Executive dysfunction and survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Preliminary report from a Serbian centre for motor neuron disease

References

• Strong MJ, Grace GM, Freedman M, Lomen-Hoerth C, Woolley S, Goldstein LH, et al. Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of frontotemporal cognitive and behavioural syndromes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009;10:131–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massman PJ, Sims J, Cooke N, Haverkamp LJ, Appel V, Appel SH. Prevalence and correlates of neuropsychological deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;6:450–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringholz GM, Appel SH, Bradshaw M, Cooke NA, Mosnik DM, Schulz PE. Prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment in sporadic ALS. Neurology. 2005;65:586–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lomen-Hoerth C, Murphy J, Langmore S, Kramer JH, Olney RK, Miller B. Are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients cognitively normal? Neurology. 2003;60:1094–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barson FP, Kinsella GJ, Ong B, Mathers SE. A neuropsychological investigation of dementia in motor neuron disease (MND). J Neurol Sci. 2000;180:107–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahams S, Leigh PN, Harvey A, Vythelingum GN, Grisé D, Goldstein LH. Verbal fluency and executive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuropsychologia. 2000;38:734–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahams S, Goldstein LH, Simmons A, Brammer M, Williams SC, Giampietro V, Leigh PN. Word retrieval in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Brain. 2004;127:1507–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahams S, Leigh PN, Goldstein LH. Cognitive change in ALS: a prospective study. Neurology. 2005;64:1222–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludolph AC, Langen KJ, Regard M, Herzog H, Kemper B, Kuwert T, et al. Frontal lobe dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A neuropsychologic and positron emission tomography study. Acta Neurol Scand. 1992;85:81–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raaphorst J, de Visser M, Linssen WH, de Haan RJ, Schmand B. The cognitive profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2010;11:27–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman AB, Wooley-Levine S, Bradley WG, Miller RG. Detecting neurobehavioural changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2007;252:1517–24.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy JM, Vanderpool V, Lomen-Hoerth C. Utility of brief screening protocol to identify cognitive and behavioural abnormalities in ALS patients. Neurology. 2006;66 (Suppl):A135.
   Google Scholar
• Elamin M, Phukan J, Bede P, Jordan N, Byrne S, Pender N, Hardiman O. Executive dysfunction is a negative prognostic indicator in patients with ALS without dementia. Neurology. 2011;76:1263–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon PH, Goetz RR, Rabkin JG, Dalton K, McElhiney M, Hays AP, et al. A prospective cohort study of neuropsychological test performance in ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2010;11:312–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olney RK, Murphy J, Forshew D, Garwood E, Miller BL, Langmore S, et al. The effects of executive and behavioural dysfunction on the course of ALS. Neurology. 2005;65:1774–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks BR, Miller RG, Swash M, Munsat TL. El Escorial revisited: revisedcriteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2000;1:293–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cedarbaum JM, Stambler N, Malta E, Fuller C, Hilt D, Thurmond B, et al. TheALSFRS-R: a revised ALS functional rating scale that incorporates assessments of respiratory function. BDNFALS Study Group (Phase III). J Neurol Sci. 1999;169:13–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raven J, Raven JC, Court JH. Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. 1998, updated 2003. Section 1: General Overview. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Dsm-IV-TR. Washington, DC; 2000. Print.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960;23:56–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin RS. Apathy, concept, syndrome, mechanisms and treatment. Neural Clin Neuropsychiatry. 1996;1:303–14.
   Google Scholar
• Folstein M, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatric Res. 1975;12:189–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spree O, Strauss EA. Compendium of neuropsychological tests (2nd edn). New York: Oxford University Press; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Sahakian BJ, Morris RG, Evenden JL, Heald A, Levy R, Philpot MP, Robbins TW. A comparative study of visuospatial memory and learning in Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinson's disease. Brain. 1998;111:695–718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rippon GA, Scarmeas N, Gordon PH, Murphy PL, Albert SM, Mitsumoto H, et al. An observational study of cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:345–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusina R, Ridzon P, Kulist'ák P, Keller O, Bartos A, Buncová M, et al. Relationship between ALS and the degree of cognitive impairment, markers of neurodegeneration and predictors for poor outcome: a prospective study. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17:23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu WT, Shelnutt M, Wilson A, Yarab N, Kelly C, Grossman M, et al. Behavioural matters – cognitive predictors of survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One. 2013;8:e57584:1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank B, Haas J, Heinze HJ, Stark E, Münte TF. Relation of neuropsyhological and magnetic resonance findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: evidence for subgroups. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1997;99:79–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein LH, Abrahams S. Changes in cognition and behaviour in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: nature of impairment and implications for assessment. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:368–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achi EY, Rudnicki SA. ALS and frontotemporal dysfunction: a review. Neurol Res Int. 2012;2012:806306. doi: 10.1155/2012/806306.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leentjens AFG, Dujardin K, Marsh L, Martinez-Martin P, Richard IH, Starkstein SE, et al. Apathy and Anhedonia rating scales in Parkinson’s disease: critique and recommendations. Mov Disord. 2008;23:2004–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mioshi E, Dawson J, Mitchell J, Arnold R, Hodges JR. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): a brief cognitive test battery for dementia screening. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;21:1078–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar