2,150
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

When News Media Turn To Citizen-Generated Images of War

Transparency and graphicness in the visual coverage of the Syrian conflict

&

References

  • Allan, Stuart. 2011. “Amateur Photography in Wartime: Early Histories.” In Amateur Images and Global News, edited by Kari Andén-Papadopoulos and Mervi Pantti, 41–60. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Allan, Stuart, and Barbie Zelizer. 2004. “Rules of Engagement: Journalism and War.” In Reporting War. Journalism in Wartime, edited by Stuart Allan and Barbie Zelizer, 3–21. New York: Routledge.
  • Andén-Papadopoulos, Kari, and Mervi Pantti. 2011. “Introduction.” In Amateur Images and Global News, edited by Kari Andén-Papadopoulos and Mervi Pantti, 9–20. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Andén-Papadopoulos, Kari, and Mervi Pantti. 2013. “Re-imagining Crisis Reporting: Professional Ideology of Journalists and Citizen Eyewitness Images.” Journalism 14: 960–977.
  • Becker, Karin. 2011. “Looking Back: Ethics and Aesthetics of Non-professional Photography.” In Amateur Images and Global News, edited by Kari Andén-Papadopoulos and Mervi Pantti, 23–40. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Chouliaraki, Lilie. 2006. The Spectatorship of Suffering. London: Sage.
  • Cottle, Simon. 2011. “Media and the Arab Uprisings of 2011: Research Notes.” Journalism 12 (5): 647–659.10.1177/1464884911410017
  • Fahmy, Shahira. 2010. “Guest Editor’s Note.” Media, War & Conflict: Special Issue on Images of War 3 (1): 3–5.
  • Gans, Herbert. 1979. Deciding What’s News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time. New York: Vintage.
  • Greenwood, Keith, and Joy Jenkins. 2013. “Visual Framing of the Syrian Conflict in News and Public Affairs Magazines.” Journalism Studies 16 (2): 207–227.
  • Griffin, Michael. 1999. “The Great War Photographs: Constructing Myths of History and Photojournalism.” In Picturing the past, edited by Bonnie Brennen and Hanno Hardt, 122–157. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Hallin, Daniel C., and Paolo Mancini. 2004. Comparing Media Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511790867
  • Hanusch, Folker. 2008. “Graphic Death in the News Media: Present or absent?”, Mortality: Promoting the Interdisciplinary Study of Death and Dying 13 (4): 301–317.10.1080/13576270802383840
  • Hanusch, Folker. 2012. “The Visibility of Disaster Deaths in News Images: A Comparison of Newspapers from 15 Countries.” International Communication Gazette 74: 655–672.10.1177/1748048512458560
  • Harkin, Juliette, Kevin Anderson, Libby Morgan, and Briar Smith. 2012. Deciphering User-Generated Content in Transitional Societies: A Syria Coverage Case Study. Center for Global Communication Studies, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania.
  • Lewis, Justin, Andrew Williams, and Bob Franklin. 2008. “Four Rumours and an Explanation.” Journalism Practice 2 (1): 27–45.10.1080/17512780701768493
  • Matheson, Donald, and Stuart Allan. 2009. Digital War Reporting. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Michalski, Milena, and James Gow. 2007. War, Image and Legitimacy. New York: Routledge.
  • Moeller, Susan D. 1999. Compassion Fatigue. New York: Routledge.
  • Mortensen, Mette. 2011. “When Citizen Photojournalism Sets the News Agenda: Neda Agha Soltan as a Web 2.0 Icon of Post-Election Unrest in Iran.” Global Media and Communication 7 (1): 4–16.10.1177/1742766510397936
  • Pantti, Mervi. 2013. “Getting Closer.” Journalism Studies 14 (2): 201–218.10.1080/1461670X.2012.718551
  • Pantti, Mervi, and Kari Andén-Papadopoulos. 2011. “Transparency and Trustworthiness: Strategies for Incorporating Amateur Photography into News Discourse.” In Amateur Images and Global News, edited by Kari Andén-Papadopoulos and Mervi Pantti, 97–112. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Pantti, Mervi, and Piet Bakker. 2009. “Misfortunes, Memories and Sunsets: Non-professional Images in Dutch News Media.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 12 (5): 471–489.10.1177/1367877909337860
  • Parry, Katy. 2010. “Media Visualization of Conflict: Studying News Imagery in 21st Century Wars.” Sociology Compass 4 (7): 417–429.10.1111/(ISSN)1751-9020
  • Perlmutter, David D. 1999. Visions of War. New York: St Martin’s Griffin.
  • Phillips, Angela. 2010. “Transparency and the New Ethics of Journalism.” Journalism Practice 4 (3): 372–383.
  • Reporters Without Borders. 2014. “Home Page Syria.” http://en.rsf.org/syria.html.
  • Schaap, Gabi, and Alexander Pleijter. 2012. “Het Sensatiegehalte van Voorpaginafoto's: Een Inhoudsanalyse van Populaire en Kwaliteitskranten in Nederland [Sensationalism in Front Page Photographs: Content Analysis of Dutch Popular and Quality Newspapers].” Tijdschrift Voor Communicatiewetenschap 40 (1): 1–86.
  • Sjøvaag, Helle. 2011. “Amateur Images and Journalistic Authority.” In Amateur Images and Global News, edited by Kari Andén-Papadopoulos and Mervi Pantti, 79–96. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Sontag, Susan. 1977. On Photography. New York: Rosetta Books.
  • Sontag, Susan. 2003. Regarding the Pain of Others. London: Penguin.10.3917/dio.201.0127
  • Standard EuroBarometer. 2014. Public Opinion in the European Union. European Commission.
  • Taylor, John. 2000. “Problems in Photojournalism: Realism, the Nature of News and the Humanitarian Narrative.” Journalism Studies 1 (1): 129–143.10.1080/146167000361212
  • UN Refugee Agency. 2014. “Syrian Refugees.” http://syrianrefugees.eu.
  • VRM. 2014. Mediaconcentratie in Vlaanderen: Rapport 2014 [Media Concentration in Flanders: 2014 Report]. Brussels: Vlaamse Regulator voor de Media.
  • Wall, Melissa, and Sahar El Zahed. 2015. “Embedding Content from Syrian Citizen Journalists: The Rise of the Collaborative News Clip.” Journalism 16 (2): 163–180.10.1177/1464884914529213
  • Zelizer, Barbie. 2004. “When War is Reduced to a Photograph.” In Reporting War: Journalism in Wartime, edited by Stuart Allan and Barbie Zelizer, 115–135. London: Routledge.
  • Zelizer, Barbie. 2007. “On ‘Having Been There’: ‘Eyewitnessing’ as a Journalistic Key Word.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 24 (5): 408–428.10.1080/07393180701694614

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.