References
- El–Serag HB, Rudolph KL. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:2557–2576.
- Ferenci P, Fried M, Labrecque D, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): a global perspective. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;44:239–245.
- Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 2002;420:860–867.
- Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144:646–674.
- Hashimoto K, Ikeda Y, Korenaga D, et al. The impact of preoperative serum C-reactive protein on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2005;103:1856–1864.
- Xiao W-K, Chen D, Li S-Q, et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:117.
- Feng J-F, Huang Y, Chen Q-X. Preoperative platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is superior to neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictive factor in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Onc. 2014;12:58.
- Pinato D, North B, Sharma R. A novel, externally validated inflammation-based prognostic algorithm in hepatocellular carcinoma: the prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Br J Cancer. 2012;106:1439–1445.
- Kinoshita A, Onoda H, Imai N, et al. Comparison of the prognostic value of inflammation-based prognostic scores in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2012;107:988–993.
- Yao Q, Bao X, Xue R, et al. Prognostic value of immunoscore to identify mortality outcomes in adults with HBV-related primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e6735.
- Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, et al. A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38:518–526.
- Lin ZH, Xin YN, Dong QJ, et al. Performance of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the staging of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: an updated meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2011;53:726–736.
- Cheng J, Zhao P, Liu J, et al. Preoperative aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) is a predictor on postoperative outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e5486.
- Hung H-H, Su C-W, Lai C-R, et al. Fibrosis and AST to platelet ratio index predict post-operative prognosis for solitary small hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int. 2010;4:691–699.
- Ju M-J, Qiu S-J, Fan J, et al. Preoperative serum gamma-glutamyl transferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio is a convenient prognostic marker for Child-Pugh A hepatocellular carcinoma after operation. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44:635–642.
- EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2012;56:908–943.
- Llovet JM, Bru C, Bruix J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19:329–338.
- Yoo JJ, Chung GE, Lee JH, et al. Advance-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a cohort study including 612 patients treated with sorafenib. Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50:366-373.
- Berasain C, Castillo J, Perugorria M, et al. Inflammation and liver cancer. Ann New York Acad Sci. 2009;1155:206–221.
- Yang F, Zhang L, Huo X, et al. Long noncoding RNA high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma facilitates tumor growth through enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in humans. Hepatology. 2011;54:1679–1689.
- Pan H, Fu X, Huang W. Molecular mechanisms of liver cancer. ACAMC. 2011;11:493–499.
- Alison MR, Nicholson LJ, Lin WR. Chronic inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Cancers. Springer; 2011. pp. 135–148.
- Esper DH, Harb WA. The cancer cachexia syndrome: a review of metabolic and clinical manifestations. Nutr Clin Pract. 2005;20:369–376.
- Clarke S, Chua W, Moore M, et al. Use of inflammatory markers to guide cancer treatment. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;90:475–478.
- Pinato DJ, Sharma R. An inflammation-based prognostic index predicts survival advantage after transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Res. 2012;160:146–152.
- Pinato DJ, Stebbing J, Ishizuka M, et al. A novel and validated prognostic index in hepatocellular carcinoma: the inflammation based index (IBI). J Hepatol. 2012;57:1013–1020.
- Shen S-L, Fu S-J, Chen B, et al. Preoperative aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio is an independent prognostic factor for hepatitis B-induced hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21:3802–3809.
- Gomez D, Farid S, Malik H, et al. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic predictor after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg. 2008;32:1757–1762.
- Bertuzzo VR, Cescon M, Ravaioli M, et al. Analysis of factors affecting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation with a special focus on inflammation markers. Transplantation. 2011;91:1279–1285.
- Huang Z-L, Luo J, Chen M-S, et al. Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial chemoembolization. J Vasc Interventional Radiol. 2011;22:702–709.
- Chen TM, Lin CC, Huang PT, et al. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio associated with mortality in early hepatocellular carcinoma patients after radiofrequency ablation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27:553–561.
- Nozoe T, Ninomiya M, Maeda T, et al. Prognostic nutritional index: a tool to predict the biological aggressiveness of gastric carcinoma. Surg Today. 2010;40:440–443.
- Kanda M, Fujii T, Kodera Y, et al. Nutritional predictors of postoperative outcome in pancreatic cancer. Br J Surg. 2011;98:268–274.
- Argilés JM, Moore-Carrasco R, Fuster G, et al. Cancer cachexia: the molecular mechanisms. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2003;35:405–409.
- Meng Q-H, Yu H-W, Li J, et al. Inadequate nutritional intake and protein-energy malnutrition involved in acute and chronic viral hepatitis Chinese patients especially in cirrhosis patients. Hepato-gastroenterol. 2009;57:845–851.
- Steel DM, Whitehead AS. The major acute phase reactants: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P component and serum amyloid A protein. Immunology Today. 1994;15:81–88.
- O'Keefe S, Carraher T, E1-Zayadi A, et al. Malnutrition and immuno-incompetence in patients with liver disease. Lancet. 1980;316:615–617.
- Nagai S, Abouljoud MS, Kazimi M, et al. Peritransplant lymphopenia is a novel prognostic factor in recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2014;97:694–701.
- Unitt E, Marshall A, Gelson W, et al. Tumour lymphocytic infiltrate and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation. J Hepatol. 2006;45:246–253.
- Wu JC, Huang YH, Chau GY, et al. Risk factors for early and late recurrence in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2009;51:890–897.
- Cheung YS, Chan HL, Wong J, et al. Elevated perioperative transaminase level predicts intrahepatic recurrence in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy. Asian J Surg. 2008;31:41–49.
- Tarao K, Rino Y, Takemiya S, et al. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels and survival after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus‐associated liver cirrhosis. Cancer Sci. 2003;94:1083–1090.
- Silva IS, Ferraz MLC, Perez RM, et al. Role of γ‐glutamyl transferase activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;19:314–318.
- Shin W, Park S, Jang M, et al. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) can predict liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Digestive Liver Dis. 2008;40:267–274.
- Kao WY, Chiou YY, Hung HH, et al. Risk factors for long-term prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation therapy: the clinical implication of aspartate aminotransferase–platelet ratio index. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;23:528–536.
- Mihm S, Monazahian M, Grethe S, et al. Ratio of serum γ-GT/ALT rather than ISDR variability is predictive for initial virological response to IFN‐α in chronic HCV infection. J Med Virol. 1999;58:227–234.
- Tarantino G, Sorrentino P, Conca P, et al. Low daily dosage of interferon for 1 year after HCV-related end-therapy response. A randomized-controlled study. Liver Int. 2003;23:413–419.
- Henderson J, Sherman M, Tavill A, et al. AHPBA/AJCC consensus conference on staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: consensus statement. HPB. 2003;5:243–250.
- Huang J, Xu L, Luo Y, et al. The inflammation-based scores to predict prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Med Oncol. 2014;31:1–8.
- Wang G-Y, Yang Y, Li H, et al. A scoring model based on neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts recurrence of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. PLoS One. 2011;6:e25295.