‘Bones in the wrong soil’: reburial, belonging, and disinterred cosmologies in post-conflict northern Uganda

References

• Al-Ali, N., and K. Koser, eds. 2002. New Approaches to Migration? Transnational Communities and the Transformation of Home. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, T. 2006. Trial Justice: The International Criminal Court and the Lord's Resistance Army. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Appadurai, A. 2013. The Future as Cultural Fact: Essays on the Global Condition. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Baines, E. 2005. Roco Wat I Acholi: Traditional Approaches to Justice and Reintegration. The Liu Institute for Global Issues, Gulu district NGO Forum & Ker Kwaro Acholi. Accessed January 1, 2013. http://www.ligi.ubc.ca/admin/Information/543/Roco%20Wat%20I%20Acoli-20051.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Baines, E., and R. Gauvin. 2014. “Motherhood and Social Repair after War and Displacement in Northern Uganda.” Journal of Refugee Studies 27 (2): 282–300. doi: 10.1093/jrs/feu001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrend, H. 1999. Alice Lakwena & the Holy Spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985–97. London: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Behrend, H., and U. Luig. 1999. Spirit Possession: Modernity & Power in Africa. Kampala: Fountain.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, C. M. 1992. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bloch, M., and J. Parry. 1982. Death and the Regeneration of Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Branch, A. 2011. Displacing Human Rights: War and Intervention in Northern Uganda. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Branch, A. 2012. “Humanitarianism, Violence and the Camp in Northern Uganda.” In A Micro-sociology of Violence: Deciphering Patterns and Dynamics of Collective Violence, edited by J. Bakonyi and B. Bliesemann de Guevara, 81–106. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brun, C. 2001. “Reterritorilizing the Relationship Between People and Place in Refugee Studies.” Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 83 (1): 15–25. doi: 10.1111/j.0435-3684.2001.00087.x
   Google Scholar
• De Boeck, F. 2012. “Death Matters: Intimacy, Violence and the Production of Social Knowledge by Urban Youth in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” In Afropolis, edited by K. Pinther, L. Förster, and C. Hunessek, 242–249. Johannesburg: Jacana.
   Google Scholar
• Dolan, C. 2009. Social Torture: The Case of Northern Uganda 1986–2006. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas, M. 1966. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Finnström, S. 2005. “For God and My Life’ – War & Cosmology in Northern Uganda.” In No Peace, No War: An Anthropology of Contemporary Armed Conflict, edited by P. Richards, 99–116. Oxford: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Finnström, S. 2008. Living with Bad Surroundings: War, History, and Everyday Moments in Northern Uganda. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Finnström, S. 2010. “Reconciliation Grown Bitter?: War, Retribution, and Ritual Action in Northern Uganda.” In Localizing Transitional Justice: Interventions and Priorities after Mass Violence, edited by R. Shaw, 135–156. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fontein, J. 2010. “Between Tortured Bodies and Resurfacing Bones: The Politics of the Dead in Zimbabwe.” Journal of Material Culture 15 (4): 423–448. doi: 10.1177/1359183510383105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontein, J. 2011. “Graves, Ruins, and Belonging: Towards an Anthropology of Proximity.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 17 (4): 706–727. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9655.2011.01715.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertzel, C. 1974. Party and Locality in Northern Uganda. London: The Athlone Press.
   Google Scholar
• Geschiere, P. 2009. The Perils of Belonging: Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grimes, R. L. 1992. “Reinventing Ritual.” Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal 75 (1): 21–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammond, L. 2004. This Place Will Become Home: Refugee Repatriation to Ethiopia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hertz, R. [1907] 1960. Death and the Right Hand. London: Cohen and West.
   Google Scholar
• Hockey, J., T. Green, A. Clayden, and M. Powell. 2012. “Landscapes of the Dead? Natural Burial and the Materialization of Absence.” Journal of Material Culture 17 (2): 115–132. doi: 10.1177/1359183512442631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hockey, J., C. Komaromy, and K. Woodthorpe, eds. 2010. The Matter of Death: Space, Place and Materiality. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Jindra, M., and J. Noret, eds. 2011. Funerals in Africa. Explorations of a Social Phenomenon. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, B. 2013. “The Making of Meaning: Churches, Development Projects and Violence in Eastern Uganda.” Journal of Religion in Africa 43 (1): 74–95. doi: 10.1163/15700666-12341245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kibreab, G. 1999. “Revisiting the Debate on People, Place, Identity and Displacement.” Journal of Refugee Studies 12 (4): 384–410. doi: 10.1093/jrs/12.4.384
   Google Scholar
• Kustenbauder, M. 2010. “Northern Uganda: Protracted Conflict and Structures of Violence.” In War and Peace in Africa, edited by T. Falola and R. C. Njoku, 451–482. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kyemba, H. 1977. A State of Blood: The Inside Story of Idi Amin. New York: Grosset & Dunlap.
