A novel polyphenolic prebiotic and probiotic formulation have synergistic effects on the gut microbiota influencing Drosophila melanogaster physiology

References

• Lee W-J, Hase K. Gut microbiota-generated metabolites in animal health and disease. Nat Chem Biol. 2014;10:416–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu Q-Y, Zhang J, Feng Y-C. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in Bifidobacterium longum-regulated visceral hypersensitivity of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016;44:1933–1937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow KM, Liu ZC, Prakash S, et al. Free and microencapsulated Lactobacillus and effects of metabolic induction on urea removal. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 2003;31:425–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbanska AM, Bhathena J, Cherif S, et al. Orally delivered microencapsulated probiotic formulation favorably impacts polyp formation in APC (Min/+) model of intestinal carcinogenesis. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016;44:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bravo JA, Julio-Pieper M, Forsythe P, et al. Communication between gastrointestinal bacteria and the nervous system. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2012;12:667–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkins T, Sequoia J. Probiotics for gastrointestinal conditions: a summary of the evidence. Am Fam Phys. 2017;96:170–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman CMC, Gibson GR, Rowland I. Health benefits of probiotics: are mixtures more effective than single strains? Eur J Nutr. 2011;50:1–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belenguer A, Duncan SH, Calder AG, et al. Two routes of metabolic cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and butyrate-producing anaerobes from the human gut. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:3593–3599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr. 1995;125:1401–1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberfroid M, Gibson GR, Hoyles L, et al. Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Br J Nutr. 2010;104(Suppl.2):S1–S63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelan K. Mechanisms and effectiveness of prebiotics in modifying the gastrointestinal microbiota for the management of digestive disorders. Proc Nutr Soc. 2013;72:288–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hijova E, Chmelarova A. Short chain fatty acids and colonic health. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2007;108:354–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura I, Inoue D, Hirano K, et al. The SCFA receptor GPR43 and energy metabolism. Front Endocrinol. 2014;5:85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besten den G, van Eunen K, Groen AK, et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J Lipid Res. 2013;54:2325–2340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cani PD, Possemiers S, Van de Wiele T, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut. 2009;58:1091–1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberfroid M. Prebiotics: the concept revisited. J Nutr. 2007;137: 830S–837S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh YJ, Klaenhammer TR. Genetic mechanisms of prebiotic oligosaccharide metabolism in probiotic microbes. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2015;6:137–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duda-Chodak A, Tarko T, Satora P, et al. Interaction of dietary compounds, especially polyphenols, with the intestinal microbiota: a review. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54:325–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aura A-M. Microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic compounds in the colon. Phytochem Rev. 2008;7:407–429.
   Google Scholar
• Kim D-H, Jung EA, Sohng IS, et al. Intestinal bacterial metabolism of flavonoids and its relation to some biological activities. Arch Pharm Res. 1998;21:17–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HC, Jenner AM, Low CS, et al. Effect of tea phenolics and their aromatic fecal bacterial metabolites on intestinal microbiota. Res Microbiol. 2006;157:876–884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson CT, Denniston K, Chopra D. Therapeutic uses of Triphala in Ayurvedic medicine. J Altern Complement Med. 2017;23: 607–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baliga MS, Meera S, Mathai B, et al. Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug Triphala: a review. Chin J Integr Med. 2012;18:946–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong AC-N, Vanhove AS, Watnick PI. The interplay between intestinal bacteria and host metabolism in health and disease: lessons from Drosophila melanogaster. Dis Model Mech. 2016;9:271–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erkosar B, Storelli G, Defaye A, et al. Host-intestinal microbiota mutualism: “Learning on the Fly”. Cell Host Microbe. 2013;13:8–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler JA, Lang JM, Bhatnagar S, et al. Bacterial communities of diverse Drosophila species: ecological context of a host-microbe model system. PLoS Genet. 2011;7:e1002272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soong Y-Y, Barlow PJ. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of selected fruit seeds. Food Chem. 2004;88:411–417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem. 1999;64:555–559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter L, Hrstich L, Chan B. The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin. Phytochemistry. 1985;25:223–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartzfeld PW, Forkner R, Hunter MD, et al. Determination of hydrolyzable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins) after reaction with potassium iodate. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50:1785–1790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson D, O'Connell Motherway M, Schoterman MHC, et al. Selective carbohydrate utilization by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. J Appl Microbiol. 2013;114:1132–1146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Hodgson JJ, Buchon N. Drosophila as a model for homeostatic, antibacterial, and antiviral mechanisms in the gut. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13:e1006277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrandon D, Imler J-L, Hetru C, et al. The Drosophila systemic immune response: sensing and signalling during bacterial and fungal infections. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7:862–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lhocine N, Ribeiro PS, Buchon N, et al. PIMS modulates immune tolerance by negatively regulating Drosophila innate immune signaling. Cell Host Microbe. 2008;4:147–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee K-A, Kim S-H, Kim E-K, et al. Bacterial-derived uracil as a modulator of mucosal immunity and gut-microbe homeostasis in Drosophila. Cell. 2013;153:797–811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imler J-L, Bulet P. Antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila: structures, activities and gene regulation. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2005;86: 1–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark RI, Salazar A, Yamada R, et al. Distinct shifts in microbiota composition during Drosophila aging impair intestinal function and drive mortality. Cell Rep. 2015;12:1656–1667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, et al. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature. 2006;444:1022–1023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anhe FF, Roy D, Pilon G, et al. A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of mice. Gut. 2015;64:872–883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selma MV, Espin JC, Tomas-Barberan FA. Interaction between phenolics and gut microbiota: role in human health. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57:6485–6501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belapurkar P, Goyal P, Tiwari-Barua P. Immunomodulatory effects of Triphala and its individual constituents: a review. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2014;76:467–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boto-Ordonez M, Urpi-Sarda M, Queipo-Ortuno MI, et al. High levels of Bifidobacteria are associated with increased levels of anthocyanin microbial metabolites: a randomized clinical trial. Food Funct. 2014;5:1932–1938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biradar YS, Jagatap S, Khandelwal KR, et al. Exploring of antimicrobial activity of Triphala Mashi—an Ayurvedic formulation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008;5:107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013;5:1417–1435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummel T, Ching A, Seroude L, et al. Drosophila lifespan enhancement by exogenous bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101:12974–12979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren C, Webster P, Finkel SE, et al. Increased internal and external bacterial load during Drosophila aging without life-span trade-off. Cell Metabol. 2007;6:144–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsden S, Cheung YY, Seroude L. Functional analysis of the Drosophila immune response during aging. Aging Cell. 2008; 7:225–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taguchi A, White MF. Insulin-like signaling, nutrient homeostasis, and life span. Annu Rev Physiol. 2008;70:191–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storelli G, Defaye A, Erkosar B, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum promotes drosophila systemic growth by modulating hormonal signals through TOR-dependent nutrient sensing. Cell Metabol. 2011;14:403. 14:
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westfall S, Lomis N, Kahouli I, et al. Ferulic acid produced by Lactobacillus fermentum influences developmental growth through a dTOR mediated mechanism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;8:272–284.
   Google Scholar
• Bourassa MW, Alim I, Bultman SJ, et al. Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: can a high fiber diet improve brain health? Neurosci Lett. 2016;625:56–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacPherson CW, Shastri P, Mathieu O, et al. Genome-wide immune modulation of TLR3-mediated inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells differs between single and multi-strain probiotic combination. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0169847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar