References

• Abbas, Hakima, and Sokari Ekine, eds. 2013. Queer African Reader. Nairobi: Pambazuka Press.
   Google Scholar
• Acholi Times. 2015. “Battle against Homosexuality Continues.” Acholi Times. http://acholitimes.com/2015/08/25/battle-against-homosexuality-continues/.
   Google Scholar
• Alava, Henni. 2017a. “There is Confusion. The Politics of Fear, Silence and Hope in Catholic and Anglican Northern Uganda.” PhD thesis, University of Helsinki, Finland.
   Google Scholar
• Alava, Henni. 2017b. “‘Acholi Youth are Lost’? Young, Christian and (A)Political in Northern Uganda.” In What Politics? Youth and Political Engagements in Africa, edited by Elina Oinas, Henri Onodera, and Leena Suurpää. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Apuuli, Kasaija Phillip. 2011. “Peace over Justice: The Acholi Religious Leaders Peace Initiative (ARLPI) vs. the International Criminal Court (ICC) in Northern Uganda.” Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 11 (1): 116–129. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-9469.2011.01101.x
   Google Scholar
• Blevins, John. 2011. “When Sodomy Leads to Martyrdom: Sex, Religion, and Politics in Historical and Contemporary Contexts in Uganda and East Africa.” Theology & Sexuality: The Journal of the Institute for the Study of Christianity & Sexuality 17 (1): 51–74. doi: 10.1558/tse.v17i1.51
   Google Scholar
• Bompani, Barbara. 2016. “‘For God and for My Country’: Pentecostal-Charismatic Churches and the Framing of a New Political Discourse in Uganda.” In Public Religion and Issues of Homosexuality in Contemporary Africa Public Religion and Issues of Homosexuality in Contemporary Africa, edited by Adriaan van Klinken and Ezra Chitando, 19–34. Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bompani, Barbara, and S. Brown. 2014. “A ‘Religious Revolution’? Print Media, Sexuality, and Religious Discourse in Uganda.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 9 (1): 110–126. doi: 10.1080/17531055.2014.987507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, Lydia. 2013. “The Problem with Freedom: Homosexuality and Human Rights in Uganda.” O Problema Da Liberdade: Homossexualidade E Direitos Humanos No Uganda. 86 (3): 697–724.
   Google Scholar
• Boyd, Lydia. 2014. “Ugandan Born-again Christians and the Moral Politics of Gender Equality.” Journal of Religion in Africa 44 (3/4): 333–354. doi: 10.1163/15700666-12340025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catholic Church. 2012. Catechism of the Catholic Church. 2nd ed. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Cheney, Kristen. 2012. “Locating Neocolonialism, ‘Tradition’, and Human Rights in Uganda’s ‘Gay Death Penalty’.” African Studies Review 55 (2): 77–95. doi: 10.1353/arw.2012.0031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan, Chris. 2009. Social Torture: The Case of Northern Uganda, 1986–2006. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Driberg, Jack Herbert. 1923. The Lango: A Nilotic Tribe of Uganda. London: T. Fisher Unwin. http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7769/.
   Google Scholar
• Ellison, Marvin Mahan. 1996. Erotic Justice: A Liberating Ethic of Sexuality. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.
   Google Scholar
• Epprecht, Marc. 2008. Heterosexual Africa?: The History of an Idea from the Age of Exploration to the Age of AIDS. New African Histories Series. Athens: Ohio University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Epprecht, Marc. 2013. Sexuality and Social Justice in Africa: Rethinking Homophobia and Forging Resistance. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Equally Blessed. 2015. “Faithful Catholics Committed to Full Equality for LGBT People in the Church and Civil Society.” https://equallyblessed.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Fichtmüller, Anna. 2015. “‘For God and My Country’ – Religious Lobby Groups in Uganda and Their Role in Policy Making.” Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Finnegan, Amy C. 2010. “Forging Forgiveness: Collective Efforts Amidst War in Northern Uganda*.” Sociological Inquiry 80 (3): 424–447. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2010.00341.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnström, Sverker. 2008. Living with Bad Surroundings: War, History, and Everyday Moments in Northern Uganda. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Finnström, Sverker. 2009. “Gendered War and Rumors of Saddam Hussein in Uganda.” Anthropology and Humanism 34 (1): 61–70. doi: 10.1111/j.1548-1409.2009.01024.x
   Google Scholar
• Gunkel, Henriette. 2011. The Cultural Politics of Female Sexuality in South Africa. Reprint ed. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gusman, Alessandro. 2009. “HIV/AIDS, Pentecostal Churches, and the ‘Joseph Generation’ in Uganda.” Africa Today 56 (1): 67–86. doi: 10.2979/AFT.2009.56.1.66
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, Holger Bernt. 1984. Mission, Church and State in a Colonial Setting: Uganda 1890–1925. London: Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, Willis. 2000. “Ethnohomophobia?” Anglican Theological Review 82 (3): 551–564.
   Google Scholar
• Kaoma, K. 2012. Colonizing African Values: How the U.S. Christian Right is Transforming Sexual Politics in Africa. Somerville, MA: Political Research Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Kassimir, Ronald. 1998. “The Social Power of Religious Organization and Civil Society: The Catholic Church in Uganda.” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 36 (2): 54–83. doi: 10.1080/14662049808447767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato Kisule, David. 2013. “An Essay.” In Queer African Reader, edited by Hakima Abbas, and Sokari Ekine. Nairobi: Pambazuka Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kihangire, Rev. D. Cyprianus. 1957. The Marriage Customs of Lango. A Dissertation in Canon Law.pdf. Rome: Pont. Universitas De Propaganda Fide.
   Google Scholar
• van Klinken, Adriaan. 2014. “Homosexuality, Politics and Pentecostal Nationalism in Zambia.” Studies in World Christianity 20 (3): 259–281. doi: 10.3366/swc.2014.0095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Klinken, Adriaan S., and Masiiwa Ragies Gunda. 2012. “Taking Up the Cudgels against Gay Rights? Trends and Trajectories in African Christian Theologies on Homosexuality.” Journal of Homosexuality 59 (1): 114–138. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2012.638549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyomo, Andrew A., and Sahaya G. Selvan. 2004. Marriage and Family in African Christianity. Nairobi: Acton.
   Google Scholar
• Larok, Arthur. 2013. “ The Marriage and Divorce Bill: Looking Beyond a ‘Contaminated’ Discourse to a Larger Failure of Leadership and Government.” Action Aid International Uganda. http://www.actionaid.org/sites/files/actionaid/marriage_and_divorce_bill.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Magesa, Laurenti. 2004. “Reconstructing the African Family.” In Marriage and Family in African Christianity, edited by Andrew A. Kyomo and Sahaya G. Selvan, 5–28. Nairobi: Acton.
   Google Scholar
• Matabeni, Zethu. 2014. Reclaiming Afrikan. Queer Perspectives on Sexual and Gender Indentities. Athlone: Modjaji Books.
   Google Scholar
• Mbembe, Achille. 2006. “On the Postcolony: A Brief Response to Critics.” African Identities 4 (2): 143–178. doi: 10.1080/14725840600761096
   Google Scholar
• McNeill, John J. 1993. The Church and the Homosexual. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, Birgit. 2011. “Going and Making Public. Some Reflections on Pentecostalism as Public Religion in Ghana.” In Christianity and Public Culture in Africa, edited by Harri Englund, 149–166. Athens: Ohio University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, Alexandra. 2014. “Transnational Moralities and Invisible Sexual Minorities: Human Rights Discourse and Religion in Uganda.” In Strings Attached: AIDS and the Rise of Transnational Connections in Africa. 1st ed., edited by Nadine Beckmann, Alessandro Gusman and Catrine Shroff, 289–310. Oxford: British Academy.
   Google Scholar
• Musaala, Fr. Anthony. 2014. “Ugandan Priest: 10 Reasons to Repeal Anti-Gay Law.” 76 CRIMES. http://76crimes.com/2014/05/05/ugandan-priest-10-reasons-to-repeal-anti-gay-law/.
   Google Scholar
• Ndjio, Basile. 2013. “Sexuality and Nationalist Ideologies in Post-Colonial Cameroon.” In The Sexual History of the Global South: Sexual Politics and Postcolonialism in Africa, Asia and Latin America, edited by Saskia Wieringa, and Horacio Sivori, 120–143. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Ocungi, Julius. 2014. “Do Not Harm Homosexuals, Archbishop Odama Appeals.” http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Do-not-harm-homosexuals---Archbishop-Odama-appeals/-/688334/2421996/-/je6b74/-/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Oinas, Elina. 2011. Queering a Post-Colonial Call for Sovereignty: Case Ugandan Anti-Gay Bill. Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Owich, James. 2014. “I Was Beaten, Sodomised And Then Shot At By NRA – Namukora Male Rape Survivor Speaks Out.” Acholi Times, September 1 edition. http://acholitimes.com/2014/09/01/i-was-beaten-sodomised-and-then-shot-at-by-nra-namukora-male-rape-survivor-speaks-out/.
   Google Scholar
• p’Bitek, Okot. 1964. “Acholi Love.” Transition 4 (17): 28–33. doi: 10.2307/2934139
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. 2010. “Worship Attendance Uganda. Data Explorer – Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project.” Uganda. http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, Holly. 2013. After Rape. Justice and Social Harmony in Northern Uganda. London: London School of Economics and Political Science.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, Holly. 2015. “Mango Trees, Offices and Altars: The Role of Relatives, Non-Governmental Organisations and Churches after Rape in Northern Uganda.” International Journal on Minority & Group Rights 22 (3): 309–334. doi: 10.1163/15718115-02203002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, Rahul. 2015. “Re-membering Mwanga: Same-Sex Intimacy, Memory and Belonging in Postcolonial Uganda.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 9 (1): 1–19. doi: 10.1080/17531055.2014.970600
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Red Pepper. 2014. “500 Couples to Wed on Same Day.” June 17 edition. http://www.redpepper.co.ug/500-couples-to-wed-on-same-day/.
   Google Scholar
• Refugee Law Project. Undated. “ Julius Okwera: A Survivor’s Journey through Pain, Despair and Hope!” http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/15-08-2014_JULIUS_OKWERA_STORY.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Roscoe, Will, and Stephen O. Murray. 2001. Boy-Wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, J. K. 1966. Men Without God? A Study of the Impact of the Christian Message in the North of Uganda. London: The Highway Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sarah, Cardinal Robert, Cardinal Francis Arinze, and other African Cardinals and Bishops. 2015. “ Christs New Homeland Africa.” Accessed September 30. http://www.ignatius.com/Products/CNHA-P/christs-new-homeland--africa.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Schulz, Philipp. 2016. “Conflict-related Sexual and Gender-based Violence against Males, in Uganda and Beyond.” Voices. http://voices.justiceandreconciliation.com/researchcorner/2015/07/23/conflict-related-sexual-and-gender-based-violence-against-males-in-uganda-and-beyond/.
   Google Scholar
• Senyonjo, Christopher Rt Rev. 2007. “No Human Being Should Be Deprived of Love.” In Homosexuality: Perspectives from Uganda, edited by Sylvia Tamale. Kampala: Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG).
   Google Scholar
• Tamale, Sylvia. 2007. “Out of the Closet: Unveiling Sexuality Discourses in Uganda.” In Africa after Gender? edited by Catherine M. Cole, and Takyiwaa Manuh, 17–29. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tamale, Sylvia. 2011. “Researching and Theorising Sexualities in Africa.” In African Sexualities: A Reader, edited by Sylvia Tamale, 11–36. Cape Town: Pambazuka Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tamale, Sylvia. 2013. “Confronting the Politics of Nonconforming Sexualities in Africa.” African Studies Review 56 (2): 31–45. doi: 10.1017/asr.2013.40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UBOS. 2002. “ 2002 Census Report.” Uganda Bureau of Statistics. http://www.ubos.org.
   Google Scholar
• Uganda Bureau of Statistics. 2010. “ Uganda National Household Survey 2009/2010.” Abridged Report. Kampala: Uganda Bureau of Statistics. http://www.ubos.org/UNHS0910/unhs200910.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Vähäkangas, Auli. 2004. “The Crisis of Christian Marriage.” In Marriage and Family in African Christianity, edited by Andrew A. Kyomo, and Sahaya G. Selvan, 29–52. Nairobi: Acton.
   Google Scholar
• Vähäkangas, Mika. 2004. “Between the Ideal and the Real: Family in the African Synod.” In Marriage and Family in African Christianity, edited by Andrew A. Kyomo, and Sahaya G. Selvan, 148–162. Nairobi: Acton.
   Google Scholar
• Vorhölter, Julia. 2012. “Negotiating Social Change: Ugandan Discourses on Westernisation and Neo-Colonialism as Forms of Social Critique.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 50 (2): 283–307. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X12000055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, Kevin. 2002. “Same-Sex Relations in Africa and the Debate on Homosexuality in East African Anglicism.” Anglican Theological Review 84 (1): 81–111.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, Kevin. 2005. “Eating and Sharing: Church and State in Uganda.” Journal of Anglican Studies 3 (1): 99–120. doi: 10.1177/1740355305052827
   Google Scholar
• Ward, Kevin. 2015. “The Role of the Anglican and Catholic Churches in Uganda in Public Discourse on Homosexuality and Ethics.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 9 (1): 127–144. doi: 10.1080/17531055.2014.987509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieringa, Saskia Eleonora. 2009. “Postcolonial Amnesia. Sexual Moral Panics, Memory, and Imperial Power.” In Moral Panics, Sex Panics: Fear and the Fight over Sexual Rights, edited by Gilbert Herdt, 205–233. New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wieringa, Saskia, and Horacio Sivori. 2013. “Sexual Politics in the Global South: Framing the Discourse.” In The Sexual History of the Global South: Sexual Politics and Postcolonialism in Africa, Asia and Latin America, edited by Saskia Wieringa, and Horacio Sivori, 1–21. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Roger Ross. 2013. “ God Loves Uganda.” http://www.godlovesuganda.com/film/.
   Google Scholar