   Google Scholar
• Lomo, Z., and L. Hovil. 2004. Behind the Violence: The War in Northern Uganda. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Lubkemann, S. C. 2007. Culture in Chaos: An Anthropology of the Social Condition in War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Malkki, L. 1992. “National Geographic: The Rooting of Peoples and the Territorialization of National Identity among Scholars and Refugees.” Cultural Anthropology 7 (1): 24–44. doi: 10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkki, L. 1995a. Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Malkki, L. 1995b. “Refugees and Exile: From “Refugees Studies” to the National Order of Things.” Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1): 495–523. doi: 10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.002431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meinert, L., and S. Reynolds-Whyte. 2013. “Creating the New Times: Reburials after War in Northern Uganda.” In Taming Time, Timing Death: Social Technologies and Rituals, edited by D. Pedersen and R. Willerslev, 175–193. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Odoki, S. O. 1997. Death Rituals among the Lwos of Uganda: Their Significance for the Theology of Death. Gulu: Gulu Catholic Press.
   Google Scholar
• p'Bitek, O. 1971. Religion of the Central Luo. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau.
   Google Scholar
• RLP (Refugee Law Project). 2012a. “ Land for Every Ugandan? A Synopsis of Land Disputes in Post-conflict Northern Ugandan and Conflict Risk Factors.” Unpublished report.
   Google Scholar
• RLP (Refugee Law Project). 2012b. From Arid Zones into the Desert: The Uganda National IDP Policy Implementation 2004–2012. Working Paper 23. Kampala: RLP.
   Google Scholar
• Shipton, P. 2009. Mortgaging the Ancestors. Ideologies of Attachment in Africa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, F. 2005. Policies Towards Horizontal Inequalities in Post-conflict Reconstruction. CRISE Working Paper 7. Accessed April 2, 2013. http://economics.ouls.ox.ac.uk/13001/1/workingpaper7.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Tambiah, S. J. 1977. “The Cosmological and Performative Significance of a Thai Cult of Healing Through Meditation.” Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 1 (1): 97–132. doi: 10.1007/BF00114812
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tambiah, S. J. 1985. Culture, Thought, and Social Action: An Anthropological Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, V. W. 1974. Dramas, Fields and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turton, D. 2005. “The Meaning of Place in a World of Movement: Lessons from Long-Term Field Research in Southern Ethiopia.” Journal of Refugee Studies 18 (3): 258–280. doi: 10.1093/refuge/fei031
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). 2007. “ Closure of Camps Starts in Northern Uganda as IDPs Return Home.” Briefing Note. Accessed August 9, 2012. http://www.unhcr.org/46e66ea52.html.
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR and AVSI. 2010. “ Finding Durable Solutions in Northern Uganda.” Accessed September 9, 2013. http://www.avsi.org/dinamico/main/PubblicazioniDettaglio.asp?ID=253.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gennep, A. [1909] 1960. The Rites of Passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, D. 1992. “We Are All Refugees.” International Journal of Refugee Law 4 (3): 365–372. doi: 10.1093/ijrl/4.3.365
   Google Scholar
• Warner, D. 1994. “Voluntary Repatriation and the Meaning of Return to Home: A Critique of Liberal Mathematics.” Journal of Refugee Studies 7 (2/3): 160–174. doi: 10.1093/jrs/7.2-3.160
   Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organisation) and MOH (Ministry of Health of Uganda). 2005. “ Health and Mortality Survey among Internally Displaced Persons in Gulu, Kitgum and Pader Districts, Northern Uganda.” Accessed August 10, 2013. http://www.who.int/hac/crises/uga/sitreps/Ugandamortsurvey.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Whyte, S. R., S. M. Babiiha, R. Mukyala, and L. Meinert. 2013a. “Remaining Internally Displaced: Missing Links to Security in Northern Uganda.” Journal of Refugee Studies 26 (2): 283–301. doi: 10.1093/jrs/fes040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte, S. R., S. M. Babiiha, R. Mukyala, and L. Meinert. 2013b. “Encampment to Emplotment: Land Matters in Former IDP Camps.” Journal of Peace and Security Studies 1: 17–27.
   Google Scholar
• Whyte, S. R., S. M. Babiiha, R. Mukyala, and L. Meinert. 2014. “Urbanization by Subtraction: The Afterlife of Camps in Northern Uganda.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 52 (4): 597–622. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X14000457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhelm-Solomon, M. 2013. “The Priest's Soldiers: HIV Therapies, Health Identities, and Forced Encampment in Northern Uganda.” Medical Anthropology: Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness 32 (3): 227–246. doi: 10.1080/01459740.2012.709891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar