Efficacy and safety of ADS-5102 (amantadine) extended-release capsules for treating levodopa-induced dyskinesia

References

• Lebouvier T, Chaumette T, Paillusson S, et al. The second brain and Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Sep;30(5):735–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stacey LK, Timothy MD, Ritashree C, et al. The current and projected economic burden of Parkinson’s disease in the United States. Mov Disord. 2013;28:311–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tysnes O-B, Storstein A. Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017 Aug;124(8):901–905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirtz D, Thurman DJ, Gwinn-Hardy K, et al. How common are the “common” neurologic disorders? Neurology. 2007;68:326–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weintraub D, Comella CL, Horn S. Parkinson’s disease–part 1: pathophysiology, symptoms, burden, diagnosis, and assessment. Am J Manag Care. 2008 Mar;14(2 Suppl):S40–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorsey ER, Constantinescu R, Thompson JP, et al. Projected number of people with Parkinson disease in the most populous nations, 2005 through 2030. Neurology. 2007;68:384–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao SS, Hofmann LA, Shakil A. Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2006 Dec 15;74(12):2046–2054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lau LM, Giesbergen PC, de Rijk MC, et al. Incidence of parkinsonism and Parkinson disease in a general population: the rotterdam study. Neurology. 2004;63:1240–1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalia LV, Lang AE. Parkinson’s disease. Lancet. 2015;386(9996):896–912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindholm D, Makela J, Di Liberto V, et al. Current disease modifying approaches to treat Parkinson’s disease. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(7):1365–1379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornykiewicz O. A brief history of levodopa. J Neurol. 2010;257(Suppl 2):S249–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeWitt PA, Fahn S. Levodopa therapy for Parkinson disease: a look backward and forward. Neurology. 2016;86(14 Suppl1):S3–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly BS, Lang AE. Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson disease: a review. JAMA. 2014;311(16):1670–1683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlskog JE, Muenter MD. Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature. Mov Disord. 2001;16(3):448–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olanow CW, Stern MB, Sethi K. The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2009;72(21 Suppl 4):S1–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankovic J. Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson’s disease: clinical manifestations. Mov Disord. 2005;20(Suppl 11):S11–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guridi J, Gonzalez-Redondo R, Obeso JA. Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson Dis. 2012;2012:943159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks DJ. Optimizing levodopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease with levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone: implications from a clinical and patient perspective. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008 Feb;4(1):39–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AlDakheel A, Kalia LV, Lang AE. Pathogenesis-targeted, disease-modifying therapies in Parkinson disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2014;11(1):6–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hely MA, Morris JG, Reid WG, et al. Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease: non-L-dopa-responsive problems dominate at 15 years. Mov Disord. 2005 Feb;20(2):190–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahn S. The spectrum of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann Neurol. 2000 Apr;47(4Suppl 1):S2–9. discussion S9–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma VD, Lyons KE, Pahwa R. Amantadine extended-release capsules for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:665–673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hechtner MC, Vogt T, Zollner Y, et al. Quality of life in Parkinson’s disease patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in five European countries. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20(9):969–974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Lloret S, Negre-Pages L, Damier P, et al. L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias, motor fluctuations and health-related quality of life: the COPARK survey. Eur J Neurol. 2017;24(12):1532–1538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khlebtovsky A, Rigbi A, Melamed E, et al. Patient and caregiver perceptions of the social impact of advanced Parkinson’s disease and dyskinesias. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2012;119(11):1367–1371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapuis S, Ouchchane L, Metz O, et al. Impact of the motor complications of Parkinson’s disease on the quality of life. Mov Disord. 2005;20(2):224–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annic A, Devos D, Seguy D, et al. Continuous dopaminergic stimulation by duodopa in advanced Parkinson’s disease: efficacy and safety. Rev Neurol. 2009;165:718–727.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olanow CW, Obeso JA, Stocchi F. Continuous dopamine-receptor treatment of Parkinson’s disease: scientific rationale and clinical implications. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(8):677–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stocchi F, Giorgi L, Hunter B, et al. PREPARED: comparison of prolonged and immediate release ropinirole in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2011;26:1259–1265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Study NCT01494532. clinicaltrials.gov. [ cited 2018 Mar]. Available from:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01494532.
   Google Scholar
• Schapira AH, Barone P, Hauser RA, et al. Extended-release pramipexole in advanced Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2011;77:767–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeWitt PA, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, et al. Advanced Parkinson disease treated with rotigotine transdermal system: PREFER study. Neurology. 2007;68:1262–1267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmer LW, Surmann E, Boroojerdi B, et al. Long-term safety and tolerability of rotigotine transdermal system in patients with early-stage idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: a prospective, open-label extension study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18:488–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeWitt PA, Boroojerdi B, Surmann E, et al. Rotigotine transdermal system for long-term treatment of patients withadvanced Parkinson’s disease: results of two open-label extension studies,CLEOPATRA-PD and PREFER.J. Neural Transm. 2013;120:1069–1081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonini A, Isaias IU, Rodolfi G, et al. A 5-year prospective assessment of advanced Parkinson disease patients treated with subcutaneous apomorphine infusion or deep brain stimulation. J Neurol. 2011;258:579–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drapier S, Gillioz AS, Leray E, et al. Apomorphine infusion in advance Parkinson’s patients with subthalamic stimulation contraindications. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18:40–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rambour M, Moreau C, Devos D, et al. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine in Parkinson’s disease: retrospectiveanalysis of a series of81 patients. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2014;170:205–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyne HL, Parsons J, Sinnott A, et al. A 10-year retrospective audit of longterm apomorphine use in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol. 2004;251:1370–1374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinson VK. Parkinson ’s disease and Motor Fluctuations. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2010;12:186–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olanow CW, Kieburtz K, Odin P, et al. Continuous intrajejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease: a randomised, controlled, double blind, double-dummy. Study Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez H, Krueger R, Slevin J, et al. Long-term safety and maintenance of efficacy from an open-label extension of the double-blind pivotal study of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) in advanced Parkinson’s disease patients abstract. Neurology. 2014;82(Suppl10):P7.081.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antonini A, Fung V, Boyd J, et al. Changes in troublesome dyskinesia and its relationship with dose in advanced parkinson’s disease patients treated with levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion. Neurology. 2014;82(Suppl10):P7.071.
   Google Scholar
• Nyholm D, Odin P, Johansson A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of levodopa, carbidopa, and 3-O-methyldopa following 16-hour jejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced parkinson’s disease patients. Aaps J. 2013 Apr;15(2):316–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson D, Nyholm D, Aquilonius SM. Duodenal levodopa infusion in Parkinson’s disease—long-term experience. Acta Neurol Scand. 2001;104(6):343–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eggert K, Schrader C, Hahn M, et al. Continuous jejunal levodopa infusion in patients with advanced parkinson disease: practical aspects and outcome of motor and non-motor complications. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2008;31(3):151–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonini A, Yegin A, Preda C, et al. Global long-term registry on efficacy and safety of DUODOPA in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease in routine care (GLORIA): 12-month interim findings. Neurology. 2014;82(Suppl 10):S7.005.
   Google Scholar
• Pålhagen SE, Sydow O, Johansson A, et al. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) treatment in routine care of patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease: an open-label prospective observational study of effectiveness, tolerability and healthcare costs. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;29:17–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melgari JM, Salomone G, Di Biase L, et al. Dyskinesias during levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion: management inclinical practice. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015 Mar;21(3):327–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slevin JT, Fernandez HH, Zadikoff C, et al. Long-term safety and maintenance of efficacy of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel: an open-label extension of the double-blind pivotal study in advanced Parkinson’s disease patients. J Parkinsons Dis. 2015;5(1):165–174.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleiner-Fisman G, Herzog J, Fisman DN, et al. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: summary and meta-analysis of outcomes. Mov Disord. 2006;21:S290–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox SH, Katzenschlager R, Lim SY, et al. The movement disorder society evidence-based medicine review update: treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2011;26(Suppl. 3):S2–S41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahwa R, Factor SA, Lyons KE, et al. Practice parameter: treatment of Parkinson disease with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia (an evidence-based review): report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American academy of neurology. Neurology. 2006;66(7):983–995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toda H, Saiki H, Nishida N, et al. Update on deep brain stimulation for dyskinesia and dystonia: a literature review. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2016;56(5):236–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osmolex ER [package insert]. Bridgewater, New jersey: Osmotica Pharmaceuticals;2018. cited Apr 10. Available from:https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/209410s000lbl.pdf.Accessed.
   Google Scholar
• Dakheel AL, Beaulieu-Boire I, Fox SH. Emerging drugs for levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Expert Opin Emerging Drugs. 2014;19(3):415–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huot P, Johnston TH, Koprich JB, et al. The pharmacology of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in parkinson’s disease. Pharmacol Rev. 2013;65:171–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iravani MM, Jenner P. Mechanisms underlying the onset and expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and their pharmacological manipulation. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2011;118(12):1661–1690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLong MR, Wichmann T. Basal ganglia circuits as targets for neuromodulation in Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(11):1354–1360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huot P, Johnston TH, Koprich JB, et al. The pharmacology of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacol Rev. 2013;65(1):171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papathanou M, Rose S, McCreary A, et al. Induction and expression of abnormal involuntary movements is related to the duration of dopaminergic stimulation in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2011;33(12):2247–2254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Sorbo F, Albanese A. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias and their management. J Neurol. 2008;255(Suppl 4):32–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay C, Duty S. Therapeutic potential of targeting glutamate receptors in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2014;121(8):861–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostic V, Przedborski S, Flaster E, et al. Early development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias and response fluctuations in young-onset Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1991;41:202–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrag A, Hovris A, Morley D, et al. Young- versus older-onset Parkinson’s disease: impact of disease and psychosocial consequences. Mov Disord. 2003;18:1250–1256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rascol O, Brooks DJ, Korczyn AD, et al. Development of dyskinesias in a 5-year trial of ropinirole and Ldopa. Mov Disord. 2006;21:1844–1850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrag A, Quinn N. Dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease. A Community-Based Study Brain. 2000;123:2297–2305.
   Google Scholar
• Fabbrini G, Brotchie JM, Grandas F, et al. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Mov Disord. 2007;22:1379–1389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwab RS, England AC Jr, Poskanzer DC, et al. Amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. JAMA. 1969;208(7):1168–1170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metman LV, Del Dotto P, Muckhof VD, et al. Amantadine as treatment for dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 1998;50(5):1323–1326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metman LV, Del Dotto P, LePoole K, et al. Amantadine for levodopa-induced dyskinesias: a 1-year follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 1999;56(11):1383–1386.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snow BJ, Macdonald L, McAuley D, et al. The effect of amantadine on levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson’s disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000;23(2):82–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawada H, Oeda T, Kuno S, et al. Amantadine for dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE. 2010;5(2):1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Del Dotto P, Pavese N, Gambaccini G, et al. Intravenous amantadine improves levadopa-induced dyskinesias: an acute double-blind placebo-controlled study. Mov Disord. 2001;16(3):515–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf E, Seppi K, Katzenschlager R, et al. Long-term antidyskinetic efficacy of amantadine in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2010;25(10):1357–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ory-Magne F, Corvol JC, Azulay JP, et al. Withdrawing amantadine in dyskinetic patients with Parkinson disease: the AMANDYSK trial. Neurology. 2014;82(4):300–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas A, Iacono D, Luciano A, et al. Duration of amantadine benefit on dyskinesia of severe Parkinson’s disease. J Neurology Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(1):141–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Silva-Junior F, Braga-Neto P, Sueli Monti F, et al. Amantadine reduces the duration of levodopa-induced dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2005;11(7):449–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luginger E, Wenning GK, Bösch S, et al. Beneficial effects of amantadine on L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2000;15(5):873–878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paci C, Thomas A, Onofrj M. Amantadine for dyskinesia in patients affected by severe Parkinson’s disease. Neurological Sci. 2001;22(1):75–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahangirvand A, Rajput A. Early use of amantadine to prevent or delay onset of levodopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2013;28(Suppl 1):S207. cited 2018 Aug 17 Available from: http://n.neurology.org/content/80/7_Supplement/P02.080
   Google Scholar
• Aoki F, Sitar D. Clinical pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1988;14(1):35–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Symmetrel (amantadine hydrochloride) [prescribing information]. Chadds Ford, PA: Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc; 2009. [cited 2018 Aug 17]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/016023s041,018101s016lbl.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hauser RA, Pahwa R, Wargin WA, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ADS-5102 (amantadine) extended release capsules administered once daily at bedtime for the treatment of dyskinesia. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018 May 18. DOI:10.1007/s40262-018-0663-4
   Google Scholar
• Gocovrihcp.com. [cited 2018 Sept 25]. Available from: https://www.gocovrihcp.com/dosing-and-pharmacokinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Gocovri (amantadine) extended release capsules [package inert]. Emeryville, CA: Adamas Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2017. cited 2018 Apr 10. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208944lbl.pdf.Accessed.
   Google Scholar
• Elkurd MT, Bahroo LB, Pahwa R. The role of extended-release amantadine for the treatment of dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease patients. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2018 April;8(2):73–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danysz W, Parsons CG, Kornhuber J, et al. Aminoadamantanes as NMDA receptor antagonists and antiparkinsonian agents–preclinical studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1997;21(4):455–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchet PJ, Konitsiotis S, Chase TN. Amantadine reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys. Mov Disord. 1998;13(5):798–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Vigtlander PF, Moore KE. Dopamine: release from the brain in vivo by amantadine. Science. 1971;174(4007):408–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heikkila RE, Cohen G. Evaluation of amantadine as a releasing agent or uptake blocker for H3-dopamine in rat brain slices. Eur J Pharmacol. 1972;20(2):156–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahwa R, Tanner CM, Hauser RA, et al. Amantadine extended release for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease (EASED study). Mov Disord. 2015;30(6):788–795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahwa R, Tanner CM, Hauser RA, et al. ADS-5102 (amantadine) extended-release capsules for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson disease (EASE LID Study): a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(8):941–949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oertel W, Eggert K, Pahwa R, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ADS- 5102 (amantadine) extended-release capsules for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease (EASE LID 3). Mov Disord. 2017;32(12):1701–1709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauser RA, Pahwa R, Tanner CM, et al. ADS-5102 (amantadine) extended-release capsules for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease (EASE LID 2 study): interim results of an open-label safety study. J Park Dis. 2017;7(3):511–522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetz C, Stebbins G, Chung K, et al. Which dyskinesia scale best detects treatment response? Move Disord. 2012b;28(3):341–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahwa R, Tanner CM, Robert AH et al. A Clinically Important Difference (CID) for the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS)Total Score Change in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) Patients with Dyskinesia. Presented at the AAN Annual Meeting, Apr 21–27, 2018, Los Angeles, CA. cited 2018 Aug 17. Available from: http://n.neurology.org/content/90/15_Supplement/P2.052
   Google Scholar
• Elmer LW, Juncos JL, Singer C, et al. Pooled analyses of phase III studies of ADS-5102 (amantadine) extended-release capsules for dyskinesia in Parkinson ’s disease. CNS Drugs. 2018 Mar 12. DOI:10.1007/s40263-018-0498-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauser RA, Auinger P. Determination of minimal clinically important change in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease. Move Disord. 2011 Apr;26(5):813–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papapetropoulos SS. Patient diaries as a clinical endpoint in Parkinson’s disease clinical trials. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2012 May;18(5):380–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaacson S, Pahwa R, Tanner C, et al. ADS-5102 provided reduction in motor complications in Parkinson’s disease patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia switched from amantadine IR: subgroup analysis from open-label study (EASE LID 2). J Neurol Sci. 2017;381:355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar