, and T. Kobayashi. 2015. “Inter-comparison of Global Warming Scenarios for Typhoon Intensity Change Using a High-Resolution Typhoon Model.” Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series B2 (Coastal Engineering) 71 (2): 1519–1524. in Japanese. doi:https://doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.71.I_1519.
- Zhang, D. L., and E. Altshuler. 1999. “The Effects of Dissipative Heating on Hurricane Intensity.” Monthly Weather Review 127 (12): 3032–3038. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<3032:TEODHO>2.0.CO;2.